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Fiber evidence taken during the Stephen Lawrence Murder investigation.  GClark

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Fibers are the small, thread-like objects that are significantly longer than they are wide and can consist of a slew of materials. - Ariana Curry

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Fiber evidence is another form that can be used to determine whether two people came into contact with one another or if a person was in a certain location. Many different items can leave fiber evidence. Fibers are simply thin filaments of material that can be either organic or synthetic- Clinton Dennis

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number 9- Clinton Dennis

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number 7- Clinton Dennis

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Place fibers in a small bill box, glass vial, or other tightly sealed container. Fibers may also be placed in small folded paper bindles. (Page 2 of 4) - Ariana Curry

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The most common methods used to collect fiber evidence include:
• Visual collection. On some surfaces, fibers can be seen with the naked eye. Through the use of forceps and paper, the sample can be removed from the surface and placed onto a clean piece of paper that can be folded and packaged in a paper envelope.
• Tape lifting. Trace tapes are available for the collection of trace fiber evidence. The tape is applied to the location of the suspected sample, removed, and packaged.
• Vacuuming. The area where the suspected sample are located is vacuumed and evidence is caught in a filtered trap attached to the vacuum.
- Ariana Curry

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Home > 3. Evidence Collection > Hair and Fiber

The most common methods used to collect hair and fiber evidence include the following:

Visual collection. On some surfaces, hairs and fibers can be seen with the naked eye. Through use of clean forceps and paper (i.e., trace paper), the sample can be removed from the surface and placed into a clean piece of paper that can be folded and packaged in a paper envelope.

Tape lifting. Trace tapes are available for the collection of trace hair and fiber evidence. The tape is applied to the location of the suspected sample, removed and packaged.

Vacuuming. The area where the suspected samples are located is vacuumed and evidence is caught in a filtered trap attached to the vacuum. These samples are packaged in clean trace paper for submission to the laboratory. Vacuuming is the least desirable collection method because there is a risk of cross-contamination if the equipment is not properly cleaned between each use.

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Home > 3. Evidence Collection > Hair and Fiber The most common methods used to collect hair and fiber evidence include the following: Visual collection. On some surfaces, hairs and fibers can be seen with the naked eye.

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Fiber evidence was taken during the Wayne Williams case to determine rather he was gulity of murder. - Ariana Curry

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Wayne Bertram Williams: Atlanta Child Killer Police circulated this photo at the time showing victims of the Atlanta killings. Photo from CNN Forensic Fiber Analysis Case Study The best-known, if not the best-reasoned fiber case in American legal history involving fiber evidence issues is the Wayne Williams trial growing out of the famous Atlanta murders of twelve African-American males in 1979-1980. The Williams case involved all of the subjects still in controversy as we enter the world of forensic science and forensic evidence in the 21st century (Kiely 142).

Wayne Bertram Williams was born on in Atlanta Georgia on May 27, 1958. Both his parents, Faye and Homer Williams were both school teachers. Wayne graduated from high school with honors and attended Georgia State University for a year. He had dreams of making it big in the music industry and he was running his own business as a talent scout. He earned money by doing odd jobs and selling photos of accidents to the local newspapers. Wayne William's Flyer Provided by: Atlanta's Missing &amp; Murdered

Between 1979 and 1981, the city of Atlanta had a series of atrocious murders affecting African-American male children in the low income areas of the city. Over 30 children were reported missing in a 22-month period beginning of July 1979, and many children's lifeless bodies were recovered, in the Chattahoochee River, alongside dirt roads, and in abandoned buildings, with the exception of one that is still missing, (Kiely 143). Most of the children were brutally assaulted and strangled. These murders were known as the Atlanta Child Murders.

The FBI became interested when it became more evident that these murders were linked, as the victims were from the same geographical area, most have died from strangulation, and green-yellowish fibers were found on many of the children's bodies. The police enforcement agency started surveillance over bridges that crossed the Chattahoochee River because a large number of the bodies were ditched in the river. In the morning on Friday, May 22, 1981, two police officers were on a stakeout on the James Jackson Parkway Bridge.

One officer, Freddie Jacobs saw a 1970 Chevrolet station wagon slowly cross over the bridge than pull into a liquor store parking lot, turned around, and was crossing back over the bridge. The other police officer, Bob Campbell saw the car lights switched off and the car stop. He then heard a huge splash in the water and saw ripples in the water when the car lights were switched back on and commenced driving across the bridge. At that time the police office radioed the FBI Agent Greg Gilliland, the agent pulled over the station wagon and the driver was Wayne Williams.

