# data[].attributes.body
Complete this lesson!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The benefits of a bilingual brain - Mia Nacamulli

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It's obvious that knowing more than one language can make certain things easier - like traveling or watching movies without subtitles. But are there other advantages to having a bilingual (or multilingual) brain? Mia Nacamulli details the three types of bilingual brains and shows how knowing more than one language keeps your brain healthy, complex and actively engaged.

# data[].attributes.headline
How to Compare Things in English. Comparative Adjectives

# data[].attributes.subject
How to Compare Things in English. Comparative Adjectives

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to Compare Things in English. Comparative Adjectives

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
REGULAR VERBS PRONUNCIATION  (23 06 2013)

# data[].attributes.body
Watch this video!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to THINK in English | No More Translating in Your Head!

# data[].attributes.headline
English Pronunciation Training | Improve Your Accent & Speak Clearly

# data[].attributes.subject
English Pronunciation Training | Improve Your Accent & Speak Clearly

# data[].attributes.body
Watch this video!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
English Pronunciation Training | Improve Your Accent & Speak Clearly

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Seven Types of Pronouns | Parts of Speech

# data[].attributes.headline
Subject and object pronouns, possessive pronouns and adjectives

# data[].attributes.subject
Subject and object pronouns, possessive pronouns and adjectives

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Exercises Explanation Downloads

Subject and object pronouns, possessive pronouns and adjectives

Exercise 1

Choose the correct subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive pronouns, possessive adjectives to complete the sentences below.

Personal pronouns and possessive adjectives - Grammar chart

Subject pronouns

Before the verb

We use subject pronouns as the subject of the verb (before the verb).

I like your dress.

You are late.

He is my friend.

It is raining.

She is on holiday.

We live in England.

They come from London.

Object pronouns

After the verb

We use object pronouns as the object of the verb (after the verb).

Can you help me please?

I saw her in town today.

We saw them in town yesterday, but they didn't see us .

After a preposition

We use object pronouns after prepositions.

Possessive adjectives

Before a noun

We use possessive adjectives before a noun, they modify a noun.

My dog is big.

Her cat is brown.

Their sister works downtown.

Possessive pronouns

Without a noun

A possessive pronoun is NOT followed by a noun.

Whose

We use whose to ask about possession.

Whose car is that?

Whose is that car?

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

Test-English is delighted to announce our partnership with Gymglish to deliver short, personalized and fun online English lessons.

Learn more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Subject and object pronouns, possessive pronouns and adjectives - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive pronouns, possessive adjectives. I, me, my, mine. A2. Pre-intermediate English grammar and exercises.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Prepositions of Time IN – ON – AT | Rules and Examples

# data[].attributes.headline
How to Compare Things in English. Superlative Adjectives

# data[].attributes.subject
How to Compare Things in English. Superlative Adjectives

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to Compare Things in English. Superlative Adjectives

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Adjectives – Comparatives and Superlatives

# data[].attributes.headline
Comparative adjectives – older than, more important than, etc.

# data[].attributes.subject
Comparative adjectives – older than, more important than, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Exercises Explanation Downloads

Comparative adjectives - older than, more important than, etc.

Exercise 1

Write the opposite of these adjectives. Use the comparative form of adjectives in the box below.

bad - big - difficult - expensive - far - fat - happy - hot - old - short

Comparative adjectives

We use more + adjective + than or adjective + -er + than to compare things or people.

In this chart you can see when we need to use more ... than or -er than and the changes in spelling.

Two things

We use the comparative form of an adjective to compare two things.

Less ... than

When we compare two things, we can also use the form less + adjective + than (less ≠ more).

Than me

If we use a personal pronoun after than we need an object pronoun ( me, you, him, etc.).

My sister is taller than me.

His sister is more intelligent than him.

Much/a bit + more

Before the comparative ( more or -er) we can use much (=big difference) or a bit (=small difference).

Common mistakes!

More or -er

We use more or - er, but we cannot use more + -er.

My brother is taller than me. (NOT My brother is more taller that me.)

More than (NOT that)

After a comparative adjective, we use than and NOT that.

My brother is taller than me. (NOT My brother is taller that me.)

