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Powerful seas and prolonged pounding of seawalls and sand dunes on the east coast and Newcastle coastline by waves up to 6 metres

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An unusually prolonged coastal storm has pummelled beaches from Sydney to Newcastle in the past week, causing sand dune erosion that could take years to recover.

Beaches facing south and south-east were most exposed to several days of strong southerly swells. Sydney's northern beaches were among the worst hit.

Beach erosion has damaged sand dunes at South Curl Curl and Dee Why, and eroded front yards along the Collaroy and Narrabeen waterfront. Sand is virtually non-existent under the controversial seawall built to protect multimillion-dollar homes in Collaroy.

Dr Mitchell Harley, an expert in coastal erosion at the University of NSW, said beaches from Eden to Coffs Harbour had lost sand, but the Sydney-Newcastle region had copped the brunt of the storm.

He said damaged sand dunes did not recover as easily as beaches did.

"If it's just the dry part of the beach, it can recover quite rapidly," Harley said. The rule of thumb was that, for every metre of sand lost on a beach, it would take five to 10 days to recover.

"But if it's the dunes that are impacted, which is what we've seen in the last week or so, they take a lot longer to recover. They are rebuilt usually by the winds rather than waves and that's a lot longer process - years rather than weeks to months."

A European research paper published in Nature Climate Change in 2020 predicted that half the world's beaches would disappear by 2100 because of rising sea levels, including 40 per cent of Australia's 12,000 beaches.

An international team including researchers from the University of Sydney and the University of Wollongong published a rebuttal paper that said beaches with natural sand dunes would be able to retreat inland, retaining their general shapes. However, the paper said beaches such as Collaroy and Wamberal in NSW, backed by hard coastal cliffs or seawalls, would have nowhere to go, so the expanse of sand would shrink and eventually drown.

In 2022, property owners, the Northern Beaches Council and the state government built a seawall along the beach front from Collaroy to South Narrabeen, including a seven-metre tall structure with stair access in front of private properties. Many local residents protested against the project, fearing it would worsen beach erosion.

While there was coastal erosion earlier this winter, Harley said the swell this week was "unusual though not unprecedented" in its duration. There were four days of waves above three metres and peaking up to 5.7 metres.

Olenka Duma from the Bureau of Meteorology also said the coastal storm, which developed on July 29 and peaked on August 1, had been unusually prolonged.

"We do often see these events across the winter months. It's not unusual, but certainly [it being] this prolonged is probably a little bit more on the unusual side," Duma said.

Duma said the "large, powerful seas" were caused by a low pressure system over the Tasman Sea, and a high system just off Tasmania, which were both quite stationary and driving strong southerly winds and swell along the NSW coast.

Beaches in the eastern suburbs got off lightly this time, but in Sutherland Shire, the large, powerful surf caused significant sand erosion at several beaches.

A council spokesperson said the seawalls at Prince Street and North Cronulla built in 2022 had held up, protecting coastal infrastructure, and further inspections would occur over the coming days.

Northern Beaches Council said in a statement it expected the beaches to recover following coastal storms, but council staff would undertake maintenance of natural dunes, replenishment of sand at beaches, and repairing seawalls where needed.
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Connect via Caitlin Fitzsimmons is the environment and climate reporter for The Sydney Morning Herald. She was previously the social affairs reporter and the Money editor. Twitter, Facebook or email.

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'Unusual' winter swells erode Sydney beaches and sand dunes

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Beaches recover relatively rapidly from coastal erosion, but sand dunes can take years to repair.

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Check out how large waves damaged a beachside road close to homes at Hawks Nest, north of Newcastle.

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In short:

Extreme weather has undermined a road and destroyed vegetation at Jimmy's Beach at Hawks Nest, NSW.

The community is calling for long term-solutions to address coastal erosion.

What's next?

The council is seeking state government funding to assist with the problem.

A community on the New South Wales Mid North Coast wants a long-term solution to combat erosion after large waves damaged a beachside road, uprooted a sand regeneration pipeline and came dangerously close to homes.

For four days last week, waves up to 2 metres high battered Jimmy's Beach at Hawks Nest, stripping tonnes of sand and vegetation, wrecking 40m of road and briefly affecting power and sewerage services.