Williams had some story that he was trying to locate a woman's house he had an appointment with the next day. The FBI and the police found the address to be non-existent and the phone number was wrong. Two days later, Nathaniel Cater's body was pulled from the Chattahoochee River. At that time the police were watching Williams while waiting for search warrants for the home and the cars. The FBI had collected an enormous amount of fibers collected as evidence from the deceased victims. The FBI wanted to see if any of the fibers matched Williams' cars and home.

The FBI got search warrants to enter Williams home and vehicles to take and compare the samples removed from the victims. The prosecutor was reluctant to take Williams to trial on fiber evidence alone; he wanted traditional evidence such as fingerprints or an eyewitness. On June 21, 1981, Wayne Williams was arrested and indicted for the murder of two male adults, Jimmy Payne and Nathaniel Cater. The fiber evidence used to connect Wayne Williams to the murders was taken from Williams, his home, and cars by three state's experts- FBI Agent Harold Deadman, GBI employee Larry Peterson, and Royal Canadian Mounted Police employee Barry Gaudette.

To compare the fibers found in Williams' environment with those found on the victims, the state's experts used a variety of microscopes: In this regard, Agent Deadman, a microanalyst, described which microscopes could be used to compare fibers: 1) a sterobinocular microscope, which can magnify a single fiber about seventy times, and which is used to visually compare fibers; 2) a compound microscope, which can magnify a single fiber approximately 400 to 500 times, and which, like the stereobinocular microscope, is used to visually compare fibers; 3) a comparison microscope, which can magnify two ibers side by side, and which is used to compare the microscope and optical properties of the two fibers; 4) a microspectrophotometer; 5) a polarizing light microscope, which is used to examine the optical properties of fibers in a more discriminating fashion that provided by a comparison microscope; and 60 a fluorescence microscope, which is used to determine the type of light a fiber emits after it has been illuminated with a certain type of light. Additionally, a scanning electron microscope was used occasionally by the state's experts. (Supreme Court)

Agent Deadman testified about the fibers taken from Williams', the cars, and his dwelling. He took samples of fibers from a bedspread, a blanket, and carpeting in Williams' bedroom, fibers from the carpet in a white station wagon and a LTD, trunk liner fibers from a Plymouth and the LTD, fibers from a throw rug and a carpet used on the porch or garage, carpet fibers in a workroom, vacuum sweepings from the station wagon and from Williams' house; fibers from a leather jacket owned by Williams, fibers from a glove that was in the station wagon, toilet seat cover fibers, and fibers from the carpet in the kitchen of Williams' home.

The evidence supplied by the expert state witnesses concluded that seven fiber associations between Wayne Williams and Jimmy Payne. Fibers matching Williams' bedroom bedspread, blanket, and carpet all were found on Payne's' body. In addition, fibers from the station wagon and the throw carpet on the porch were also linked to Payne and Williams. The state expert witnesses testified to the five fibers found on Cater's body to be consistent with the fibers collected in Williams' bedroom, workroom, and station wagon.

Thus linking Cater inside Williams bedroom, workroom, and station wagon. Although there was significant fiber evidence, as set forth above, the court recognized that the principal support for the state's fiber evidence case was expert testimony concerning the alleged uniqueness of two types of carpet fibers recovered and analyzed by the state's experts: the green nylon carpet in Williams' bedroom, and the green-black rayon floorboard carpet of the 1970 Chevrolet station wagon Williams was driving the night he was discovered near the Jackson Parkway bridge (Kiely 150).

The carpet found in Williams' bedroom was central to the forensic fiber testimony in the case, being referenced as unique in its textile makeup and in its pattern of commercial manufacture, sale, and subsequent distribution (Kiely 150). Deadman concluded that there was a one in 7792 chance of randomly selecting a home in the Atlanta area and finding a room containing carpet similar to the Williams bedroom carpet. Regarding the green-black 1970 Chevrolet carpet, both Deadman and his fellow expert Peterson testified that they had information indicating that in the Atlanta area only 620 out of over two million cars had that type of carpet.

Deadman explained that this data had been supplied by the General Motors Corporation (Kiely 151). The strong association of having fibers rare, unique, and uncommon make the probability factor higher and more believable (Saferstein). The jury saw the significance of the fiber evidence in linking Williams with Payne and Cater in his home and car. It took the jury 12 hours to decide Wayne Williams fate. On February 27, 1982, the jury found Wayne Williams guilty for murdering Payne and Cater. He was sentenced two consecutive terms of life imprisonment (Wiki).

