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Plessy vs. Ferguson was a trial case for Jim Crow when he was arrested for sitting in the whites only section on a train, when he had a grandfather who was black.

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Dred Scott was an African-American who was captured and put into slavery. He sued for his freedom, but he was unsuccessful.

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Abraham Lincoln's presidency was not liked by the South as they saw him as a threat to take away slavery. Because of this conflict the Civil war started on April 13, 1861 and ended with the South surrendering and the 13th amendment being passed.

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Harriet Tubman was an escaped slave who became a conductor for the underground railroad. She helped more than 200 slaves escape to freedom.

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John Marshall was the first supreme court chief justice.

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James Madison was the original author of the constitution, and he also became our fourth president.

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Thomas Jefferson was one of the original authors of the constitution and was also our nation's third president. He made big changes to our government and also to the white house.

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John Locke was the philosopher who came up with the idea of life, liberty, and property. His ideals were put into the declaration of independence.

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Lord Baltimore was the owner of a proprietary colony and hoped this colony was a refuge for Catholics when they were persecuted in England.

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Jim Crow was a man who influenced the Jim Crow's laws when he tried his case when he was arrested on a train for having a grandfather who was an African American. He lost his trial and the Jim Crow laws were put into place stating blacks and whites couldn't marry and there was to be segregation between races.

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Poll taxes were created to ensure African Americans could not vote as they didn't have much money.

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The Freedman's Bureau was created by congress to help newly freed slaves. They provided shelter, food, and jobs.

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The 15th amendment stated African Americans could not be banned from voting.

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The 14th amendment granted citizenship to former slaves.

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The 13th amendment was created during the Reconstruction era and ended slavery.

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This is the period after the civil war where the south had to rebuild the states. They were in debt and needed a new economy.

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This document freed the slaves that were enslaved in states of war. But it did not free slaves entirely.

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Abolition is the idea that all slaves should be free and have rights like everyone else. This idea helped ignite the start of the civil war.

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The Second Great Awakening inspired temperance, abolition, and woman's rights and advocated people reach personal and emotional understanding of God.

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Manifest destiny was the Americans belief that they had the right to take over the whole continent.

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Mormonism was a religion that was persecuted in violent ways. So its founder, Joseph Smith, moved all the mormons to Utah that way they could practice their religion in peace.

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The Trail of Tears was when 1838 and 1839 , Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy was acted upon and the Cherokee nation was forced to give up their territory east of the Mississippi River and instead had to move to present day Oklahoma.

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The Monroe
doctrine states that the western hemisphere was off limits to European countries. They could not colonize in the Americas.

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Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase to increase our nation's land, and it did by doubling the U.S. in size. He had bought the land from Napoleon for $11.85 million.

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The process of reviewing our laws to see if they follow the constitution or not. They are thrown out if they do not follow the constitution.

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The Establishment Clause stated, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion."

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With the free exercise clause, anyone can worship whatever they want to and they won't be punished.

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The Bill of Rights was the original ten amendments of our nation. They stated rights that every citizen has in our nation.

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Federalism is the type of government that separates the power between the states and government, but the government has a bit more power.

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They were people who were against the idea of the constitution. They wanted the power to stay with the states.

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Federalists were supporters of the constitution. They also believed that the power should be split up into branches and that there is a leader of the executive branch.

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The Great Compromise was the result of the argument between the states on representation. The Great Compromise led to the split of Congress into 2 houses, house of representatives and senate.

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The articles of confederation was the first document that unified our new nation

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Natural rights are rights that every human being is born with. These rights helped mold our nations' documents.

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The Declaration of Independence was a written document composed of ideas from the Enlightenment such as natural rights and branches of government.

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The American Revolution was a war between the British and the American colonies. It was sparked due to heavy taxes put on the colonies by the British, and the colonies not being represented

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The sons of liberty led the revolution against the British by boycotting many British goods. They were created after the Townshed act was established.

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This was a seven war between England and its American colonies against the French and Native Americans. This was an expensive war that put England into a lot of debt, and that led to many taxes on the colonies.

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It would be a system of checks and balances, and it would also make sure that all the power would not go to one person. It was split up into three branches.

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The enlightenment was an intellectual revolution that began to challenge authority. It contributed to the start of the American Revolution.