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Fawn Nguyen
CC BY 4.0

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Big-time struggles for my 8th graders on this problem from Five Triangles mathematics.

The one student who got it also struggled, but he was good about our rule of "never tell an answer."

What I gathered from seeing their boards and listening to them explain:

They wanted to find the area of the parallelogram first.

So they needed to find the height.

To find the height, they reasoned that triangle ABC was isosceles, making the perpendicular bisector AY also be the height of the parallelogram. Then they could use the Pythagorean theorem to find AY. (I can't get AB and DC to be exactly 6.00 cm.)

So I showed them the parallelogram below just to be less helpful and to remind them about assuming something is isosceles because it looks it.

Without a clear way to find the height, frustration mounted.

But major props to them for persevering as you can tell from their boards that they tried to dissect the parallelogram into even more pieces in hoping they'd find what the shaded piece would be equal to.

The next day...
I let them struggle some more. They weren't seeing the key pieces (at least to me they were key), so I told them to look at the "relationships" among the pieces. They were pretty sure the diagonals of a parallelogram cut it into 4 triangles of equal area. Then they were stuck again.

I then asked them to construct this parallelogram using Geometer's Sketchpad (GSP) and find the answer to the question posed.

Soon one student asked, "What should the angles be?" I replied, "It doesn't say in the problem, so I don't know. But it is a parallelogram, so make sure you have the same side lengths." Without much trouble, they found the answer.

They also realized that even though they may not have created congruent parallelograms among themselves, they all came up with the answer of 0.17 or 1/6.

Me: So why did I ask you to use GSP to do this?

Student: Because we couldn't do it by hand?

M: Maybe. Or maybe you didn't have enough time. But why do we use GSP in general? What's the difference between doing a construction by hand and doing it using GSP?

S: So we can move things around.

M: Right! It's dynamic! Then this is what I want you all to do. Move things around. Drag the side lengths. Change the side lengths. But while you're doing all this messing around with the parallelogram, I want you to pay attention to the numbers, the measurements.

Not long before many of them chimed in excitedly: The ratio doesn't change! I came by each kid's screen to check their work. (These are my reconstructions of some that I saw.)

To make the most of their construction (and a good problem), I then asked them to find the ratios among all the pieces that they saw.

I wish you could hear them. A bunch of them kept making the same exclamations: So cool! Mind blown.

While only one student found the solution by hand, the rest of them felt pretty good about their construction of parallelograms, and they discovered important relationships among the pieces. Technology came to the rescue.

Here's how I used colored construction papers to help students see the relationships better.

Advantages:

1. Instead of having to write down or say "triangle ABC," "triangle BEC," or "quadrilateral FDGE," I can just refer to each one by color.

2. By not having to follow the letters of ABC or GCE, kids can focus on the visuals and see the relationships more quickly.

3. I can show congruence by placing one piece on top of another.

Something like this:

The diagonals cut the parallelogram into two pairs of congruent triangles. Therefore, each blue is 1/4 of whole. (I reflected each pair so they can see the congruence.)

Below left: green is 1/2 of whole.

Below right: red + yellow = 1/2 of green, or 1/4 of whole, because they share the same height and half the base.

Below right: red + pink is 1/4 of whole (same size as a blue). Since left and right images below are equal in area, and red is red, therefore yellow equals pink.

Blue + yellow (combined) is a similar triangle with pink due to AA postulate. And because their side lengths are 6 to 3, or 2 to 1, then their areas are 4 to 1. Let's call the area of pink as 1, and we learned from above that yellow equals pink, so yellow is also 1. This leaves blue to be 3.

Putting all the pieces together, we have a total area of 12, so the shaded part (red) is 2/12 or 1/6.

I'd like to feature Kate's comment from the old blog:
February 5, 2014 7:28 AM Kate Nowak wrote:

Add to what Robert said, your kids have enough GSP skills to use it to investigate a problem. Kudos! That's a tough trick to pull off.