The driveway of a holiday home was also destroyed.

Former real estate agent Rick Wraight has lived in the town of Tea Gardens, next to Hawks Nest, for 40 years.

He said coastal erosion had never been so bad for the home owners at Winda Woppa, overlooking Jimmy's Beach.

"The entire town and district is very worried about the effects of this erosion," he said.

"This was the most severe damage that I've seen ... it certainly took my breath away to actually see what I have just seen this morning."

'Devastatingly worse'

Mr Wraight said most of the houses in Winda Woppa were holiday homes, with only about 10 permanently occupied.

Sydney man Grahame Pratt owns one of the homes on The Boulevard, which was damaged during the event, and has been visiting the area since his childhood.

"It's beautiful, it's quiet. I call it the land that time forgot," he said.

Mr Pratt said the latest erosion was much worse than he had previously seen, but he was not particularly worried.

"The fact that the road was between us and the beach gave me a lot of comfort," he said.

"They'll still repair the road ... whilst if it was just beach, then there's nothing between me and the beach.

"That's a different dynamic, and that's between me and the ocean."

David Chivers lives on The Boulevard and wants to see a more permanent solution.

"They [the council] just keep bandaging up the problem and not fixing the cause," he said.

"The amount of money they pumped onto that beach is unbelievable and what's it achieved? It's achieved absolutely nothing."

Mr Chivers said there had been different methods used to restore the sand, but none had fixed the problem

"Maybe they have to put rocks in, maybe they have to forego the beach to some degree, maybe they should put in a breakwall," he said.

"They need to do something about stopping the erosion, and not by putting sand on it to let it get washed away."

Mark Hair has lived in Tea Gardens for almost a decade and described the situation as "devastatingly worse".

"We've not considered living here," he said.

"We often said, 'I'm glad we've not bought a place here'.

"I think the erosion speaks for itself."

Calls for long-term solution

Mid Coast Council director of infrastructure and engineering services Rob Scott said the council would pump more sand on to Jimmy's Beach next week.

Mr Scott said the council had assessed the damage and was asking the state government for support to repair the public road.

"If we can get that, then that obviously allows things to go into full-swing restoration," he said.

"If we can't, then that puts a rather sizeable hole in our annual works program ... we have to redivert projects and funds from other projects into backfilling the area.

"Even just backfilling the area that's been eroded away with sand is an enormous cost."

The Member for Port Stephens, Kate Washington, said the government was working with the Mid Coast and Port Stephens councils to address erosion issues following last week's swell.

"The first step is understanding the extent of the impact," Ms Washington said.

"That's what council and state government agencies have been doing on the ground, but ultimately it rests with council and council needs support to be able to progress things."

Ms Washington said she understood community concerns over the latest impacts and conversations on long-term solutions were ongoing.

"I think the community has been, quite rightly, deeply affected by the damage they've seen done," she said.

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Locals stunned by 'severe damage' to beach after extreme swells

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There are growing calls for long-term solutions to coastal erosion after huge waves undermined a road and destroyed infrastructure on the NSW Mid North Coast.

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A tusker's compassion during the landslide!

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A Tusker's silent support in the landslide

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A Tusker's silent support in the landslide

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Just as we are researching and sharing information on beach erosion, a disaster has struck in Kerala's Wayanad district. In the early hours of July 30th, heavy rains and landslides caused significant damage in the Western Ghats, making the land unrecognisable and leading to the loss of two settlements. With power supplies cut off, people had to flee into the tea and coffee plantations. In the darkness, they encountered wild elephants. An elderly woman named Sujatha and her family members escaped the disaster by climbing a hillock, where they encountered a wild tusker and two female elephants standing inches away from them. What transpired next was beyond anyone's imagination. Sujatha pleaded with the elephant, explaining that they faced a great tragedy, and they were afraid in the darkness with water all around them. She begged the tusker not to harm them.

In an incredible moment, the elephant had tears rolling down its eyes, understanding their plight. It stood there, motionless, until dawn, while Sujatha and her family stayed by its feet. They felt safe, standing together in silent support.

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Human structures, such as coastal harbors and jetties, can simultaneously trap sediments, decreasing erosion, while increasing erosion rates on adjacent coastlines.

