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1. Minority Groups

2. Sterilization programme: Hitler established the ‘Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring, which consisted of sterilizing individuals who suffered from a disease usually Black Germans.

3. Euthanasia programme: In September 1939, Hitler gave permission to kill defective people in killing centers placed around Germany.

4. Final Solution and Kristallnacht: The goal was to disappear all of the Jews in Germany.

5. Homosexuals were persecuted by police authorities

6. Women

7. Hitler joined the National Socialist Womanhood(NSF), so that the Nazi party could control them.

8. The birthrate was dramatically decreasing in Germany, so he tried to encourage women to have kids by creating a campaign that the National Socialist Womanhood supported.

9. Consequences of the campaign: decrease of women in universities, civil services rejected women as employers and abortions were prohibited.

10. During the war, women were forced to work in the industrial workforce and give birth so as many babies as possible to assist the war effort.

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1. Arts: The arts were restrained from expressing the artist's message because the Nazis controlled all forms of arts by only spreading Nazi ideologies.

Paintings and sculptures had to glorify German leaders

Jazz was banned because it was the production of African Americans

Abstracts pieces of art were inappropriate

1. Media: Gobbels, as Propaganda Minister, was is charge of promoting German unification under Adolf Hitler rule. He made sure of promoting Nazi dominance by repeating phrases, images of Hitler and the Nazi symbol.

The Berlin Olympics of 1936

Eher Verlag

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1. Some Christians questioned the German Nazi policies individually, for example, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a pastor, denounced the treatments of the Nazi authorities towards minorities. Dietrich was arrested and was executed. Other leaders were held in concentration camps for years.

2. The Catholic and the Protestant Churches did not show any resistance against the Nazi Germans. However, it is noted that the Churches’ “apparent” support from the Churches helped to influence Nazi policies

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1. The Nazis saw education as a significant way to promote Nazi ideas and ideologies.

2. Main purpose: Professors had to shape the perspectives of German children to think that the Jews were trying to intervene in the creation of Aryan culture and to train males to be loyal to the Nazi ideologies.

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As Hitler grew in power and Nazi ideology deeply rooted itself in German communities, the economy transitioned from relying on agriculture, and domestic goods to war production (the new economic system was called Wehrwirtschaft). New economic policies (large-scale farming, rearmament with the support of big businesses) developed an autarky economy. The Four-Year Plan of 1936 encouraged autarky and increased economic and social discrimination against minorities and jews with the Anschluss of 1936.

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1. The policies of Hjalmar Schacht 1934-1937: Hjalmar Schacht established the ‘Organization of Industry,’ which created businesses, employer associations and financing of houses. The organization successfully promoted trade and industry in Germany.

2. New Plan 1934: The purpose was to end high unemployment that infected all Germany after the Great Depression.

3. Goering’s Four Year Plan 1936-1939: The purpose of this plan was to make Germany an autarky, which is a self-sufficient nation.

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The concept of Volksgemeinschaft was to not reform previous class divisions but to change their ways of thinking by basing new policies and treatment on race and extreme nationalism. Such policies to promote the Aryan race were The Reich Entailed Farm Law that applied specifically to Aryan farmers with land. Domestic reform of education, such as the Hitler Youth program that became compulsory in 1936, led to brainwashing the German youth with Nazi ideology; this led to more young men training to become soldiers, girls growing up to be more domestic, and the continuation of Nazi ideology in future generations even after WWII ended. As well, under the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda media and arts were heavily restricted and the enforcement of “burning of the books” further discriminated against Jews and minorities while encouraged Nazi ideology.

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1. SA - the Nazi Party's original paramilitary which played a significant role in Adolf Hitler's rise to power. They providing protection for Nazi rallies and assemblies, disrupting the meetings of opposing parties, and fighting against opposing parties.

2. SS - a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

3. Gestapo -  the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe.

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1. German rearmament 1935: Adolf Hitler argued that Germany had to rearm themselves in order to secure the borders.

2. Remilitarization of the Rhineland 1936: Rhineland was part of German territory before the demilitarization of the Treaty of Versailles. The reoccupation of Rhineland meant to strengthen the German troops.

3. Anschluss 1938: The goal was to unite Austria and Germany to create a ‘larger Germany.’ He failed the first time, however, by March 13, 1938, Germany and Austria succeeded.