Than + second element of the comparison

We use than + the second thing that we are comparing. When we don't mention the second element of the comparison, we do NOT use than.

My brother is taller than me .

I am tall, but my brother is taller. (NOT my brother is taller than.)

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

Test-English is delighted to announce our partnership with Gymglish to deliver short, personalized and fun online English lessons.

Learn more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Comparative adjectives – older than, more important than, etc. - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Comparative adjectives . We use ‘more’ + adjective or adjective + -er to compare two things. A1 – Elementary English grammar and exercises.

# data[].attributes.headline
Superlative adjectives – the oldest, the most important, etc.

# data[].attributes.subject
Superlative adjectives – the oldest, the most important, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Exercises Explanation Downloads

Superlative adjectives - the oldest, the most important, etc.

Exercise 1

Write the superlative forms of these adjectives.

EXAMPLE: poor ⇒ the poorest

Superlative adjectives

Three or more things

We use the superlative form of an adjective or adverb to compare three or more things.

The best in

After the superlative we use in before names of places or before singular words referring to groups of people ( class, school, team, family, etc.)

The Everest is the highest mountain in the world. (NOT of the world)

The / my / John's

Before the superlative we always use the or a possessive adjective ( my, your, his, etc.) or noun + possessive 's ( Paul's, Elisabeth's, etc.)

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

Test-English is delighted to announce our partnership with Gymglish to deliver short, personalized and fun online English lessons.

Learn more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Superlative adjectives – the oldest, the most important, etc. - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Superlative adjectives – the oldest, the hottest, the happiest, the most important, etc. A1 – Elementary English grammar and exercises.

# data[].attributes.body
Quizlet

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The security system for this website has been triggered. Completing the challenge below proves you are a human and gives you temporary access.

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Learn the PRESENT TENSE in 4 minutes 📚| Learn with examples

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises 1 of 2

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
lesson a present perfect and past simple 2 learn english

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Oxford University Press, English Language Teaching - elt.enquiry@oup.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Students >English File Student's Site >Intermediate Plus third edition >Grammar >File 2 >2A Present tenses (2)

# data[].attributes.body
Exercise 2 of 2

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
lesson a present perfect and past simple 1 learn english

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Oxford University Press, English Language Teaching - elt.enquiry@oup.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Students >English File Student's Site >Intermediate Plus third edition >Grammar >File 2 >2A Present tenses

# data[].attributes.body
Infographic

# data[].attributes.body
Kahoot!

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Apostrophes for Possession | Possessive Nouns | EasyTeaching

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
When To Use ZERO + FIRST Conditional Sentences | Accurate English Grammar

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Zero conditional - Grammar chart

We use the zero conditional to talk about general truths or results that always happen if a condition is present. We are talking in general, not about one particular situation.

We can put the main clause at the beginning. Then we don't use a comma between the two clauses.

We can usually replace the if in this conditional with when without changing the meaning.

First conditional - Grammar chart

The first conditional is used to talk about things that might happen in the future if a condition is present. We don't know if those things will happen or not, but they are a real possibility.

We don't use will in the if clause.

Unless = if (not)

We can also use unless in conditional sentences to mean if ... ( not)

In case

We use in case to talk about the possibility of something happening. After in case we also use present to talk about the future.

But the meaning of in case is different from if. Compare:

First vs zero conditional

We use the first conditional to talk about a particular situation, whereas we use the zero conditional to talk about what happens in general.

Future time clauses - grammar chart

When we are talking about the future we use the present, (NOT )after the expressions when, as soon as, until, once, before, after, while. After these expressions, we can use any present form (present simple, present continuous, present perfect) to talk about the future.

As happens with conditional sentences, we use a comma when we begin the sentence with a time clause. But we don't use a comma if we put the time clause at the end of the sentence.

With present perfect

We can often use the present perfect after the time word. The meaning is similar to using the present simple, but with the present perfect we emphasise that the action will be completed.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Zero and first conditional and future time clauses - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Review the use of the zero conditional, the first conditional and future time clauses in English. Gap-filling and multiple choice exercises.