I did it a different way! I found constructing a supporting parallel line dissected the quadrilateral in a helpful way.
http://www.geogebratube.org/student/m83241
February 10, 2014 12:10 PM fawnnguyen wrote:

Hi Kate. Yay, beautiful work!! We did this activity just last week and one of the kids asked at the start, "How do you find the area of a non-parallelogram or trapezoid [FDEG] anyway?" I replied, "Well, can you divide that shape into other shapes that you can find the areas for?" So, I saw the groups draw in that parallel line that you have. They were able to find the area of pink triangle as 1/8 of whole but struggled with finding area of blue triangle during their paper/pencil work.

Thank you, Kate.

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Technology and Construction Papers are Cool

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Big-time struggles for my 8th graders on this problem from Five Triangles mathematics. The one student who got it also struggled, but he was good about our rule of "never tell an answer." What I gathered from seeing their boards and listening to them explain: They wanted to find the area of the parallelogram first.

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Illustrative Mathematics
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0

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Khan Academy
© 2016 Khan Academy

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Learn for free about math, art, computer programming, economics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, finance, history, and more. Khan Academy is a nonprofit with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.

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Montessori Muddle
CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 US

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Posted July 29, 2011

by Lensyl Urbano

Elegant in its simplicity but profound in its application, the Pythagorean Theorem is one of the fundamentals of geometry. Mathematician Alexander Bogomolny has dedicated a page to cataloging 93 ways of proving the theorem (he also has, on a separate page, six wrong proofs).

Some of the proofs are simple and elegant. Others are quite elaborate, but the page is a nice place to skim through, and Bogomolny has some neat, interactive applets for demonstrations. The Wikipedia article on the theorem also has some nice animated gifs that are worth a look.

Cut the Knot is also a great website to peruse. Bogomolny is quite distraught about the state of math education, and this is his attempt to do something about it. He lays this out in his manifesto. Included in this remarkable window into the mind of a mathematician are some wonderful anecdotes about free vs. pedantic thinking and a collection of quotes that address the question, "Is math beautiful?"

Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth, but supreme beauty - a beauty cold and austere, like that of sculpture, without appeal to any part of our weaker nature, without the gorgeous trappings of painting or music, yet sublimely pure, and capable of a stern perfection such as only the greatest art can show.

- Bertrand Russell (1872-1970), The Study of Mathematics via Cut the Knot.

Citing this post: Urbano, L., 2011. 93 Ways to Prove Pythagoras' Theorem, Retrieved June 1st, 2018, from Montessori Muddle: http://MontessoriMuddle.org/ .
Attribution (Curator's Code ): Via: ᔥ Montessori Muddle; Hat tip: ↬ Montessori Muddle.

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Posted July 29, 2011 by Lensyl Urbano Elegant in its simplicity but profound in its application, the Pythagorean Theorem is one of the fundamentals of geometry. Mathematician Alexander Bogomolny has dedicated a page to cataloging 93 ways of proving the theorem (he also has, on a separate page, six wrong proofs).

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Dr. Carol JVF Burns
Tree O'Math
CC BY-NC 2.5

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A 90° angle is called a right angle. A right triangle is a triangle with a 90° angle. In a right triangle, the side opposite the 90° angle is called the hypotenuse and the remaining two sides are called the legs. The angles in any triangle add up to 180°.

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CC- Attribution Madison Miller

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Standard YouTube License
Posted by 00000000130

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Freakazoid
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© 2016 MakerBot® Industries, LLC

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Proof of the Pythagorean theorem using tangram by Freakazoid

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The Pythagorean theorem is one of the best known formula in school mathmatics and the most important furmula in geometry. It's main thesis is, that the two shorter sides (cathesus) squared are equal to the the longest side (hypothenuse) squared.

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Using Pythagorean Theorem and Trigonometry

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Using Pythagorean Theorem and Trigonometry

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Craig Jamieson
CC BY-SA 4.0
© 2016 OpenEd Inc.

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Assessments, Homework, Lesson Plans, Videos, Games. Over a million resources aligned to Common Core, PARCC, SBAC

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Teach, Assess, and Analyze with the largest K-12 Resource Library

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Math Planet

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The Pythagorean Theorem (Algebra 1, Radical expressions) - Mathplanet

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One of the best known mathematical formulas is Pythagorean Theorem, which provides us with the relationship between the sides in a right triangle. A right triangle consists of two legs and a hypotenuse. The two legs meet at a 90° angle and the hypotenuse is the longest side of the right triangle and is the side opposite the right angle.