Wayne Williams' has appealed to the Supreme Court of Georgia and was not granted a new trial. | Works Cited Photo 1. CNN. Justice. Atlanta Child Murders. June 1, 2010. Source: Homicide Task Force. http://www. cnn. com/2010/CRIME/05/31/atlanta. murders. victims/index. html Photo 2. Atlanta's Missing &amp; Murdered. http://atkid. weebly. com/map-people-of-interest. html Kiely, Terrence. Forensic Evidence: Science and the Criminal Law, Second Edition. New York: CRC Press, 2005: 142 -153. Print. Supreme Court of Georgia.

Wayne Bertram Williams v. The State. December 5, 1983. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wayne Williams. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wayne_Williams Saferstein, Richard. Criminalistics An Introduction to Forensic Science. Ninth Edition, New Jersey: Pearson, 2007. Print. Atlanta Child Murders In Memory A jury found Wayne Williams guilty of murdering: Nathaniel Cater, 28 Jimmy Ray Payne, 21 Police attributed these deaths to Williams (closed cases): Alfred Evans, 13 Yusef Bell, 9 Eric Middlebrooks, 14 Christopher Richardson, 12

Aaron Wyche, 10 Anthony Carter, 9 Earl Terrell, 11 Clifford Jones, 13 Charles Stephens, 12 Aaron Jackson, 9 Patrick Rogers, 16 Lubie Geter, 14 Terry Pue, 15 Patrick Baltazar, 11 Curtis Walker, 13 Jo Jo Bell, 15 Timothy Hill, 13 Eddie Duncan, 21 Larry Rogers, 20 Michael McIntosh, 23 John Porter, 28 William Barrett, 17 These cases remain open: Edward Smith, 14 Milton Harvey, 14 Jeffery Mathis, 10 Missing person whose body was never found: Darron Glass, 10 http://www. cnn. com/2010/CRIME/05/31/atlanta. murders. victims/index. html

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Wayne Williams: Atlanta Child Killer Fiber Forensics Study Example | GraduateWay

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Wayne Bertram Williams: Atlanta Child Killer Police circulated this photo at the time showing victims of the Atlanta killings. Photo from CNN Forensic Fiber Analysis Case Study The best-known, if not the best-reasoned fiber case in American legal history involving fiber evidence issues is the Wayne Williams trial growing out of the famous Atlanta murders of twelve African-American males in 1979-1980.

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This article talks about the Forensic Automotive Carpet Fiber Identification Database which is a database being developed by the Laboratory Division of the FBI. - Ariana Curry

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Fiber Database shown in the link above- Clinton Dennis

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ATF Trace Evidence Unit Reference Collections

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)

Collections of various trace evidence samples; automotive paint pigments, human hair, animal hair, fibers, black spray paint, silicone adhesive, electrical tape, and duct tape. Collections include various automotive paint pigments, human hair, animal hair, fibers (hundreds), black spray paints (~10), silicone adhesives (30-50), electrical tape (30-40), and duct tape (20-30).

Collection can be accessed by emailing POC.

Some samples (i.e. human and animal hair) are steadily accumulated. Others (i.e. black spray paint, silicone adhesives) are collected for a specific case. Samples are collected from various sources, including volunteers, casework, and commercial vendors.

Physical samples.

Leonora Bender
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms,
and Explosives (ATF)
202.648.6146

Digital Automotive Image System (DAIS)

Automobile Identification

Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) -- Digital Evidence Laboratory

A digital system, which fits entirely on one DVD, with photos and data of motor vehicles commercially manufactured in the last twenty years. Used in image analysis to provide opinions as to whether a car in a photo could be a particular make, model, or year car. Collection of images of make, model and year of cars. Includes front, side, and rear photos of motor vehicles and accompanying data. The software can generate "Be On the Lookout"-type posters and produce photo lineups. DAIS contains thousands of records.

User must request a DVD from the FBI. Database can then be downloaded from DVD and installed on an unlimited number of computers. The data is searchable by vehicle category, body style, number of doors, and other characteristics. CDs are available up request to law enforcement only.

Images are obtained per contract with Southwest Research Institute through TSWG.

Digital records.

EPA NEIC Asbestos Collection

Asbestos, Silicate Mineral

Private Collection, Owner works for EPA NEIC

Self-maintained, private collection of asbestos samples. Owner is willing and has provided samples to requesting parties on occasion. The collection contains 20-40 asbestos samples collected from mines in North America (Vermont, Quebec, North Carolina, Arizona), rockshops, and bookshops.

Contact the POC/Owner. Physical samples are available for some, but not all, of the collection's specimens. Currently only used internally and for educational purposes in court. Any outsider with a legetimate cause can request access.

Samples collected from caves, or purchases in rockshops and bookshops by the collection owner.

Physical samples.