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Second Conditional Sentences + Examples | English Grammar Lesson

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Second conditional - Grammar chart

If clause and main clause

We use if + past to talk about an imaginary present or future situation (although the verb is in past, the meaning is present or future). And we use would + infinitive to talk about the result or consequence of that imaginary situation.

Comma

When the ifclause comes first, we normally put a comma after it. We don't use a comma when the main clause comes first and the if clause comes second.

Unless = if (not)

We can also use unless in conditional sentences to mean if ... ( not)

Would, could, might

In the main clause, we can use could or might instead of would.

In the second conditional we can use if I/he/she/it were (more formal) instead of if I/he/she/it was (spoken English).

But we use were (NOT was) when we give advice with the expression if I were you.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Second conditional – unreal situations - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Second conditional – unreal situations. If I did ... I would Imagined situations in the present or the future. English intermediate grammar exercises.

# data[].attributes.headline
First or Second Conditional? English Grammar Practice

# data[].attributes.subject
First or Second Conditional? English Grammar Practice

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
First or Second Conditional? English Grammar Practice

# data[].attributes.headline
How to use PREPOSITIONS with Adjectives | Understanding Prepositions

# data[].attributes.subject
How to use PREPOSITIONS with Adjectives | Understanding Prepositions

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to use PREPOSITIONS with Adjectives | Understanding Prepositions

# data[].attributes.headline
Past Simple and Past Continuous - English grammar tutorial video lesson

# data[].attributes.subject
Past Simple and Past Continuous - English grammar tutorial video lesson

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Past Simple and Past Continuous - English grammar tutorial video lesson

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Exercises Explanation Downloads

Past continuous and past simple

Exercise 1

Choose the correct past continuous and past simple forms to complete the sentences below.

The past continuous - Form

The past continuous - Use

Actions in progress

We use the past continuous to talk about actions that were in progress (not finished) at a specific moment in the past.

'What were you doing at 9?' 'I was studying.'

The specific moment in the past can be described by a time expression (at 9 a.m., at midday, at lunchtime, all morning, all day, etc.):

Or by a simple past sentence:

Describing a scene

We often use the past continuous at the beginning of a story to describe the situation.

Past simple vs Past continuous

We use the past simple for completed actions in the past, and we use the past continuous for actions in progress (not finished) in the past.

The past continuous describes a longer action or situation and the past simple describes a shorter action or event.

When I met Susan she was having a drink at a terrace with a friend.

We didn't go out because it was raining.

The short action in past simple often interrupts the longer action in past continuous.

We use the past simple for completed actions that happened one after the other. Compare:

(The action of having a shower started before he arrived)

(The action of having a shower started after he arrived)

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

Test-English is delighted to announce our partnership with Gymglish to deliver short, personalized and fun online English lessons.

Learn more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Past continuous and past simple - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Past continuous and past simple. We use the past continuous to talk about longer actions in progress at some point in the past, and we use past simple to talk about shorter finished actions in the past. English grammar and exercises.

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.headline
WILL vs. GOING TO: The Difference Between Will and Going to | Future Tense in English Grammar

# data[].attributes.subject
WILL vs. GOING TO: The Difference Between Will and Going to | Future Tense in English Grammar

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
WILL vs. GOING TO: The Difference Between Will and Going to | Future Tense in English Grammar

# data[].attributes.headline
The Present Perfect Tense | English Grammar Lesson

# data[].attributes.subject
The Present Perfect Tense | English Grammar Lesson

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Present Perfect Tense | English Grammar Lesson

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.headline
Present perfect continuous vs present perfect simple

# data[].attributes.subject
Present perfect continuous vs present perfect simple

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Present perfect continuous vs present perfect simple | learn English grammar

# data[].attributes.body
Infographic

# data[].attributes.headline
Modals of Ability - can, could, be able to

# data[].attributes.subject
Modals of Ability - can, could, be able to

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Modals of Ability - can, could, be able to - Learn English Grammar

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Can, could, be able to – ability and possibility - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Can, could, be able to – ability and possibility. English grammar exercises. Intermediate grammar exercises. Modal verbs.