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Coastal erosion is a significant issue affecting many countries around the world. Here are ten countries that experience notable coastal erosion:

1. Bangladesh: Due to its low-lying geography and frequent cyclones, Bangladesh faces severe coastal erosion ¹.

2. Vietnam: The Mekong Delta is particularly vulnerable to erosion, exacerbated by rising sea levels and human activities ¹.

3. India: Coastal regions, especially in states like Kerala and West Bengal, are heavily impacted by erosion ¹.

4. United States: Coastal erosion is a major concern in states like Louisiana and Florida ¹.

5. United Kingdom: The east coast, particularly areas like Yorkshire, experiences significant erosion ².

6. Australia: Coastal erosion affects various regions, including the eastern and western coasts ³.

7. Netherlands: Despite extensive coastal defenses, the Netherlands continues to battle erosion due to its low-lying terrain ¹.

8. Japan: Coastal erosion is a concern, particularly in areas affected by typhoons and tsunamis ¹.

9. Indonesia: Many of its islands are experiencing erosion due to rising sea levels and deforestation ¹.

10. Nigeria: Coastal erosion is a significant issue, particularly in the Niger Delta region ¹.

These countries are implementing various measures to combat coastal erosion, but it remains a challenging issue due to climate change and other environmental factors.

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What happens to the interconnectedness of the beach and other organisms if the beach is eroding ?

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What happens to the interconnectedness of the beach and other organisms if the beach is eroding ?

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Waves are crashing ,sands are fading

Nature’s shifting, no more waiting,

Beach erosion, it’s a call,

Protect our shores, we must stand tall!

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A drone caught footage of coastal erosion in Pacifica, a town in California which has a long history with coastal erosion.

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WATCH: Pacifica Coastal Erosion Caught on Drone Video

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It is believed that Tamil Nadu ranks fourth in India for severe coastal erosion. Between 1990 and 2018, Tamil Nadu lost 1,802 hectares of land due to erosion. Chennai, the city where we are currently living, has lost 30 percent of coastal area.

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Are there different types of coastal erosion? If so, what are they?

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The dense roots of mangroves help to bind and build soils. The above-ground roots slow down water flows, encourage deposition of sediments and reduce erosion.

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Coastal erosion can result in the loss of important habitats such as mangrove forests, salt marshes, and coral reefs

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Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms. The landward retreat of the shoreline can be measured and described over a temporal scale of tides, seasons, and other short-term cyclic processes.

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Coastal erosion is the loss or displacement of land, or the long-term removal of sediment and rocks along the coastline due to the action of waves, currents, tides, wind-driven water, waterborne ice, or other impacts of storms. The landward retreat of the shoreline can be measured and described over a temporal scale of tides, seasons, and other short-term cyclic processes.

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What are the differences between natural and accelerated beach erosion?

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What are the differences between natural and accelerated beach erosion?

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Upon the shore where waves caress,

A silent thief begins to press.

Grains of sand are swept away,

As the ocean claims its sway.

Cliffs and dunes in slow retreat,

Yield to tides that never cease.

Nature's dance, a restless motion,

Tells the tale of beach erosion.

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In Chennai, Ennore creek , the erosion is largely attributed to sediment imbalance and sea-level rise and extreme weather events. The Tamil Nadu government has launched a Coastal Restoration Mission with assistance from the World Bank, aiming to address these issues by investing in coastal protection, biodiversity enhancement, and pollution control. This mission is over seen by Tamilnadu Green Climate company.

TN Coastal Restoration Mission will be implemented from 2024-2029 at an outlay of Rs 2,000 crore, of which TN’s component will be Rs 600 crore and rest will be funded by World Bank --- Source The New India Express - Dated 22-11-2023

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Details of research centers on Beach erosion available world wide?

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Coastal erosion is the process by which coastlines are gradually worn away by the action of natural forces such as waves, tides, currents, and wind. It involves the removal of sand, soil, and rock from the shore, leading to the loss of land and changes in the shape and structure of the coastline.

Coastal erosion is a natural process, but we can take steps like building Sea wall and Barriers, Planting Vegetation to reduce its impact and protect our shores.