Peggy Forney,
Collection Owner
National Enforcement
Investigations Center,
EPAC
Chemist
303.462.9110

European Collection of Automotive Paints (EUCAP)

Paint, Automobile Identification

The French Police Lab maintains the database; data analysis is performed by the Federal Criminal Police Force of Germany (BKA).

A searchable collection of paint samples removed from primarily salvage vehicles by law enforcement laboratory participants throughout Europe. Paint samples collected by European Law Enforcement Agencies.

The database can be accessed via the internet via a secure ID and password assigned by the French Police Lab.

FBI Lab - Fiber Library

Fibers

Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) -- FBI Laboratory

Database of FTIR spectra of textile fibers used to identify fiber types. Database includes 86 records. Each record includes FTIR spectra. Physical samples of fibers are also held.

Library is stored in FBI's version of the OMNIC library search software (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.). Outside agencies can request FBI Trace Evidence staff to carry out analysis by contacting POC. No cost to access; outside labs and agencies can submit requests to FBI.

Most of the fiber samples were obtained from Collaborative Testing Services (a commercial company).

Digital records and physical samples.

FBI Lab - Forensic Automobile Carpet Database (FACD)

Fibers, Automobile Identification

Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) -- FBI Laboratory

A collection of carpet fibers removed from vehicles. Fibers are entered into a centralized searchable database that is used to provide investigative make/model/year information. Collection includes about 800 samples of known automobile carpet fibers. Records include microscopic characteristics including cross-section, diameter, color as seen through microscope, IR microscopy, microspectrometry.

Sample is first analyzed and a search is carried out using a Microsoft Access database. The sample is then compared with physical samples of possible matches. Outside law enforcement agencies will be able to submit evidence for analysis by the FBI. No cost to access; outside labs and agencies can submit requests to FBI.

Fibers come from personally-owned vehicles, manufactures, and junkyards.

Digital records and physical samples.

Stephen Shaw
Federal Bureau
of Investigations,
FBI Laboratory
703.632.7706 stephen.shaw@
ic.fbi.gov

International Forensic Automotive Paint Data Query (PDQ)

Paint, Automobile Identification

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)-- Forensic Laboratory Services

The International Forensic Automotive Paint Data Query (PDQ) database is a centralized, searchable database of chemical and color information of original automotive paints. Search results provide make/model/year information. PDQ contains foreign and domestic automotive paint samples from ~13,000 vehicles and ~50,000 layers of paint. Most paint samples consist of four layers typically used for an automotive job. Contains majority of post-1973 vehicles marketed in the US.

Access is granted through a program updated and released by RCMP annually through a CD release. Law enforcement agencies interested in PDQ who are not already members can contact PDQ directly by email. Partnering agencies also have access to physical samples by request. Use of the PDQ is for bona fide law enforcement agencies only that perform forensic paint examinations as part of criminal investigations. "Payment" for access to the database is the submission of 60 samples to PDQ each year. In addition, users must sign a non-disclosure agreement.

Every accessing institution must submit 60 paint samples per year, these usually come from vehicles at body shops or junk yards or manufacturers. Samples are also collected directly from some automotive companies.

Samples are analyzed for their identifying chemical properties, and this information is stored digitally. Physical samples are available by request (see more information).

Email PDQ:

Mark Sandercock
Manager, Trace Evidence
Operations Support
National Centre for
Forensic Services -
AlbertaRoyal Canadian
Mounted Police
780.451.7418
mark.
sandercock@
rcmp-grc.gc.ca

Diana Wright
Federal Bureau
of Investigations,
FBI Laboratory
703.632.7418

Locke Scientific - GRIM Glass Standards

Glass

Locke Scientific (commercial)

Glass standards for GRIM.

Standards can be purchased for use in the laboratory.

Physical samples.

Susan Gross
Minnesota BCA
Chemistry Supervisor
651.793.2900
sue.t.gross@
state.mn.us

McCrone Microscopes & Accessories - Slide Sets

Reference Materials/ Standards

McCrone Microscopes & Accessories (commercial)

Microscope company stocks a number of slide sets that serve as reference collections for forensic analysis. Sets include a paint pigment set, particle set, fiber reference sets, white powder set, and an asbestos reference set. Paint Pigment Set - 50 samplesFiber Reference Set - 100 samplesAsbestos Reference Set - 25 samples; includes materials that contain asbestosParticle Reference Set - 100 samplesWhite Powder Set - 25 samples

Standard reference materials and slide sets can be searched and purchased on the website. Paint Pigment Set - $325.00; Fiber Reference Set - $725.00; Asbestos Reference Set - $450.00; Particle Reference Set - $725.00; White Powder Set - $300.00

Samples in each slide set are selected by based on most commonly seen specimen for each category.