# data[].attributes.headline
MY TOP TIPS! Learn & Use More Phrasal Verbs

# data[].attributes.subject
MY TOP TIPS! Learn & Use More Phrasal Verbs

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
MY TOP TIPS! Learn & Use More Phrasal Verbs | English Lesson

# data[].attributes.headline
Transitive and Intransitives Phrasal Verbs 

# data[].attributes.subject
Transitive and Intransitives Phrasal Verbs 

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Transitive and Intransitive Phrasal Verbs in English

# data[].attributes.headline
Transitive and Intransitive Phrasal Verbs

# data[].attributes.subject
Transitive and Intransitive Phrasal Verbs

# data[].attributes.body
Table

# data[].attributes.headline
Like + Verb-ING, Like + Infinitive, Enjoy + Verb-ING

# data[].attributes.subject
Like + Verb-ING, Like + Infinitive, Enjoy + Verb-ING

# data[].attributes.body
Verb

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Like + Verb-ING, Like + Infinitive, Enjoy + Verb-ING | Learn English Grammar with Woodward English

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Use gerund

➪ When the verb is the subject of a sentence.

➪ After some verbs.

Common verbs followed by a gerund

Some common verbs that are followed by gerund are: avoid, enjoy, finish, hate, keep, like, love, don't mind, prefer, recommend, spend time, stop, suggest, etc.

Negative gerund

The negative form of the gerund is not + -ing.

Use infinitive without to

➪ After the auxiliary verb do, does, did in negative sentences and questions.

➪ After modal verbs ( will, can, must, should, might, may, etc.)

Use to + infinitive

➪ After adjectives.

➪ To express a reason or purpose (why).

➪ After question words.

➪ After some verbs.

Common verbs followed by to + infinitive

Some common verbs that are followed by to infinitive are: ask (someone), decide, forget, help, hope, learn, need, offer, plan, promise, remember, seem, try, want, would like, would love, would hate, would prefer, etc.

The negative form of to + infinitive

The negative form of to + infinitive is not to + infinitive.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Infinitives and gerunds - verb patterns - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Infinitives and gerunds. Do, to do, or doing? A2. Pre-intermediate English grammar and exercises. Learn when to use infinitives and gerunds in English.

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gerunds and Infinitives in English |  grammar lesson

# data[].attributes.headline
How to use GERUNDS and INFINITIVES | Confusing English Grammar

# data[].attributes.subject
How to use GERUNDS and INFINITIVES | Confusing English Grammar

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to use GERUNDS and INFINITIVES | Confusing English Grammar

# data[].attributes.body
Infographic

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Exercises Explanation Downloads

Gerund or infinitive - do, to do, doing

Exercise 1

Choose the correct gerund or infinitive form to complete the sentences below.

When do we use gerund or infinitive?

When we have to use a verb after another verb, or a certain kind of word, we sometimes use an infinitive or a gerund. It often depends on the word that comes before. Here you have a list of the main situations in which we use infinitives or gerunds.

Verbs that take gerund or infinitive with a change of meaning

Forget

Forget to do something: Used to talk about things that we need to do, and we forget to do them.

Forget doing something: It's normally used in negative sentences. Used to talk about memories; normally about things that we did in the past and that we will not forget.

Remember

Remember to do something: Used to talk about things we need to do.

Remember doing something: Used to talk about memories. We remember things from the past.

Try

Try to do something: When we try to do something, we make an effort to achieve something that we maybe will or will not accomplish.

Try doing something: Used when we have an objective and we try something as an experiment to see if it helps us achieve that objective. We try something in order to achieve an objective.

Stop

Stop to do something: Used when we stop doing an activity so as to start doing a different one.

Stop doing something: It means to finish doing something that we are doing.

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

Test-English is delighted to announce our partnership with Gymglish to deliver short, personalized and fun online English lessons.

Learn more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gerund or infinitive - do, to do, doing - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Gerund or infinitive - do, to do, doing. Verbs patterns. Verbs followed by infinitive, verbs followed by -ing. English intermediate grammar exercises.

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Exercises Explanation Downloads

Gerund or infinitive - verb patterns

Exercise 1

Choose the correct gerund or infinitive form for each gap below.

