# data[].attributes.headline
These standards treat or help us to determine the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product, compiling an inventory of the relevant inputs and outputs of the system, evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with these inputs and outputs, and interpreting the results of the phases of inventory and impact in relation to the objectives of the study.throughout the life cycle of a product from the acquisition of the raw material, through production, utilization, final treatment, recycling, to its final disposal.Generally the LCA does not consider the economic or social issues of a product, but the life cycle approach and the methodologies described in this international standard can be applied to these other aspects.

# data[].attributes.subject
These standards treat or help us to determine the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product, compiling an inventory of the relevant inputs and outputs of the system, evaluating the potential environmental impacts associated with these inputs and outputs, and interpreting the results of the phases of inventory and impact in relation to the objectives of the study.throughout the life cycle of a product from the acquisition of the raw material, through production, utilization, final treatment, recycling, to its final disposal.Generally the LCA does not consider the economic or social issues of a product, but the life cycle approach and the methodologies described in this international standard can be applied to these other aspects.

# data[].attributes.headline
NTC-ISO 14040 and 14044Life cycle analysis

# data[].attributes.subject
NTC-ISO 14040 and 14044Life cycle analysis

# data[].attributes.body
The NTC-ISO 14040 and 14044, lie in the importance of environmental protection and the possible impacts associated with the products. Increasing interest in understanding, improving and addressing those impacts.
Life cycle analysis (LCA) can help:
• Improve the environmental performance of products in the stages of their life cycle.
• Provide information to decision makers in the industry or organizations.
• Indicators of environmental performance, measurement techniques.
• Marketing.

The LCA deals with the environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a product.
Here are the phases in an ACV study:

• Phase of definition of the objective and scope.
• Inventory analysis phase.
• Environmental impact assessment phase.
• Interpretation phase.

# data[].attributes.body
The international standard covers 2 types of study:
• Life cycle analysis (LCA studies).
• Analysis of the life cycle inventory (ICV studies).

The ICV studies are similar to the ACV studies, but exclude the EICV phase. It is necessary to keep in mind not to confuse the studies of ICV with the ICV phase of an ACV study.

Object and field of application
Principle and reference framework for life cycle analysis (LCA):
• Analysis of the objective and scope of the ACV.
• Analysis phase of the life cycle inventory (LCI).
• Life cycle impact assessment phase (EICV).
• Stage of interpretation of the life cycle.
• Report and critical review of the ACV.
• Limitations of the ACV.
• Relationship between the phases of the ACV.
• Conditions of use of value judgments and optional elements.

# data[].attributes.headline
Projects of energy systems distributed in China.

# data[].attributes.subject
Projects of energy systems distributed in China.

# data[].attributes.body
The energy system can satisfy needs such as: heat, cold and electricity.
The distributed energy system is in a stage especially in China. A set of current projects and best practices make the evaluation of projects an importantly distributed energy system.

# data[].attributes.body
By definition, the life cycle analysis (LCA) is the collection and evaluation of inputs, outputs and potential environmental impacts of a product system through its life cycle. The standards that allow the certification of the study are ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.

# data[].attributes.body
There is a growing interest in knowing what is the contribution of food production to global environmental impacts, especially climate change. Consumers, administrative officials and companies can use these studies as a guide to acquire products and at the same time improve the environmental performance of their activities.

The Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) addresses all environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a product, which includes the activities of extraction and acquisition of raw materials, production, utilization, recycled and finally the final disposal.

The impacts associated with the products, whether manufactured or consumed, are of great relevance, since some contribute to climate change, to the contamination of ecosystems, to the over-exploitation of renewable and non-renewable resources, and to the misuse of resources available

The sustainability of natural resources and economic development adjusted to the reality of our country (which faces scarcity of food resources, excessive pollution and low productive efficiency) depend on the actions taken to reduce the impact of production processes and the optimization of them.

# data[].attributes.body
ISO 14040: 2006 Environmental Management. Life cycle assessment. Principles and framework

The ISO 14040: 2006 standard describes the principles and framework of the LCA among which are: the definition of the objective and scope, the analysis of the life cycle inventory (LCI), the phase of evaluation of the impact of the cycle of life, the report and the critical review, limitations and the relationship between the phases of the LCA.

