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Backyard composting can be defined as a mixture of decaying organic matter, as from leaves and manure, used to improve soil structure and provide nutrients.

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Industrial composting can be defined as an established process for transforming biodegradable waste of biological origin into stable, sanitized products to be used in agriculture through the technologies of, but not limited to, windrow composting, aerated static piles, tunnel composting, and in vessel composting.

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Vermicomposting can be defined as the use of earthworms to convert organic waste into fertilizer.

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Browns can be defined as any organic matter which is rich in carbon, such as any plant waste which is dry, fibrous, hard, and more resistant to decay - considered as slow-burning food for your compost heap.

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Greens can be defined as materials that are rich in nitrogen or protein - they tend to heat up the compost pile because they have microorganisms in the pile that grow and multiply quickly.

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The mesophilic phase and bacteria can be defined as the initial decomposition that is carried out by mesophilic microorganisms, which rapidly break down the soluble, readily degradable compounds - at temperatures above 55 degrees Celsius, many microorganisms that are human or plant pathogens are destroyed.

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The thermophilic phase and bacteria can be defined as when, due to high temperatures, the breakdown proteins, fats, and complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose and hemicellulose.

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The maturation/cooldown phase and bacteria can be defined as when high-energy compounds become exhausted, and the compost temperature gradually decreases and mesophilic microorganisms once again take over for the final phase of 'curing' or maturation of the remaining organic matter.

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Actinomycetes can be defined as Gram-positive mycelial bacteria, known to produce a wide variety of industrially and medically relevant compounds (antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, fungicides, herbicides, and immunosuppressants).

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Some compost uses include using it as mulch, brewing compost tea, feeding fall perennials, feeding spring bulbs, spreading on new or established lawns, topping dress garden beds, and adding to fruit trees.