When to use gerund or infinitive

In the table below, you can see when to use gerund or infinitive.

Verbs that take gerund or infinitive with a change of meaning

Forget

Forget to do something: Used to talk about things that we need to do, and we forget to do them.

Forget doing something: It's normally used in negative sentences. Used to talk about memories, normally about things that we did in the past and that we will not forget.

Remember

Remember to do something: You remember first and then you do something. Used to talk about things we need to do.

Remember doing something: Used to talk about memories. We remember things from the past.

Try

Try to do something: When we try to do something, we make an effort to achieve something that maybe we will or will not accomplish.

Try doing something: Used when we want to achieve something and try something as an experiment to see if it help us achieve what we want. We try a method (one of the many we could try) in order to achieve something.

Stop

Stop to do something: Used when we stop doing an activity so as to start doing a different one.

Stop doing something: It means to finish doing something that we are doing.

Need

Need to do something: It's necessary to do something

Something needs doing: It has a passive meaning. It means that something needs to be done.

Your car needs cleaning. (=Your car needs to be cleaned.)

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

Test-English is delighted to announce our partnership with Gymglish to deliver short, personalized and fun online English lessons.

Learn more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Gerund or infinitive - verb patterns - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Gerund or infinitive. Verb patterns. Upper-intermediate English grammar. The use of gerunds or infinitives after certain nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.

# data[].attributes.headline
The Causative - HAVE | GET - have something done

# data[].attributes.subject
The Causative - HAVE | GET - have something done

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Causative - HAVE | GET - have something done - English Grammar

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How to use the Passive Voice 😅 English Grammar Lesson

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Active and passive voice. English intermediate grammar exercises. is done, was done, was being done, has been done, will be done, should be done, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Exercises Explanation Downloads

Passive verb forms

Exercise 1

Choose the correct passive verb form to complete the sentences below.

Passive voice in the different verb tenses

To make a passive verb form, we have to use be in a particular verb tense and add the past participle of the main verb after it. You can see how to use the passive voice with different tenses below.

Active and passive

In a passive sentence, the object of an active sentence becomes the subject. In a passive voice sentence, the subject is the receiver of the action, not the doer of the action.

They take the photos in Africa. (active)

The photos are taken in Africa. (passive)

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

Test-English is delighted to announce our partnership with Gymglish to deliver short, personalized and fun online English lessons.

Learn more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Passive verb forms. English intermediate grammar exercises. is done, was done, was being done, has been done, will be done, should be done, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Exercises Explanation Downloads

The passive voice - all tenses

Exercise 1

Choose the correct passive voice forms for each gap below.

The passive voice with the different tenses

In a passive sentence, the object of an active sentence becomes the subject. Then we have to use the verb be in the tense we need and add the past participle of the main verb after it. In a passive voice sentence, the subject is the receiver of the action, not the doer of the action.

They take the photos in Africa. (active)

The photos are taken in Africa. (passive)

You can see how to use the passive voice with different tenses below.

When do we use the passive voice?

In English, we us the passive voice when we don't know, or we don't want to talk about who or what does the action in a sentence. Check the following examples.

A bank was robbed yesterday. (=We don't know who robbed the bank.)

He was arrested last night. (=It's obvious that the police arrested him.)

I have been told that you insulted my brother. (=I don't want to say who told me.)

Jurassic Park was filmed by Spielberg in 1993. (=I'm talking about Jurassic Park and not about Spielberg.)

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

Test-English is delighted to announce our partnership with Gymglish to deliver short, personalized and fun online English lessons.

Learn more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The passive voice - all tenses - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Gap-filling exercises, multiple choice exercises and clozes to review how the use of the passive voice in all tenses and verb forms.

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.headline
Defining and No -Defining Relative Clauses

# data[].attributes.subject
Defining and No -Defining Relative Clauses

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses - English Grammar Lesson

# data[].attributes.headline
Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses

# data[].attributes.subject
Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses

# data[].attributes.headline
Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses

# data[].attributes.subject
Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Defining vs non-defining - Grammar chart

Defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses carry essential information because they identify which thing or person we are talking about, and they are used without commas.

