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>happened in 1994
>Years of accumulation of tribal social conflicts
>RPF: Tutsi force, pro-president
>MRND: Hutu force, rebels
>Triggered by the death of the president
>The genocide begins after military officials took over the government
>Young Hutu rebel forces from the Rwandan Army, MRND and youth militias killing Tutsis along with mod. Hutus with machetes, with their slogan "Hutu Power", leaving dead bodies everywhere
>It was not until major media expose that President Clinton eventually took actions against the genocide

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Both the Hutus and the Tutsis are descended from different migrant groups from around 5-7 century. Before the European’s arrival, two ethnicities were loosely defined and only separated by labor division, and according to some sources, a Hutu can become a Tutsi by owning cattle and vice versa. The German colonized the region in the 19th century, and they, who subscribed to the Hamitic Myth, defined the Tutsi are superior to the Hutu. But this ethnic division was institutionalized after the Belgians claiming the colony after the Great War. Under the Belgians, Tutsi were put in charge of lower-level administrations, while the Hutus were still treated as a lower race. This has effectively created the difference in both the social and economical status of the two ethnicities, the Tutsi were in power and often rich while the Hutus were the masses and poor. The Belgians also enforced the sense of division by stating one’s origin of ethnicity on their ID card.  👍

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From the mid-1950s, before Rwanda and Burundi independence. Belgium was favoring on Tutsi that could help them ease the pressure of the decolonization because many of them are educated and in pursuit of independence.
The party of Hutu's are formed around 1957, the development of the social tense base on "The Hamitic myth" and conflict between Hutu and Tutsi Created by Belgian had caused a series of revolt by Hutu and felt of Tutsi after the Tutsi king dead. The thousands of Tutsi were killed and Belgian decide to give up it's power on colony because of the revolt.

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- Food shortages, growing trade deficit and increasing corruption led to social unrest;
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Before the Genocide declared, the tense were already building between the Hutu race and the Tutsi race.  A propaganda campaign started, leading the Hutu to believe that Tutsi are criminals, splitting the Hutu from the Tutsi. A Rwandan newspaper which controlled by Hutu, called Kangura (Wake Up), published the “Hutu Ten Commandments”, regulating the way Hutu contact Tutsi.

Hutu Ten Commandments

The main idea is Hutu people should not treat Tutsi people friendly, and Hutu who treat Tutsi like below will be considered a traitor.

Marry, befriend, or give job opportunities to Tutsi women

Have financial contact in any way with Tutsi

Also, Hutu should be in charge of every thing that can control the society, for example, “All strategic posts, political, administrative, economic, military and these in the area of security, should be entrusted to Hutus.”

From the Hutu Ten Commandments, it is expressing the idea of Tutsi should not be considered the same with Hutu, because the Tutsi are criminals.

Because of the high rate of illiteracy in Rwanda, Hutus first used propaganda which had comics on them, to spread the ideas. Then, they began to advertise on the NNR (Radio Rwanda) and RTML (Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines). NNR was for official information sending from the Rwanda government, RTML was a more local radio and there are a lot of famous musicians on it, so this radio station soon drawn a large group of audience.  From the Radio, the Hutu diffused that “if they don't kill the Tutsis, the Hutus will be killed, so we have to fight back."

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UNAMIR(United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda)—Sent by United Nation headed by the Canadian Romeo Dallaire, he owned 2,548 troops  with 26 different nationalities. The mission did not went well like it supposed to be. They were supposed to help implement a transitional government as agreed in the Arusha Accords. Peacekeeping, support refuges, reporting incidents.
Belgium also sent 450 troops though it was forbidden.

President Habyarimana tried to maintain his position.

Four groups competing power on the eve of the genocide:
SAME LINES:
Moderate Hutus, supported by Uwilingiymana and UNAMIR.
UNAMIR

OPPOSED:
Hutu extremists, supported by the army and media
RPF

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Social unrest has led the French government to pressure Mr Habyarimana to introduce a multi-party system. Since 1991, new radical Hutu parties have competed for popular support with Mr Habyarimana's MRND. The militants founded a liberation movement called the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). Their aim was to overthrow Habyarimana and its mainly Hutu government. The militants called themselves Inkotanyi. In 1992, they successfully occupied the northern provinces of Rwanda and hundreds of Tutsis were killed. Radical Hutus have set up their own fighting forces against what they call "unpatriots". In response, Mr. Habyarimana's party created its own paramilitary organization, Interahamwe. In 1992, a growing Rwandan army, backed by French "advisers", halted the advance of the RPF. Habyarimana was forced to join the leadership of the Rwandese Patriotic Front, and now he finds himself in a difficult position. Despite international expectations that he would be moderate, his political rhetoric at home turned to extremism.

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Time-sequence
1. Belgium colonial rule in 1916
2. The introduction of identity cards for Rwanda civilians that distinguished Hutu and Tutsi
3. Tutsi are minority who had higher social level, which caused discontent of Hutus.
4. Habyarimana's assassination
5. RTLM radio station provoked Hutus for revenge
6. The Rwandan Genocide started from capital to rural area
7. Between 6 April and the end of June 1994, in just 100 days,  the number of victims varied between 50K-1.2M.

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On 8 November 1994 the UN Security Council decided to set up a tribunal to prosecute persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law com- mitted in Rwanda and abroad between 1 January and 31 December 1994. Rwanda, a temporary council member in 1994, was the only country to vote against the tribunal
The gacaca courts aimed to reveal the truth about what has happened
1. To speed up the genocide trials
2. To  eradicate the culture of impunity
3. To  reconcile the Rwandans and reinforce their unity

Document:
Emmanuel Mugenzira, Survivor Rwandan genocide, "there are still people with such bestial hearts. They would do it again. There are lots of people like that who look at you and wish you were dead.

The current Rwandan president denies the charge that the crimes of the RPF against the Hutus were genocidal in nature.

7.1 responses
International community can not intervene or prevent the atrocities. Ethnic cleaning was used to describe and replace the term genocide. A UN witness said that Rwandan army and Interahamwe attacking political enemies of Habyarimana. After several days he actually saw those crimes, he committed that crimes against humanity, all Tutsi were being targeted and it was a genocidal instead of ethnic cleaning.