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LANGUAGE LEARNING AND CULTURE 'LEARNING" ARE CLOSELY RELATED

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LANGUAGE LEARNING AND CULTURE 'LEARNING" ARE CLOSELY RELATED

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HOW DO LANGUAGE LEARNERS REACT TO THE CULTURE OF THE SECOND LANGUAGE??

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HOW DO LANGUAGE LEARNERS REACT TO THE CULTURE OF THE SECOND LANGUAGE??

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The reaction of language learners to new culture is closely related with language acquisition. The reaction can be either positive or negative. The acceptance and adaptation of the new culture results with acculturation or sometimes with assimilation . If the language learner rejects the new culture and becomes totally disoriented, the result can be fossilization.

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As language learners learn a new language, they also learn a new culture

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As language learners learn a new language, they also learn a new culture

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Culture represents the lifestyle of a group of people, who have certain values, beliefs, norms, behaviors and attitudes in common. Language is a part of culture. People who share the same culture also share the same language. Culture and language are two intermingled concepts. People using the same language and sharing the same culture are identified accordingly.

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Language learners, encountering a new culture, almost always develop a new identity. Learning a new culture through a new language results in the reorientation of their worldviews, thoughts, feelings and communication.

HOW DOES THAT HAPPEN??

Through ACCULTURATION !

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It is the process of adopting some aspects of another culture, but still keeping many traits, habits,  and social patterns of their own culture.

When the language learners internalize and harmonize themselves into the new culture without giving up on their customs, and habits, they feel happy and comfortable. They easily adopt some traits of the new culture and blend them with theirs. That positive attitude also has a constructive effect on language learning.  Acculturation is like having gyro in a hot dog bun.

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WHAT HAPPENS IF NEW CULTURE CLASHES WITH ELLs PERSONAL IDENTITY AND CULTURE?

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WHAT HAPPENS IF NEW CULTURE CLASHES WITH ELLs PERSONAL IDENTITY AND CULTURE?

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When L2 learners feel disturbed by the some aspects of the new culture, they experience feelings ranging from mild irritability to psychological crisis. They feel frustrated, lonely, lost, angry, unhappy, sad and most of all HOMESICK...In a cognitive and affective way, they experience the contrasts between their own culture and the new culture. Once they get overly  disturbed by the contrasts, they become disoriented and lose their motivation.

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1. Euphoria, also called as Honeymoon. It is a period of excitement and joy when things are brand new  and ready to discover.

2. Culture Shock is the next step when the learner realizes the differences in between the cultures. When disturbance blends with miscommunication, the anxiety and frustration increases. This is the worst phase of the experience.

3. Recovery and Adjustment period is when things seem to get back to normal. Language learners start to think, eat, act, walk and talk like the people of the new culture, but still there is the feeling of anomie. It is the feeling of being lost and not being fully part of any culture. It is a critical period.

4. Adaptation and Integration is when the language learner accepts the traits of the new culture and develops a new identity. It results in acculturation or assimilation.

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It refers to the cognitive and affective similarities and differences of two cultures that come in contact with each other. The distance between the two cultures is not locational, but  metaphorical. There are 3 possible factors of social distance.
(J. Schumann, 1976c)

Dominance

The degree of integration into a second culture

The congruency of the learner's culture and the new culture

According the Schumann, these factors influence the language learning process either positively or negatively. If the social distance between two cultures is great, the language learner faces great difficulty in learning the second language. However, if the social distance is small, the result is more successful. As Schumann states, social factors determines the density of contact of the language learners to the targeted culture and language, which shows how successful they are in language acquisition.

Because Schumann's theory was empirically unmeasurable, a solution was introduced by B. Acton (1979). Based on the idea that the social distance is really about what language learners perceived, Aston devised a measure of perceived social distance. He found that there is an optimal perceived social distance.

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THE RELATION BETWEEN ACCULTURATION AND L2 ACQUISITION

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THE RELATION BETWEEN ACCULTURATION AND L2 ACQUISITION

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After experiencing cultures shock, the language learner starts to recover and adjust to the new culture. This is a critical period in which they either lose motivation or gain it back. Some, by the increasing proficiency in language, adapts to the new culture. This results in assimilation if not in acculturation. Assimilation is the acquiring the social and psychological characteristics of a culture and resembling to that culture.

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Proposed by Brown ( 1980), optimal distance model looks on the language learners who fail to become successful and concludes that culturally and linguistically undeveloped language learners lose motivation which leads them to fossilization of language. That is they give up on language learning before they reach target language norms.

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Attitudes also have a connection with language acquisition.

The positive attitudes towards self, native language group and target language group resulted in proficiency and success.

Language learners, who do not have a direct interaction with the target language culture, seem to create negative attitudes. In that, teachers take the responsibility to dispel the incorrect ideas and biases.

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http://www.panewcastlecourse.co.uk/jenny/development/4-stages-of-culture-shock#sthash.kjLpNj3n.dpbs

http://izismile.com/2013/10/08/fun_creative_illustrations_highlight_the_differences_of_eastern_24_pics.html

http://www.gotmesh.org/quick-tips/how-to-avoid-a-culture-shock/

https://northcentralcollege.edu/academics/international-programs/culture-shock

http://proxemics.weebly.com/proxemics-and-culture.html

http://www.slideshare.net/chinateacher1/culture-shock-presentation?next_slideshow=1

https://www.chipublib.org/blogs/post/the-real-all-americans-the-first-all-native-american-football-team-to-compete-beat-and-win/