We can use that

In defining relative clauses we can use that instead of which or who.

When can we omit who/which/that?

Who/which/that, can be omitted if they are followed by subject + verb

Non-defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses are used between commas, and they add extra information which is not necessary to know who or what we are talking about.

We cannot use that, and we cannot omit who/which

In non-defining relative clauses (between commas) we cannot use that, and we cannot omit who/which.

Defining vs non-defining relative clauses

In a defining relative clause the information is essential to identify who or what we are talking about, whereas in non-defining relative clauses, we just add extra information, which is not necessary. Compare:

My brother, who lives in Cardiff , is much older than me. (=I have only one brother, so we don't need the relative clause to know who I am talking about)

Relative pronouns and adverbs

Here you can see a grammar chart with the relative pronouns and adverbs that we normally use in relative clauses.

Common mistakes

Two subjects

When who, which or that is the subject of a relative clause, we don't use another pronoun or noun after it, because we can only have one subject ( who, which or that).

That is the painting that was stolen from the gallery. (NOT: That is the painting that it was stolen from the gallery.)

That between commas

We cannot use the relative pronoun that in a non-defining relative clause (between commas)

The victim, who suffered a concussion, said he didn't remember the accident. (NOT, The victim, that suffered a concussion, said he didn't remember the accident.)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Defining and non-defining relative clauses - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Relative clauses – defining, non-defining. Relative pronouns and adverbs. Who, whose, which, that, where. English intermediate grammar exercises.

# data[].attributes.body
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech

Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Direct Speech | Indirect Speech | Types of Speech

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
REPORTED SPEECH: Verb Tense Changes | Direct and Indirect Speech in English

# data[].attributes.headline
When To Use ZERO + FIRST Conditional Sentences

# data[].attributes.subject
When To Use ZERO + FIRST Conditional Sentences

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
When To Use ZERO + FIRST Conditional Sentences | Accurate English Grammar

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Zero conditional - Grammar chart

We use the zero conditional to talk about general truths or results that always happen if a condition is present. We are talking in general, not about one particular situation.

We can put the main clause at the beginning. Then we don't use a comma between the two clauses.

We can usually replace the if in this conditional with when without changing the meaning.

First conditional - Grammar chart

The first conditional is used to talk about things that might happen in the future if a condition is present. We don't know if those things will happen or not, but they are a real possibility.

We don't use will in the if clause.

Unless = if (not)

We can also use unless in conditional sentences to mean if ... ( not)

In case

We use in case to talk about the possibility of something happening. After in case we also use present to talk about the future.

But the meaning of in case is different from if. Compare:

First vs zero conditional

We use the first conditional to talk about a particular situation, whereas we use the zero conditional to talk about what happens in general.

Future time clauses - grammar chart

When we are talking about the future we use the present, (NOT )after the expressions when, as soon as, until, once, before, after, while. After these expressions, we can use any present form (present simple, present continuous, present perfect) to talk about the future.

As happens with conditional sentences, we use a comma when we begin the sentence with a time clause. But we don't use a comma if we put the time clause at the end of the sentence.

With present perfect

We can often use the present perfect after the time word. The meaning is similar to using the present simple, but with the present perfect we emphasise that the action will be completed.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Zero and first conditional and future time clauses - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Review the use of the zero conditional, the first conditional and future time clauses in English. Gap-filling and multiple choice exercises.

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Second Conditional Sentences + Examples | English Grammar Lesson

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Second conditional - Grammar chart

If clause and main clause

We use if + past to talk about an imaginary present or future situation (although the verb is in past, the meaning is present or future). And we use would + infinitive to talk about the result or consequence of that imaginary situation.

Comma

When the ifclause comes first, we normally put a comma after it. We don't use a comma when the main clause comes first and the if clause comes second.

Unless = if (not)

We can also use unless in conditional sentences to mean if ... ( not)

Would, could, might

In the main clause, we can use could or might instead of would.

In the second conditional we can use if I/he/she/it were (more formal) instead of if I/he/she/it was (spoken English).

But we use were (NOT was) when we give advice with the expression if I were you.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Second conditional – unreal situations - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Second conditional – unreal situations. If I did ... I would Imagined situations in the present or the future. English intermediate grammar exercises.