Physical samples purchased from an online catalogue.

MicroTrace - SRM Collections

Reference Materials/ Standards

MicroTrace Scientific (commercial)

Company that sells reference material collections and slide sets. Reference materials include forensic fiber reference collection, natural fiber collection, hair and fur collection, forensic mineral analysis slide set, and automotive pigment reference collection. Reference Collections- Fiber Reference Collection: 200 traceable, authenticated synthetic fibers- The Arbidar Animal Hair and Fur Collection: 80 animal hair samples from around the world representing 49 genera- The Arbidar Natural Fiber Collection:80 samples representing a wide variety of natural fibers including vegetable fibers, animal fur fibers used in textiles, silks, and papersSlide Reference Collections:- Forensic Mineral Reference Collection: approximately 40 slides of minerals that are forensically significant- Automotive Pigment Reference Collection: approximately 40 slides of paint pigments from automotive manufacturers

Standard reference materials can be searched and purchased on the website. Cost varies by product; legitimate forensic laboratories can purchase.

N/A

Physical samples are available for purchase through the online catalog.

Microtrace LLC
790 Fletcher Drive
Suite 106
Elgin, IL 60123-4755
847.742.9909

National Automotive Paint File (NAPF)

Paint, Automobile Identification

Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) -- FBI Laboratory

A physical collection of automotive paint panels acquired and maintained by the FBI's Chemistry Unit for use in casework. NAPF is a physical collection of paint color standards and/or full system paint panels (as a vehicle would be painted, not just the top coats). It contains approximately 14,000 automotive paint panels.

NAPF is used in an investigation to make a physical comparison of evidentiary paint chips to known paint colors to aid in identifying possible vehicle makes and models in hit-and-run investigations. The FBI Lab may be able to provide small samples of specific vehicle colors to other law enforcement agencies if that agency has some knowledge of the specific color or model they are seeking.

Automotive manufacturers provide these physical samples free of charge to the FBI Lab for all vehicles available for purchase in North America. This does not include commercial vehicles such as trucks, buses, motorcycles or RVs.

NAPF is not a database; physical samples are available.

Diana Wright
Federal Bureau
of Investigations,
FBI Laboratory
703.632.7418

National Forensic Tape File (NFTF)

Tape

Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) -- FBI Laboratory

The National Forensic Tape File is used for determining the manufacturer and/or product for duct tape sourcing requests and is also a repository for samples used in the FBI duct tape and electrical tape discrimination studies. ~500 tape samples stored in-house in plastic bags and plastic bins in a storage cabinet. Physical properties and/or chemical composition can be searched in SLICE software to determine potential manufacturer/product candidates, and then those candidates can be pulled out of NFTF for a direct comparison to the unknown sample.

The Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) and FBI both use SLICE software to interact with digital tape records. - FDLE and FBI are willing to share their digital records with other forensic scientists that have SLICE and are willing to share/exchange samples.- For a laboratory without the SLICE software, the FBI can conduct the analysis for them as long as it adheres to the case acceptance policy. Case Acceptance Policy: Usually if it's a case that has FBI jurisdiction, they will accept it and perform the analysis. If the lab has its own capabilities, then it must do the analysis itself (but FBI and FDLE will share/exchange data and samples).

Manufacturers provide rolls free of charge (majority of samples) or samples are purchased. A new roll is assigned a sequential number, put into a storage cabinet, its paperwork is filed, and then it is analyzed and data is put into SLICE.

Digital records can be shared through the SLICE software. Physical samples are maintained in-house.

Andria Mehltretter
Federal Bureau
of Investigations,
FBI Laboratory
703.632.7415
andria.
mehltretter@
ic.fbi.gov

Polyethylene Repository & Information Database for Evdience (PRIDE)

Plastic Bags

Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) -- FBI Laboratory

Repository of polyethylene reference samples. Examples include trash bags and sandwich bags. Database can be used to determine the possible manufacturer of a bag used at a crime scene. Collection includes approximately 1,000 samples of polyethylene bags.

There is a standalone system at the FBI Laboratory Questioned Documents Unit. The QDU will search the system to fulfill outside requests. Outside agencies submit the questioned specimen for QDU to do analysis. No cost to access; outside law enforcement agencies can submit requests to the FBI.

Samples were obtained as part of a research project for development of the database. Additional samples are provided by the program manager. Submitted samples are not added to PRIDE because manufacturer information is unknown.

Digital records and physical samples.

