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Londerée, Allison M., et al. “Adolescent Attentional Bias toward Real-World Flavored E-Cigarette Marketing.” Tobacco Regulatory Science, vol. 4, no. 6, Nov. 2018, pp. 57–65. EBSCOhost, doi:10.18001/TRS.4.6.6.

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Foulds, J. , Veldheer, S. and Berg, A. (2011), Electronic cigarettes (e‐cigs): views of aficionados and clinical/public health perspectives. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 65: 1037-1042. doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02751.x

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This study shows the more beneficial side to e-cigarettes: helping smokers quit smoking. However, it focuses mainly on past smokers rather than teenagers who have started by using vaporizers .

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Almost all (99%) of the participants said it helped them quit smoking, which is a positive to using e-cigs. However, about 20% of participants said they started using e-cigs with no intention to stop smoking (meaning that they began using with no intent to stop, but it lead to them stopping either way)

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This survey differs from others because it is face-to-face, unlike the majority of surveys about the topic which are online. The paper states that this is a plus because it eliminates the possibility of bots or repeat surveyors.

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Despite these devices helping smokers quit, there is still very little information on the health impacts of these devices. No randomized clinical trails have been done to determine the effectiveness/safety of using e-cigs to stop smoking.

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When trying to help patients quit smoking, clinicians should first advise other alternatives (with a known benefit and known effects), but if a patient has found that using e-cigs help them quit, they should be okay to continue using IF no health effects arise, but should still be informed of the unknown long term effects.

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Kim, Minji, et al. “Youth’s Perceptions of E-Cigarette Advertisements with Cessation Claims.” Tobacco Regulatory Science, vol. 5, no. 2, Mar. 2019, pp. 94–104. EBSCOhost, doi:10.18001/TRS.5.2.1.

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Minji Kim and her associates explain the young adults and adolescents are extremely effected by e-cigarettes because the nicotine (which is not ALWAYS in e-cigarettes, but it most often) can alter brain development. This is significant because these devices are what is primarily used by young adults and adolescents.

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A study done on the claims in the advertisements for e-cigarettes showed that the ads cessation claims may potentially attract smokers and non-smokers, which could cause non-smokers to start smoking the e-cigarettes.

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All authors of this article are listed as having either a PhD, MD, MPH, or MA. This means they are all qualified medically, to different extents, but more so than someone who is not certified.

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All types of advertisements examined were reported as having "modified health risk claims", which is a big effect on whether or not an adolescents might start smoking or using e-cigarettes. Less perceived health risks is related to higher use.

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This study admits that it may have some flaws, or ways of improving. They say they could have a wider, bigger audience and show more varying advertisements- those that feature both claims of cessation and those that do not.

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Chen-Sankey, Julia Cen, et al. “Perceived Ease of Flavored E-Cigarette Use and e-Cigarette Use Progression among Youth Never Tobacco Users.” PLoS ONE, vol. 14, no. 2, Feb. 2019, pp. 1–11. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212353.

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The study revealed that many people, 21.2% believed e-cigs to be easier to use than regular cigarettes, which contributes to people beginning to smoke e-cigs.

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All authors are qualified, being workers for National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities or similar companies. One is from Yale and another has a PhD.

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Increased restrictions on flavored cigarettes showed a 17% decrease in cigarette smoking prevalence and 58% decrease in cigarette consumption in youth. This means fruity, sweet flavors may be one reason youth is so drawn to e-cigs.

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A study on demographics and pyschosocial characteristics showed that those who believe e-cigarettes were easy to use were: females, 15-17 year olds, or had moderate to high externalized problems.

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This study reveals that action must be taken against the idea that e-cigarettes are easy to use and that e-cigarettes are not as harmful or even not harmful at all  because it leads to youth being open to using the devices.

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This piece is yet another highly qualified one, all 6 authors are highly educated on this topic- 5 have PhD's and one has a Bachelor of Science degree.

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It is believed that e-cig companies market sweet, savory flavors because studies have been done that show adolescents have a strong bias towards "appetitive food cues" .

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This study varies from others in the fact that it is not self-reporting, but more natural. They showed adolescents "real-world point-of-sale scenes" that were manipulated to contain flavored vs non-flavored e-cig ads.

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The study found that associating appetizing food and flavor cues to e-cigs might trick the brain into viewing the product as an appetitive stimulus, which in turn makes viewers more willing to try flavored products.

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They admit there may be some flaws to their study, particularly being unable to find advertisements for flavored vs unflavored e-cigs that were similar in colorfulness or image complexity. Further research and examination, however, showed that this had no significant impact.

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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02751.x