# data[].attributes.body
Video

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Third Conditional Sentences + Examples | English Grammar Lesson

# data[].attributes.headline
Third conditional – past unreal situations

# data[].attributes.subject
Third conditional – past unreal situations

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Exercises Explanation Downloads

Third conditional - past unreal situations

Exercise 1

Choose the correct form to make third conditional sentences.

Third conditional - Grammar Chart

If clause and main clause

We use if + past perfect to talk about an imaginary or hypothetical situation in the past. And we use would have, could have or might have + past participle in the main clauseto talk about the result or consequence of that imaginary situation.

If the jacket had been a bit cheaper, I might have bought it.

Comma

As with all conditional types, we use a comma after the if-clause when it goes at the beginning of the sentence, but we don't use a comma when the if-clause goes at the end.

Unless

We can also use unless in conditional sentences to mean if ... ( not)

I wouldn't have arrived on time unless I had taken a taxi.

= I wouldn't have arrived on time had if I n't taken a taxi.

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

Test-English is delighted to announce our partnership with Gymglish to deliver short, personalized and fun online English lessons.

Learn more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Third conditional - past unreal situations - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Third conditional - past unreal situations. If I had done ... I would have. Imagined situations in the past. English intermediate grammar exercises.

# data[].attributes.headline
Second and third conditionals – unreal conditionals

# data[].attributes.subject
Second and third conditionals – unreal conditionals

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Exercises Explanation Downloads

Second and third conditionals - unreal conditionals

Exercise 1

Choose the correct forms of the second and third conditionals to complete the sentences.

Second conditional - Grammar chart

We use the second conditional to talk about hypothetical or imaginary situations in the present or the future. We can use past simple or past continuous in the if clause and we can use would, could or might + simple infinitive (do) or continuous infinitive (be doing) in the main clause.

When we use the verb be in the if clause, we can use either was (more formal) or were (spoken English) after I, he, she or it.But when we are giving advice, we always use if I were you (NOT was).

If wouldn't be living in this house. he was/were rich, he

If I were you, I'd call him as soon as possible. (NOT was)

As with all conditional types, we use a comma after the if clause when it goes at the beginning of the sentence, but we don't use a comma when the if clause goes at the end.

I could concentrate if you weren't making so much noise.

Third conditional - grammar chart

We use the third conditional to talk about hypothetical or imaginary situations in the past. We can use the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous in the if clause and we can use would, could or might + the perfect infinitive in the main clause.

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

Test-English is delighted to announce our partnership with Gymglish to deliver short, personalized and fun online English lessons.

Learn more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Second and third conditionals - unreal conditionals - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Review the use of the second conditional and the third conditional in English. Gap-filling and multiple-choice exercises.

# data[].attributes.headline
Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous

# data[].attributes.subject
Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Present perfect simple - Use

Grammar chart

We use the present perfect simple with past finished actions or experiences when we don't mention or we don't know when they happened. And we also use the present perfect simple to ask or talk about situations that started in the past and have not finished.

Present perfect continuous - Form

We form the present perfect continuous with the present perfect simple of be + the -ing form of the main verb.

Present perfect continuous - Use

Grammar chart

Actions from the past till now - duration

We use the present perfect continuous with action verbs (dynamic verbs) to talk about situations that started in the past and have not finished or have just finished.

There is often a present result from doing these actions.

We can use the present perfect continuous to talk about continuous or repeated actions or situations from the past till now.

For, since, how long, lately, all day/week/month/etc.

We can use for, since, how long, lately, all day/week/month/etc. to ask or say how long a situation has been happening.

Present perfect simple or continuous?

Situations that started in the past and still continue

We can use the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous to talk about situations that started in the past and still continue. But we must use the present perfect simple with non-action verbs (stative verbs), and we normally use the present perfect continuous with dynamic verbs (although the present perfect simple is also possible.)

We use the present perfect continuous (and NOT simple) with dynamic verbs for situations that started in the past and still continue when we want to emphasise how long the situation has lasted.