Meg McHenrymarguerite.mchenry [at] ic.fbi.gov (marguerite.
Federal Bureau
of Investigations,
FBI Laboratory
703.632.7283

mchenry@
ic.fbi.gov)

Contacts if agencies have questions:

FBI Questioned
Documents Unit:
703.632.8444

FBI Evidence Control: 703.632.8360

Powder Diffraction File (PDF)

Powders

International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD)

Database of powder diffraction data for the identification of crystalline materials. The database can be purchased in different versions. Collection includes 715,953 total records, broken down into numerous libraries that the user can purchase depending on user needs (basic version, advanced version, and mineral and organics add-ons). Diffraction, crystallographic, and bibliographic data are kept on each data set. Select physical properties are also kept.

PDF can be purchased as a standalone version on user's PC (depending on version). User must first purchase a license (1 year for advanced version, 5 years for basic version). For sales information, call the number listed or visit the website. Pricing information for various packages appears on the brochure. Product may be purchased after agreeing to the licensing terms.

The following institutions are collaborative partners on PDF:- International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD); Newtown Square, PA- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC); Cambridge, UK, Cambridge Structural Database (CSD)- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Gaithersburg, MD- Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe (FIZ); Karlsruhe, Germany, Crystal Structure Database (ICSD)- Material Phases Data System (MPDS); Vitznau, Switzerland, Linus Pauling File (LPF)

Digital records.

TireGuides, Inc. - Tread Design Guide

Impressions

Tire Guides, Inc. (commercial)

Database of tire tread designs utilized to provide investigative lead information on possible make and model for unknown impressions. The Tread Design Guide shows tread patterns for all types of tires sold in the U.S.*A comprehensive Visual Identification of all types of Tire Tread Pattern Designs.*Covers Passenger, Light Truck and Medium Truck vehicles.*Includes Off-Road and Agricultural Tread Patterns.*Also covers Motorcycle and retread tire tread designs.*Provides information on how to read a tire sidewall and on the different Tire Sizing Systems.*Gives detailed information on Speed-Rating and Load Indexes as well as lug nut torque and tightening sequences.*Back Issues available.

The individual guides can be purchased as a hardcopy book. A computerized version is also available. Contact Tire Guides Inc. by phone or through the URL. Price Quantity (from website)$28.00 1 - 4 $27.00 5 - 9 $25.00 10 - 24 $24.00 25 - 99

Tread patterns and other information compiled for tires sold in the U.S..

Digital records.

Tire Guides Inc. -
Tire Information Center
1101 South Rogers Circle
Ste 6
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2748 561.997.9229
tireinfo@
tireguides.com

TSWG Sponsored FIU Glass Database

Glass, Elemental Analysis

Florida International University, sponsored by the Technical Support Working Group

The database assesses the relative frequency that two glass samples from different sources would have the same elemental profile. The purpose of this database is to provide glass examiners a view of the frequency of occurrence of elemental composition for ~700 different glass samples originating from different sources. The database contains elemental analysis data for 12 elements for ~ 700 glass samples from manufacturers, distributors, and vehicle junkyards. Samples include: containers, float, headlamp, and vehicle glasses.

The database is not designed to be searched for casework in the way that other forensic databases (i.e. PDQ) but rather, it is to be used by researchers to estimate the probability of a random occurrence of elemental composition for different glass sources. Two plasma mass spectrometers are used to perform an elemental analysis of glass. Freely available to agencies and researchers with a reasonable cause.

Samples are collected from manufacturers, distributors, and vehicle junkyards. The data was collected from a single laboratory (FIU) as part of a research project.

Digital data records.

Dr. Jose Almirall, Professor
Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry,
Florida International
University
305.348.3917

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ATF Trace Evidence Unit Reference Collections Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) Collections of various trace evidence samples; automotive paint pigments, human hair, animal hair, fibers, black spray paint, silicone adhesive, electrical tape, and duct tape.

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Daniel J. Sullivan. Mr. Henriquez: Bronx Trial

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Daniel J. Sullivan. Mr. Henriquez: Bronx Trial

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The case of Daniel J. Sullivan. Mr. Henrique- Clinton Dennis

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Credit... The New York Times Archives

This is a digitized version of an article from The Times's print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them.

Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions.

Prosecutors in the case against Alejandro Henriquez presented their strongest evidence to a Bronx jury yesterday: hair and fiber samples they say physically link the defendant to all three victims he is accused of strangling.

In a case that has been largely circumstantial, a police expert, Francis X. Callery, testified that three strands of hair found on the clothing of one victim, 14-year-old Shamira Bello, matched that of Mr. Henriquez. Using charts and slides that dramatically showed the similarities, he also said that fibers found on three victims matched those in a vacuum cleaner in Mr. Henriquez's apartment or on a spool of red thread that according to other testimony had been in his apartment.

