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Dystonia

1. Definition: Condition of impaired muscle tone.

2. What word parts are key to help you know what this term means? The prefix dys- which means difficulty and the suffix -ia which means condition.

3. Symptoms (How does the patient know something is wrong?):  The patient with dystonia may have symptoms like twisted postures, turning in of the foot or arm, muscle spasms some with or without pain, and rapid (sometimes rhythmic) jerking movements.

4. Signs (What exam findings are needed to diagnose this condition?):  A genetic test is available to detect the DYT1 gene mutation to confirm a DYT1 dystonia diagnosis.

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Dermatomyositis

1. Definition: Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare inflammatory muscle disease that leads to destruction of muscle tissue usually accompanied by pain and weakness.

2. What word parts are key to help you know what this term means? dermat/o skin  my/o(s) muscle -itis inflammation

3. Symptoms (How does the patient know something is wrong?): distinctive skin rash on the face, chest, nails, or elbows. The rash is patchy and usually a bluish-purple color.

4. Signs (What exam findings are needed to diagnose this condition?):

an MRI to look for abnormal muscles

an electromyography (EMG) to record electrical impulses that control your muscles

a blood analysis to check your levels of muscle enzymes and autoantibodies, which are antibodies that attack normal cells

a muscle biopsy to look for inflammation and other problems associated with the disease in a sample of muscle tissue

a skin biopsy to look for changes caused by the disease in a skin sample

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Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)

1. Definition: disorder with chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue

2. What word parts are key to help you know what this term means? fir/o = fiber my = muscle, -algia = pain

3. Symptoms (How does the patient know something is wrong?): sleep disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, depression, numbness, and chronic headaches

4. Signs (What exam findings are needed to diagnose this condition?): painful trigger points on antecubital fossa, anterior of the clavicle, and base of the skull, cognitive difficulties(fiber fog), impaired coordination, skin sensitivities and rashes, and restless leg syndrome

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Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

1. Definition: Chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body.

2. What word parts are key to help you know what this term means? my- = muscle  -asthenia = weakness

3. Symptoms (How does the patient know something is wrong?): difficulty breathing, seeing, swallowing, chewing, walking, using arms or hands, and holding up their head

4. Signs (What exam findings are needed to diagnose this condition?): facial paralysis, ptosis, myasthenia, test blood for  anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody

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Myofibroma

1. Definition: Tumor composed of fibrous and muscular tissue

2. What word parts are key to help you know what this term means?  My/o =muscle, fibr= fiber, -oma =tumor

3. Symptoms (How does the patient know something is wrong?): Patient has pain in a certain region, can feel and knows that there are lumps

4. Signs (What exam findings are needed to diagnose this condition?):There are lesions in the subcutaneous layers, can visually see and feel the lesions, and can be seen radio graphically. A biopsy and family history can also help diagnose myofibroma.

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Myositis

1. Definition: Inflammation of the muscle tissue, especially skeletal muscles; usually caused by infection, trauma, or parasitic infestation.

2. What word parts are key to help you know what this term means? (CF)my/o=muscle;(S) -itis=inflammation

3. Symptoms (How does the patient know something is wrong?): muscle weakness(myasthenia), fatigue, trouble changing positions, difficulty breathing(dyspnea), and swallowing(dysphagia), rash often on the upper extremities, persistent coughing

4. Signs (What exam findings are needed to diagnose this condition?): the signs are when weakness is observed in the muscles, excessive swelling is seen throughout the site of the myositis, and when pain is observed when touching the body or moving  the body.

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Rhabdomyoma

1. Definition: A benign tumor made up of striated muscular tissue.

2. What word parts are key to help you know what this term means?
my- muscle
-oma- tumor

3. Symptoms (How does the patient know something is wrong?): Does not cause symptoms on their own, they cause problems when they start to interfere with the organs around them.

4. Signs (What exam findings are needed to diagnose this condition?): When the tumor is in the neck, chest, back, limbs, or groin, the first sign might be a lump or swelling. Sometimes it can cause pain, redness, or other problems. While tumors around the eye can cause the eye to bulge out or the child to appear to be cross-eyed. Vision might be affected as well.

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Rheumatism

1. Definition: General term used for to describe conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and pain in joints.

2. What word parts are key to help you know what this term means? Rheumat means discharge, ism means condition

3. Symptoms (How does the patient know something is wrong?): Fatigue, joint pain, inflammation, swelling, warmth, redness, tenderness, and stiffness, and loss of joint range of motion.

4. Signs (What exam findings are needed to diagnose this condition?): Check for swelling, redness, and warmth as well as checking reflexes and muscle strength. Blood test for rheumatoid factor

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Torticollis

1. Definition: Stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the muscles of the neck; wryneck

2. What word parts are key to help you know what this term means? collis means neck and tort/i means twisted

3. Symptoms (How does the patient know something is wrong?): neck pain or stiffness, inability to move head normally, a headache, raised shoulder

4. Signs (What exam findings are needed to diagnose this condition?): cervicalgia, edema of cervical muscles, diminished cervical and possibly shoulder range of motion, hypertonicity and hypertrophy of corresponding cervical muscles

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Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

1. Definition: Refers to a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive, primarily proximal, muscle weakness.

2. What word parts are key to help you know what this term means?  Dys (P) Difficult Troph(y) (S) development

3. Symptoms (How does the patient know something is wrong?): Muscle Pain, abnormal walking, muscle weakness, or permanent shortening of muscles.

4. Signs (What exam findings are needed to diagnose this condition?): Muscle Biopsy, physical exams, and DNA genetic testing.

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Remap Leicestershire & Rutland Panel job LR11/26B. Client suffers from Muscular Dystrophy forcing am awkward back position that causes mobility problems. A walking aid allowing weight bearing via chest was designed & built.

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Myosarcoma

1. Definition: Malignant tumor from muscle tissue.

2. What word parts are key to help you know what this term means? Myo meaning muscle, sarc meaning flesh and oma means tumor.

3. Symptoms (How does the patient know something is wrong?): some symptoms would  be a palpable lump or edema. Also there could be myalgia if the tumor progresses.

4. Signs (What exam findings are needed to diagnose this condition?):  Signs for myosarcoma would be a lump and myalgia when the lump is pressed or palpated in the muscle or nerve. Restricted range of motion would also be a sign.

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