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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length.

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The term Large Format simply means big film size.

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the photographic process used with currently available black-and-white films and printing papers.

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collect, exhibit, research and maintain the photo collection at a museum. They are also responsible for the storage and presentation of photographical collections

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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The role of any rule of composition is to draw the eye into a photograph. Framing refers to using elements of a scene to create a frame within your frame.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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the exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same.

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An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art.

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the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.

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the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body

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the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art.

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the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.

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the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis; showing symmetry.

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having parts which fail to correspond to one another in shape, size, or arrangement; lacking symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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containing or using only one color.

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existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence

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used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space. For this reason, cool colors typically make a space seem larger.

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used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature. Warm colors are those that tend to advance in space and can be overwhelming

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the opposite hues on the color wheel. In their most basic form, they are one primary color and the secondary color that is created by mixing the other two primaries.

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can be defined as those colors to which you can't give a definite color name. If you can't describe your color scheme as blue, green, yellow, turquoise, pink, orange, red, etc, then you most likely have neutral coloring.

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a type of composition in which an image is divided evenly into thirds, both horizontally and vertically, and the subject of the image is placed at the intersection of those dividing lines, or along one of the lines itself.

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the idea is that by using the golden ratio, you are creating an image that is naturally more pleasing to the eye.

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refers to a technique of composition where the viewer of your photos attention is drawn to lines that lead to the main subject of the image. A leading line paves an easy path for the eye to follow through different elements of a photo.

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refers to the main focus of a picture

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the space around and between the subject(s) of an image.

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impersonal image not influenced by feelings, interpretations or prejudice. To create an unbiased photographic image or documentary

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the process of offering valid and well-reasoned opinions about the work of others, usually involving both positive and negative comments, in a friendly manner rather than an oppositional one.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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refers to the main source of light behind the photography subject. In other words, the main light (or one of the main lights) is positioned in such a way that it faces the camera.

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it means to soften it by reducing glare and harsh shadows. ... Diffused light can bring out the best in your photography subjects by minimizing blemishes and wrinkles. It can also be used to create a very soft, cinematic look.

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refers to any form of light that the photographer did not add to their image, and can include both "natural" ambient sunlight, or "artificial" ambient light such as a nearby street light, lamp, or similar.

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Italian artistic term used to describe the dramatic effect of contrasting areas of light and dark in an artwork, particularly paintings.

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A way to convey drama, mystery, emotion and mood in a picture. A silhouette is defined as a view of an object or a scene consisting of the outline and a featureless interior, with the silhouetted object usually being black.

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Pairs of closely associated portraits, images or themed pictures are often used to off-set one another.

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a common style used in modern commercial artwork. The photographs are usually arranged with a plain border between them. The work may consist of separate images that are variants on a theme, or may be one larger image split into three.

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Every photograph, in digital form, is made up of pixels. They are the smallest unit of information that makes up a picture. Usually round or square, they are typically arranged in a 2-dimensional grid

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the period of twilight when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon and residual, indirect sunlight takes on a predominantly blue shade, which differs from the one visible during most of a clear day, which is caused by Rayleigh scattering.

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the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky. The opposite period during twilight is blue hour, just before sunrise or after sunset, when indirect sunlight is evenly diffused.

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a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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A camera's raw image file contains unprocessed or minimally processed data from the image sensor of a digital camera

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a layered image file used in Adobe PhotoShop. PSD, which stands for Photoshop Document, is the default format that Photoshop uses for saving data

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a format for compressing image files.

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a computer file format for storing raster graphics images, popular among graphic artists, the publishing industry, and photographers

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a standard feature on digital cameras that will automatically determine the correct exposure for pictures without any user input other than to select the AE option before taking a picture.

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allows the photographer to determine the exposure of an image by letting them select an aperture value and a shutter speed value

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a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure

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the user specifies a shutter speed, while the camera adjusts the aperture size to correctly expose the image.

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he fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. Whether you choose Auto or Program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure.

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measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in film photography – the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. ... By choosing a higher ISO you can use a faster shutter speed to freeze the movement.

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random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It can be produced by the sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera.

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measurements of film speed, or sensitivity to light.

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the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. It is used in digital cameras and imaging devices to convert the light received on the camera or imaging device lens into a digital image.

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text information pertaining to an image file that is embedded into the file or contained in a separate file that is associated with it. Image metadata includes details relevant to the image itself as well as information about its production

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a small image that represents a larger one. Thumbnails are often used to provide snapshots of several images in a single space. They are commonly used by digital photo organization programs as well as visual search engines

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an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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n image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake. ... Nikon VR originates in the lens, not in the image sensor, which means that algorithms optimized to an individual lens are applied.

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what the camera uses to focus on a subject.

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the general technique of taking several shots of the same subject using different camera settings

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shows the exposure. The numbers to the left and right of center tell you how many stops — or levels of exposure value (EV) — you are away from the center.

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used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode or continuous high speed mode, is a shooting mode in still cameras.

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a camera setting corresponding to a particular f-number.

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a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, especially the variable opening by which light enters a camera.

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the visual quality of the out-of-focus areas of a photographic image, especially as rendered by a particular lens.

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the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp. Now your camera can only focus sharply at one point.

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the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters

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the unit of measurement which determines how long shutter remains open as the picture is taken. The slower the shutter speed, the longer the exposure time. The shutter speed and aperture together control the total amount of light reaching the sensor.

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an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds.

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the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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used to stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other photographic equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and a mounting head to couple with a camera.

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the process that the camera uses to remove color casts produced by these different color temperatures and helps your camera emulate what y our eyes do naturally when dealing with white.

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a time when there is a very low level of ambient light but just enough blueness to the sky to give interest to the scene. It is a particularly powerful time of day for photographing cityscapes, where the neon lights can create stunning shots of the architecture whilst providing some definition to the scene.

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slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sun made by something blocking it a plant that needs a lot of shade in the shade

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an overcast day gives you diffused lighting photography. This means, even light is falling over your entire scene. A bright sun and well-defined clouds create strong light and powerful shadows.

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refers to an artificial lighting source (like a lamp or ceiling fixture) that emits heat and produce a “warmer” or reddish color. It is distinguished from fluorescent lighting (which generates much lower heat), and strobe lighting.

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This chemical reaction involves gases and mercury vapor interacting, which produces an invisible UV light. That invisible UV light illuminates the phosphor powder coating the inside of the glass tube, emitting white "fluorescent" light.

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a device used in photography producing aflash of artificial light (typically 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second) at a color temperature of about 5500 K to help illuminate a scene.

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a feature many digital cameras and video cameras use to accurately balance color. It defines what the color white looks like in specific lighting conditions, which also affects the hue of all other colors

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a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.