In a long cross-examination, the defense lawyer, Mel A. Sachs, grilled the police expert in sometimes patronizing tones, asking repeatedly how the samples tied the crimes to Mr. Henriquez.

"Hair and fiber comparisons, are they the same as DNA?" Mr. Sachs asked Detective Callery.

"No sir," Detective Callery said.

"And hair and fiber samples aren't the same as fingerprints, as you stated before?" Mr. Sachs asked.

"That's correct," the detective said. Defense Is to Start Today

The testimony came four weeks after the trial against Mr. Henriquez began in Supreme Court in the Bronx before Justice Daniel J. Sullivan. Mr. Henriquez, a 31-year-old livery-car driver, is accused of killing three young victims whom he befriended in his Bronx neighborhood: Shamira Bello, Jessica Guzman, 10, and Lisa Ann Rodriguez, 21.

Mr. Sachs is expected to begin his defense today, with the case going to the jury of 11 men and 1 woman early next week.

The jury also heard testimony from a police handwriting expert who said that Mr. Henriquez had written a note he reportedly gave to his nephew while in jail in early 1991. The expert, Detective John R. Sardone, was called to strengthen earlier testimony from the nephew, John Anthony Ramirez, who said that his uncle had tried to get him to call the police and news organizations to persuade them that the killer was still on the loose.

The note was apparently intended as a script for Mr. Ramirez to read on the phone to the police and news organizations. The note, released by prosecutors yesterday, read in part: "I called you to worn you put you didn't listen. I will strik again were when how. But soon my this time youll belive me . . . I will stop when I reah Big 13. So far luckey 7 ha ha ha ha hang up."

Under questioning from the prosecutor, Edward J. Talty, Detective Callery, the hair and fiber expert, also said that red synthetic fibers found on Shamira Bello's body were identical to those found in a red Mercedes Benz owned at one time by Mr. Henriquez. The detective also catalogued each of the other matching fibers: white, blue, gray and colorless fibers, both natural and synthetic, found on Miss Rodriguez's body that matched those in a vacuum cleaner in Mr. Henriquez's apartment on Delanoy Avenue in the Bronx. Thread Is an Issue

And both Shamira Bello and Jessica Guzman were found with red fibers that Detective Callery said matched thread on a spool found in the apartment of Mr. Henriquez's wife, Andrea Rosario. Ms. Rosario testified earlier that she had the spools at the time she lived with Mr. Henriquez.

But Mr. Sachs ridiculed the notion that thread on a spool could be used as proof in a murder case.

"Name one case where a spool of thread was used as a basis of comparison with a fiber found on a person's body?" Mr. Sacks asked Detective Callery.

"This is the only one that I have done," the detective said.

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Fiber Evidence Links Defendant To 3 Victims at a Bronx Trial (Published 1992)

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This is a digitized version of an article from The Times's print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions.

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As discussed previously, fibers are considered a form of trace evidence that can be transferred from the clothing of a suspect to the clothing of a victim during the commission of a crime. -SeltonF

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Fibers are gathered from a crime scene using tweezers, tape, or a vacuum. ... Once fibers are collected, they are brought to a lab and then placed under a microscope, where they are compared against fibers from a suspected source. -SeltonF

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The Federal Bureau of Investigation identifies fiber as the smallest unit of a textile material that has a length many times greater than its diameter. Fibers can be natural (derived from plants and animals) or synthetic (man-made). Plant-based fibers include cotton, flax, jute, and hemp. The most common animal fiber is sheep wool, but this category could include fibers from other animals, including mohair, cashmere, alpaca, and camel. More than half the fibers used in the production of textiles are synthetic, and include nylon, rayon, and polyester. Identifying rare or unusual fibers at a crime scene has increased in significance, as it may place a suspect at the scene of the crime.

Fibers are gathered from a crime scene using tweezers, tape, or a vacuum. The most common sources of transferred fibers are clothing, drapes, rugs, furniture, and blankets. Once fibers are collected, they are brought to a lab and then placed under a microscope, where they are compared against fibers from a suspected source.

Several factors are taken into account when analyzing fiber evidence. These are the type of fiber, the number of fibers present, the color of the fiber, how the fiber was transferred, and the location of the fiber in the crime scene. Each category is carefully considered, as any evidence is potentially incriminating. By matching fibers at the scene of a crime to items belonging to a suspect, investigators are able to place individuals at a crime scene.