ISO 14044: 2006 Environmental Management. Life cycle assessment. Requirements and guidelines

The ISO 14044: 2006 standard specifies the requirements and offers specific guidelines for the realization of a LCA, among which are: the definition of the objective and scope of the LCA, the analysis of the life cycle inventory (LCI), the phase Life Cycle Impact Assessment (EICV), the life cycle interpretation phase, the final report and the critical review.

# data[].attributes.headline
According to the iso NTC 14040 there are 4 study phases for life cycle analysis

# data[].attributes.subject
According to the iso NTC 14040 there are 4 study phases for life cycle analysis

# data[].attributes.body
• Definition of objective and scope. It exposes the qualities of study development and establishes a scope to detail the study.
• Inventory of the life cycle. Stage of identification and quantification of inputs and outputs that generate impact during the life cycle of the product.
• Evaluation of life cycle impacts. List of the inputs and outputs of the inventory that may cause environmental impact, health and human resources, in order to determine the value generated by the impact.
•Interpretation of results. Interpretation of previous results that aims to find conclusions and recommendations to make decisions about impacts.

# data[].attributes.body
The LCA considers the complete life cycle of a product, from the extraction and acquisition of the raw material, through the production of energy and matter, and manufacturing, to the use and treatment at the end of the useful life and disposal final. Through this overview and systematic perspective, the displacement of a potential environmental burden between the life cycle stages or individual processes can be identified and possibly avoided.                              The LCA studies are composed of four phases:
- definition of the objective and scope.
- the analysis of the inventory.
- the impact evaluation.
- interpretation.

Essential characteristics of an LCA:
-The LCA methodology is open to the inclusion of newscientific findings and improvements in the state of the art of the technique.
-There is no single method to perform an ACL.-The level of detail and duration of an LCA can vary considerably, depending on the definition of the objective and scope.

# data[].attributes.body
NTC ISO 14044: It allows to find opportunities to improve the performance of a product or service during its life cycle.            NTC ISO 14040: addresses all environmental aspects and potential environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a product, which includes the activities of extraction and acquisition of raw materials, production, use, recycling and finally the final disposition.

# data[].attributes.body
Clean energy must be part of our present now, not only because of its low pollution and the possibility of combating climate change. These clean energies have a much less harmful life cycle than the current conventional energies and which are still used.

# data[].attributes.body
As shown in Table 4 and Figure 1 shows, in the base case gas project based Distributed Energy System has a desirable performance in environmental value. When compared to the traditional project, gas based distributed power system project seems to use 7% more energy as input, but in a life cycle view, it reduces energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions significantly (8% and 38%, respectively). In comparison to the case where electricity is purchased from the grill, it has a greater advantage. Renewable energy has the potential to develop in the future. Limited by solar resources in Sichuan Province, the solar-based distributed energy system project has a positive but limited effect on energy savings and emission reductions.

# data[].attributes.headline
We designed 6 cases to better capture the potential development of projects of the distributed energy system, as shown in Table 1.Case 1 China Resources Snow breweries Distributed Energy System project operated in this model. It compared All NG cases for traditional coal fired projects with electricity purchased from the grid or generated by privately owned power plants.The effectiveness of renewable technology was also investigated by comparing several cases with renewable energy and the case of electricity purchased from the grid. Taking into account the location of the project in which wind and solar energy is relatively scarce and lees vine is easy to achieve, we designed Cases 4-6.

# data[].attributes.subject
We designed 6 cases to better capture the potential development of projects of the distributed energy system, as shown in Table 1.Case 1 China Resources Snow breweries Distributed Energy System project operated in this model. It compared All NG cases for traditional coal fired projects with electricity purchased from the grid or generated by privately owned power plants.The effectiveness of renewable technology was also investigated by comparing several cases with renewable energy and the case of electricity purchased from the grid. Taking into account the location of the project in which wind and solar energy is relatively scarce and lees vine is easy to achieve, we designed Cases 4-6.