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Beach erosion is the loss of beach material, such as sand, pebbles or rocks, due to natural or human-induced factors. Here are some key aspects of beach erosion:

Causes:

1. Wave action and storms

2. Tides and currents

3. Sea level rise

4. Coastal development and human activities

5. Climate change

Effects:

1. Loss of beach width and area

2. Damage to costal infrastructure and property

3. Economic impacts of tourism and recreation

4. Habitat loss for coastal ecosystems and wildlife

Prevention and mitigation

1. Beach nourishment (pumping sand into the beach)

2. Sustainable costal development and planning

3. Restoration of natural habitats and ecosystem

4. Erosion monitoring and management

Beach erosion is a natural process, however, HUMAN activities have increased its rate and severity.

R.Shiva Subramanian

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Are there any places which are already destroyed by coastal erosion?

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Stopping water from rising, involves a combination of mitigation and adaptation strategies. Here are some key approaches:

Mitigation Strategies

1. Reduce Carbon Footprint

2. Protect natural barriers

3. Build sea walls and barriers

4. Implement flood management systems

5. Elevate flood infrastructure

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Which are the countries that most commonly experience beach erosion?

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Coastal Erosion squeezes the living space of humans, destroys the beach biodiversity and ecological balance.

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Why are the houses near the beach getting destroyed?

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Why are the houses near the beach getting destroyed?

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If houses are to close to the water they need to be destroyed so it doesn't cause harm and collapse.

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What is a long term solution to costal erosion?

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we need to save the sand, otherwise it will be bad!!

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Because in Antarctica there's a lot of ice and with the climate change the ice melts and makes the water rise

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Is it only in Australia or anywhere?

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How does beach erosion happen?

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the sand is being destroyed by the houses! if we don’t get this together, it will be bad!

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Is it good for nature?

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How does this impact us?

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so would people at Bondi Beach  erode the sand?

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so would people at Bondi Beach  erode the sand?

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What will happen if the sea takes all the beach in Australia?

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I'm the one who wrote the puppy one. Also I love the beach.

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How do we fix costal erosion?

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That house and building nere can be destroyed 

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That house and building nere can be destroyed 

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Would it affect living near the beach

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Our coastline is changing. Significant weather events, combined with long-term sea level rise, means that waves are reaching higher on the shoreline than in the past, exposing both bedrock and man-made structures more frequently.

The loss of sand that occurs in these scenarios significantly impacts both the appearance of the beach and our ability to enjoy beach activities.

We are in the process of developing the Southern Beaches Coastal Management Program (CMP) which covers the coastline from Nobbys Headland to Glenrock Lagoon. This Coastal Management Program is a long-term program of actions which can help us adapt to both immediate and future changes on our coast.

In the meantime, we're delivering staged rehabilitation work to address storm damage at Bar Beach and ensure minimal disruption to beach goers. The next phase of remediation work will concentrate on the southern end of the promenade adjoining Cooks Hills Surf Life Saving Club, including the reinstatement of a vehicle access ramp from Memorial Drive to the beach, and new stairs to enhance pedestrian access to the sand. A wave deflector wall topped with a new walkway and handrail will be constructed to help protect the surf club and provide pedestrian access across the front of the building.

Emergency works at Bar Beach were initially undertaken following the storm to enable use of the club house and facilities and provide temporary vehicular access to the beach. Further work was carried out in 2023, including the construction of a temporary beach access ramp and upgraded balustrade fencing to replace temporary water-filled barriers.

Learn more about the coastal hazards that impact our coastline including a series of short videos.

Want to contribute to our understanding of these beaches?

You can take part by uploading your photos of this stretch of coastline via CoastSnap. CoastSnap NSW is a collaboration between UNSW Sydney, the NSW Government and City of Newcastle.

Simply follow the instructions shown on signage next to two dedicated phone cradles - one at Bar Beach and one at Merewether - or download the free CoastSnap app.

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Read information and updates on the response and management of erosion at our Southern Beaches.

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Our coastline is changing. Significant weather events, combined with long-term sea level rise, means that waves are reaching higher on the shoreline than in the past, exposing both bedrock and man-made structures more frequently.

The loss of sand that occurs in these scenarios significantly impacts both the appearance of the beach and our ability to enjoy beach activities.

