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By Alice, Taniya, and Sam

- Often hired out for unskilled work - textile mills and manual labor
- Segregation in response to looser slave discipline in the cities
- 250,000 free African Americans, mainly in Maryland and Virginia before the civil
- Most free African Americans bought freedom
- Laws limited freeing of slaves and economic opportunity for already free Slaves
- Some gained relative wealth in the Northern edges but most were very poor

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Capri B, Zeke N, Karsten S

-Lived in the Appalachian Ranges/Lived in the Ozarks, west of the MS River
-Cut off from commercial plantation systems
-Subsistence farmers, Bartered for food
-felt that slavery would threaten their individual freedom
-older political ideals
-Did not support Confederates, some fought for the Union

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-lived in infertile lands
-owned no land
-supported themselves by foraging and hunting
-worked as laborers for neighbors
-some resorted to eating clay (caused intense diseases, ex: palegra, hookworm, malaria)
-formed the underclass, in some cases were worse than slaves
-were so overcome by poverty that they had no strength to protest slavery
-still considered themselves members of the "ruling race"

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By; Salma and Nick

-Modest yeoman farmer
-Majority didn't own slaves and if they did they owned very few and were treated better than the ones on bigger plantations
-Rarely moved up the ladder
-Didn't have good schooling, most were illiterate
-Most were poor
-Worked their own farm
-Majority were against slavery

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by: Grace, JJ, and Camille
-lived in the midst of the plantation system, small farmers
-Their tie to plantation was through a system of farmers.
-Participated in politics by voting and attending campaign meetings, more involved than the North.
-Committed to a traditional, male-dominating family structure. They thought they needed a system were men were masters and women and children were family and workforce under the master's control in order to have a stable system.
-they supported slavery because they believed that if the slavery system was disrupted it would lead to unknown outcome and potentially open the way to an assault on the patriarchy system, which they didn't want.

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non-slave owning owning whites in the south views on slavery - Google Search

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Address by historian and author Gordon Rhea about why non-slaveholding ... justice to wayward slaves and whites suspected of harboring abolitionist views. ... Southern clergy defended the morality of slavery through an elaborate ... that authorized the buying, selling, holding and bequeathing of slaves as property.

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by: Ali, Sydney, and Samit

-Women worked particularly hard: they labored in fields with men, but also had to cook, clean, and child rear. Often were single mothers
-Slaves had high mortality rates, and few slave children survived to adulthood
-House slaves were typically women and had an easier life than field slaves
-But, they were more vulnerable to sexual abuse and often forced into relationships with masters
-Slaves typically lived in bad conditions in slave quarters

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By: Nawaal, Noah, Rachel, Lucy
- They had up to 40-50 slaves.
-Stood at the top of society and determine how everything runs
- Kinda new to being rich
- Felt that they had to protect and defen their honor if it's ever questioned.
-They liked Avenging insults to Southern White Ladies
-If you weren't a planter, you went towards the military
- There was a special role for women in the society/
- The agriculture industry was just as competitive as the Industrial enterprises in the North.
- Supported slavery

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- The men were more dominant over the women than in the North.
- Their marriages were threatened by female slaves.
- 25% of women were illiterate
- There was a high birth rate, but a high mortality rate as well.
- Some women rebelled, but most convinced themselves of their benefits.
- Social status was important
- They worked more on smaller farms than on large plantations.

By: Briana, Makenna, Shoshanna, Zoe

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Instructions for Southern Social Classes

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Instructions for Southern Social Classes

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1. People who are assigned a topic will meet.
2. Decide on information to be shared.
3. Find an image that symbolizes your group.
4. Post information and image  here with TITLE and group member names.

**double click to post