4. Germany recovery of Sudetenland 1938: Over 3 million Germans lived in Czechoslovakia,  the main political party was known as the Sudeten German Party. At the Munich Agreement was the official merging on Sudeten and Germany in September 1938.

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1. The Left, communist and socialist didn’t attempt to rebel officially due to the harsh persecution by the Nazi Germans.

2. The Right, consisted of the dissatisfaction from the traditionalist and conservatives regarding Hitler’s actions to protect Germany. The Right thought that the only way to save Germany was by killing Hitler. The most dangerous attempt was known as the July Bomb Plot of 1944, which consisted of activating a bomb near Hitler, but failed.

The young hated the increase of violence from the Nazi regime in Germany. In 1942, the establishment of White Rose Group, the creation of the Edelweiss organization and the Swingjugend group, which spoke against the treatment of Germans towards groups of people.

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Role of propaganda in consolidating power:

1. Promoting Adolf Hitler as the best leader to guide Germany

2. German nation unification under the arms of the Nazi Party

3. Promote the Germans as superior to any other cultures

4. Encourage pride in the Aryan race

5. Demonstrate the Nazi Party in the most positive way

6. Elimination of Jews

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Hitler was a paranoid wreck and incapable of forming human relationships even with his intimate circle. He was extremely good at hiding that and create a facade of a secure, strong leader with good people skills. He targeted Jews because they were an easy target. Nonetheless, he was charming enough to win over a whole country and was able to control them to carry out his vile plans.

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Adolf Hitler was assigned chancellor of Germany in 1933. The German population inspired and hopeful of what Hitler was going to do made Germany a unified one-party state. He soon began to order a rapid expansion of the state police, the Gestapo, and put Hermann Goering in charge of a new security force full of Nazis. Hitler dedicated himself to getting rid of the opposition party and rise from then on.

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The middle classes were scared by communism after their loss in 1923 with the hyperinflation crisis and disillusion with the Weimar Republic. The Nazi propaganda encouraged that National Socialism was the solution to Germany’s problems. The lower middle class and large businesses were attracted by National Socialism due to the promises of jobs, but the working class wasn't satisfied with National Socialism. The higher class wanted to protect Marxism. While civil servants were afraid of communism and a weak democracy so they turned to National Socialism.

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In the Reichstag elections of July 1932, the Nazis won 230 seats and became the largest German party in the Reichstag. Hitler refused Hindenburg’s offer of the vice-chancellorship because he only wanted to be the to top chancellor. Von Schleicher became chancellor in Dec. 1932, but on Jan 28, 1933, Hindenburg dismissed Schleicher. As the Nazi Party became stronger, Hitler was summoned on Jan. 30, 1933 to be the head of gov. Hitler called for elections right away and immediately prepared propaganda for his campaign and eventually, Hitler became the chancellor in 1933.

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Germany was severely economically impacted by the Great Depression dealing with hyperinflation, high unemployment, which encouraged the emergence of the Hitler Regime. They wanted to normalize the government by introducing a new currency, implementing the “New Plan” which allowed the German government more control over what could be imported, and implementing the Four-year plan: focused on the development of factories that processed raw materials (self-sufficiency).

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1. National Socialism

2. Union of all Germans in Europe

3. Revocation of the Treaty of Versailles

4. Territorial Expansion to accommodate Germany’s growing population (Lebensraum)

5. Restriction of state citizenship to those of German blood

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The Weimar Republic faced the greatest economic struggles in the history of Germany after they signed to the Treaty of Versailles. The country suffered hyperinflation and underwent debt because reparations were unable to be paid.

After the WWI, Germany was vulnerable to being “saved” by Adolf Hitler. Germany tried to recover by creating social projects.

More Jobs = More Spending = Growth Projects of transportation, industrialization, increasing the employment rate.

The economy collapsed again, the value of the dollar plummeted due to inflation. Germany was at its weakest point and Hitler promised a better future in the people of Germany.

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The Weimar Republic was Germany’s government between the period after WWI and before the emergence of the Nazi regime. Germans lost faith in the military and lead to the downfall of the party and new parties were created: the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USDP) which made the government and created a new constitution. On February 1919, the National Assembly met up in the town of Weimar and formed the Weimar Coalition.

The Weimar Constitution was made by the assembly and signed by President Ebert on August 11, 1919. The Constitution consisted of laws that the far left did not agree because they were based on right-wing ideals. The laws gave people specific rights on their religious freedom, freedom of speech, etc.