We are in the process of developing the Southern Beaches Coastal Management Program (CMP) which covers the coastline from Nobbys Headland to Glenrock Lagoon. This Coastal Management Program is a long-term program of actions which can help us adapt to both immediate and future changes on our coast.

In the meantime, we're delivering staged rehabilitation work to address storm damage at Bar Beach and ensure minimal disruption to beach goers. The next phase of remediation work will concentrate on the southern end of the promenade adjoining Cooks Hills Surf Life Saving Club, including the reinstatement of a vehicle access ramp from Memorial Drive to the beach, and new stairs to enhance pedestrian access to the sand. A wave deflector wall topped with a new walkway and handrail will be constructed to help protect the surf club and provide pedestrian access across the front of the building.

Emergency works at Bar Beach were initially undertaken following the storm to enable use of the club house and facilities and provide temporary vehicular access to the beach. Further work was carried out in 2023, including the construction of a temporary beach access ramp and upgraded balustrade fencing to replace temporary water-filled barriers.

Learn more about the coastal hazards that impact our coastline including a series of short videos.

Want to contribute to our understanding of these beaches?

You can take part by uploading your photos of this stretch of coastline via CoastSnap. CoastSnap NSW is a collaboration between UNSW Sydney, the NSW Government and City of Newcastle.

Simply follow the instructions shown on signage next to two dedicated phone cradles - one at Bar Beach and one at Merewether - or download the free CoastSnap app.

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Read information and updates on the response and management of erosion at our Southern Beaches.

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The sea looks like it eats the sand like a puppy. PUPPIES EAT ALL OF THEIR FOOD. If we don't stop this it will be bye bye beaches.

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in erosion the water rises and you can barely see the sand from above 🌊

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Is it going happen to the whole of Australia?

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Is it going happen to the whole of Australia?

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What would happen if Caves Beach disappeared?

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how does it happen

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The process by which local sea level rise strong wave action and coastal flooding wear down rocks or carry away rocks soil or sand along the coast

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The process by which local sea level rise, strong wave action, and coastal flooding wear down or carry away rocks, soils, and/or sands along the coast.

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The process by which local sea level rise, strong wave action, and coastal flooding wear down or carry away rocks, soils, and/or sands along the coast.

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Beaches on the southeast coast of Australia narrow during prolonged La Niña, while they widen - or accrete - during El Niño periods. Credit: Water Research Laboratory.

Researchers from UNSW Sydney have analyzed millions of satellite photos to observe changes in beaches across the Pacific Ocean. The findings, published in Nature Geoscience today (Feb. 10), reveal for the first time how coastlines respond to different phases of the El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle.

ENSO is a natural climate phenomenon that causes variations in sea surface temperatures over the Pacific Ocean. The warming phase, known as El Niño, and the cooling phase, known as La Niña, affect weather patterns across different coastlines depending on the cycle.

During these periods, coastal erosion can also intensify, shifting sand away from beaches and threatening beachfront homes and habitats. But scientists haven't been able to study this broadly using conventional coastal monitoring techniques, which have been limited to on-ground observations on just a few beaches.

"Scientists have known beaches respond to ENSO cycles for decades, but we've only been able to paint a small picture of this from a few sporadic beach monitoring sites," says Dr. Mitchell Harley, co-author of the study from UNSW's Water Research Laboratory at the School of Civil & Environmental Engineering. "For this research, we were able to take a completely different angle to complete the bigger picture of how climate cycles impact entire Pacific coasts."

Observing coastal changes from the cosmos

Satellites orbiting the Earth have captured images of the world's coastlines at regular intervals for almost forty years. The researchers developed a new open-source tool called CoastSat, which combines image processing and machine learning algorithms to extract information from every pixel about thousands of sandy beaches along the Pacific rim.

"The tool automatically maps the position of the interface between the sand and water. Doing this over multiple images and beaches, and correcting for the tide, we can discover changes in the coastline over a large temporal and spatial scale and how this correlates with ENSO cycles," says Dr. Kilian Vos, lead author of the study from the Water Research Laboratory.

Credit: University of New South Wales

Using the tool, the researchers processed 38 years of Landsat satellite photos to find correlations in beach width and El Niño and La Niña cycles across more than 8000km of sandy coastline, from the east coast of Australia to the west coast of California and down to Chile.