Finished and unfinished situations

We use the present perfect simple for finished actions in the past when we don't say when. We use the present perfect continuous for actions or situations that maybe have not finished or that maybe have finished (very recently)

Actions with present results

We can use present perfect simple and present perfect continuous for actions with present results. We use the present perfect simple if the present results come from completing the action.

Look how nice my car looks. I've washed it. (=The car looks nice because I have finished washing it.)

Something is different in this house. Have you painted it? (=The house looks different because you have completed the action of painting it.)

We use the present perfect continuous if the present results come from the process of doing the action.

Sorry I'm so sweaty. I've been washing my car. (=I am sweaty because of the physical activity that washing the car involves.)

How come you are so dirty? Have you ? (=You are dirty because of the process of painting.)

How long vs how many/much

We use the present perfect continuous to talk about the duration of an action, i.e. about how long we have been doing something. And we use the present perfect simple to talk about how many things or how much of something we have done.

I've written twenty e-mails. (I'm talking about how many emails I've written.)

I've been writing emails for hours. (=I'm talking about how long I have spend writing emails)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous. I have done vs I have been doing. B1 - English intermediate grammar exercises.

# data[].attributes.headline
How many verb tenses are there in English? 

# data[].attributes.subject
How many verb tenses are there in English? 

# data[].attributes.body
Watch this video!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How many verb tenses are there in English? - Anna Ananichuk

# data[].attributes.body
Infographic

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Exercises Explanation Downloads

Review of all upper-intermediate verb tenses (CEFR B2.1)

Exercise 1

Choose the correct verb tenses to complete the sentences below.

Review of all upper-intermediate verb tenses (CEFR B2.1) - Summary table

Present perfect simple or continuous?

Situations that started in the past and still continue

We can use either the present perfect simple or continuous for situations that started in the past and still continue. But we must use the present perfect simple with stative verbs, and we normally use the present perfect continuous with dynamic verbs (although the present perfect simple is also possible.)

We use the present perfect continuous with dynamic verbs for situations that started in the past and still continue when we want to emphasise how long the situation has lasted.

Finished and unfinished situations

We use the present perfect simple for finished actions in the past, and the present perfect continuous for situations (happening from the past till now) that may or may not have finished.

I've been watching the series you recommended. I'll tell you about it when I finish watching it.

Actions with present results

We can use both present perfect simple or continuous for recent actions with a present result, but we use the present perfect simple when the present results come from having finished the action, and we use the present perfect continuous when the present results come from the process of performing the action (which may or may not have finished).

Something is different in this house. Have you painted it?

How come you are so dirty? Have you been painting?

We are working on this!

We're developing a NEW LEARNING PLATFORM with a subscription plan that includes additional features at an affordable price. One of those features will be PDF downloads.

Learn more!

Personalized English Lessons

Test-English is delighted to announce our partnership with Gymglish to deliver short, personalized and fun online English lessons.

Learn more!

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Review of all upper-intermediate verb tenses (CEFR B2.1) - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Revision of all the English verb tenses studied in B1-B2 intermediate and upper-intermediate courses. Complete explanation with a summary table and exercises.

# data[].attributes.body
Kahoot!

# data[].attributes.body
Exercises

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Used to, be used to, get used to - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Gap-filling exercises, multiple choice exercises and clozes to review the use of ‘used to’, ‘be used to’, and ‘get used to’.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Present perfect: Form and use - Test-English

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Present perfect tense. Form and use. Pre-intermediate English grammar and exercises. Learn how to use the present perfect tense in English.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
lesson c usually and used to 1 learn english

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Oxford University Press, English Language Teaching - elt.enquiry@oup.com

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Students >English File >Intermediate Plus third edition >Grammar >File 5 >5B Present perfect continuous

# data[].attributes.headline
Must vs. Have to - What is the difference?

# data[].attributes.subject
Must vs. Have to - What is the difference?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Must vs. Have to - What is the difference?

# data[].attributes.headline
Mustn't vs. Don't have to - What is the difference?

# data[].attributes.subject
Mustn't vs. Don't have to - What is the difference?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
MUSTN'T vs. DON'T HAVE TO - What is the difference? | Learn English Modal Verbs | ESOL Grammar