The problem with fiber evidence (particularly when discussing clothing) is that cloth items are generally mass produced. The only way determine that a fiber came from a particular piece of cloth is to know without a doubt that the item is unique, or to actually witness the transfer of the fibers. That said, the likelihood that a garment with the exact same color, texture, weave, and material would be at a crime scene is astronomically low. A case cannot be solved with fiber evidence alone, but when coupled with additional evidence, fiber is influential in solving a case.

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The Federal Bureau of Investigation identifies fiber as the smallest unit of a textile material that has a length many times greater than its diameter. Fibers can be natural (derived from plants and animals) or synthetic (man-made). Plant-based fibers include cotton, flax, jute, and hemp. The most common animal fiber is sheep wool, but this...

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Identifying rare or unusual fibers at a crime scene has increased in significance, as it may place a suspect at the scene of the crime. Fibers are gathered from a crime scene using tweezers, tape, or a vacuum. -SeltonF

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The Federal Bureau of Investigation identifies fiber as the smallest unit of a textile material that has a length many times greater than its diameter. Fibers can be natural (derived from plants and animals) or synthetic (man-made). Plant-based fibers include cotton, flax, jute, and hemp. The most common animal fiber is sheep wool, but this category could include fibers from other animals, including mohair, cashmere, alpaca, and camel. More than half the fibers used in the production of textiles are synthetic, and include nylon, rayon, and polyester. Identifying rare or unusual fibers at a crime scene has increased in significance, as it may place a suspect at the scene of the crime.

Fibers are gathered from a crime scene using tweezers, tape, or a vacuum. The most common sources of transferred fibers are clothing, drapes, rugs, furniture, and blankets. Once fibers are collected, they are brought to a lab and then placed under a microscope, where they are compared against fibers from a suspected source.

Several factors are taken into account when analyzing fiber evidence. These are the type of fiber, the number of fibers present, the color of the fiber, how the fiber was transferred, and the location of the fiber in the crime scene. Each category is carefully considered, as any evidence is potentially incriminating. By matching fibers at the scene of a crime to items belonging to a suspect, investigators are able to place individuals at a crime scene.

The problem with fiber evidence (particularly when discussing clothing) is that cloth items are generally mass produced. The only way determine that a fiber came from a particular piece of cloth is to know without a doubt that the item is unique, or to actually witness the transfer of the fibers. That said, the likelihood that a garment with the exact same color, texture, weave, and material would be at a crime scene is astronomically low. A case cannot be solved with fiber evidence alone, but when coupled with additional evidence, fiber is influential in solving a case.

Back to Crime Library

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The Federal Bureau of Investigation identifies fiber as the smallest unit of a textile material that has a length many times greater than its diameter. Fibers can be natural (derived from plants and animals) or synthetic (man-made). Plant-based fibers include cotton, flax, jute, and hemp. The most common animal fiber is sheep wool, but this...

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As discussed previously, fibers are considered a form of trace evidence that can be transferred from the clothing of a suspect to the clothing of a victim during the commission of a crime. -SeltonF

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Biology Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online

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Definition
noun, plural: body fluids
Any fluid found in a living organism
Supplement
A body fluid refers to any fluid produced by a living organism. In humans, the body fluid can be classified into two major types according to location: (1) intracellular fluid and (2) extracellular fluid.
The extracellular fluid is the body fluid located outside the cell(s). It makes up about 26% of the total body water composition in humans. Intravascular fluid (blood plasma), interstitial fluid, lymph and transcellular fluid make up the extracellular fluid. The interstitial fluid, i.e. the fluid filling up the spaces between cells, is the major constituent whereas the transcellular fluid, i.e. the fluid filling up the spaces of chambers formed from the linings of the epithelial cells, is the least. The intracellular fluid is the body fluid located within the cell(s). In humans, intracellular fluid makes up 67% of the total body water composition. It is composed of water, dissolved ions, and other molecules.
Examples of body fluids are as follows:

Last updated on March 1st, 2021

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Body fluid - Definition and Examples - Biology Online Dictionary

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Definition noun, plural: body fluids Any fluid found in a living organism Supplement A body fluid refers to any fluid produced by a living organism. In humans, the body fluid can be classified into two major types according to location: (1) intracellular fluid and (2) extracellular fluid.

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He was convicted of the murder of 12-year-old Kimberly Leach based on fibers found in his van that matched the girl's clothing. Bundy was put to death in 1989. -SeltonF

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Use this year's Resource Guide to help you educate the public about victims' rights, protections, and services.

The guide includes tools, sample materials, and compelling original artwork to help you develop and carry out your public awareness campaign.

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Office of Justice Programs | Office of Justice Programs

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Use this year's Resource Guide to help you educate the public about victims' rights, protections, and services. The guide includes tools, sample materials, and compelling original artwork to help you develop and carry out your public awareness campaign.