They found that beaches on the southeast coast of Australia narrow during prolonged La Niña, while they widen-or accrete-during El Niño periods. But beaches on the other side of the Pacific experience the opposite effect-eroding during El Nino and recovering during La Niña.

"While our study is looking at the average behavior of sandy beaches correlated with the ENSO cycle, this is consistent with what we've observed, for example, with the recent triple-dip La Niña in Australia, where successive coastal storms have been stripping sand from beaches along the NSW and QLD coastlines," says Dr. Vos.

Forecasting coastal erosion risk

The researchers say understanding the impact of ENSO cycles on different coasts of the Pacific can help coastal managers and residents anticipate coastal erosion risks and prepare with protection measures like beach nourishment.

The study can help coastal managers and residents anticipate coastal erosion risks. Credit: Water Research Laboratory

"Sandy coasts are some of the most dynamic and populated environments on the planet. In some conditions, they can completely disappear overnight and take years to come back," Dr. Vos says.

"It's essential we continue to monitor them through studies like this which help inform how we can manage our beaches, which provide a buffer between ocean waves and the high-value infrastructure around them.

"If you're a tourist looking to spend a holiday on the beach, it might be worth looking at the ENSO forecast as it might give you an indication of where to expect wide sandy beaches."

Dr. Harley also leads the CoastSnap citizen science project, where community members share their shoreline photos to create new insights into how beaches respond to changing conditions.

The researchers plan to further analyze the data from both projects to uncover insights on how beaches respond to waves, sea levels and climate change as close to real-time as possible.

"Some studies suggest climate change will alter ENSO patterns, which may affect how coastlines change further, in terms of intensification of these erosion and accretion effects, or a shift in where they occur," Dr. Harley.

"Using all these incredible data sources from space and the community, we can continue to increase our understanding of how our coastlines are changing now and in the future."

More information: Kilian Vos et al, Pacific shoreline erosion and accretion patterns controlled by El Niño/Southern Oscillation, Nature Geoscience (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41561-022-01117-8

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Beach erosion: Satellites reveal how climate cycles impact coastlines

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Researchers from UNSW Sydney have analyzed millions of satellite photos to observe changes in beaches across the Pacific Ocean. The findings, published in Nature Geoscience today (Feb. 10), reveal for the first time how coastlines respond to different phases of the El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle.

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 The loss of land along the shoreline due to the natural removal of beach and dune material in response to changing wave and water level conditions.  

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 The loss of land along the shoreline due to the natural removal of beach and dune material in response to changing wave and water level conditions.  

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How does it destroy stuff with such ease?

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How does it destroy stuff with such ease?

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Coastal erosion is caused by rising sea levels and can cause houses falling into the ocean

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Why does it happen?

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Water attacks the coast and deals damage which causes houses to fall

# data[].attributes.subject
Water attacks the coast and deals damage which causes houses to fall

# data[].attributes.headline
Coastal erosion is the process by which local sea level rise, strong wave action, and coastal flooding wear down or carry away rocks, soils, and/or sands along the coast

# data[].attributes.subject
Coastal erosion is the process by which local sea level rise, strong wave action, and coastal flooding wear down or carry away rocks, soils, and/or sands along the coast

# data[].attributes.body
Coastal erosion can damage houses and smashes against rocks

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It is caused by constant waves crashing into the rocks.

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That it can affect houses by destroying them into the ocean

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That it can affect houses by destroying them into the ocean

# data[].attributes.headline
It's caused by wind and high tide and swell

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It's caused by wind and high tide and swell

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Global warming melts the water which increase the water level 

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Global warming melts the water which increase the water level 

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I want to know ways we can prevent coastal beach erosion.

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I want to know ways we can prevent coastal beach erosion.

# data[].attributes.body
Coastal causes alot of damage to beaches and houses.

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How will it affect people living close to the beach or animals?

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How will it affect people living close to the beach or animals?

# data[].attributes.body
I know that costal erosion is caused by the waves crashing against the rocks or cliffs causing it to slowly crumble and houses can sometimes come down with it.

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How does it effect the housing around the beach?

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It happens when sea level rise and it ends up making the sand higher

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It happens when sea level rise and it ends up making the sand higher