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An example of irony in the Outsiders is when they were smoking in a church, because doing that is very unholy and it's even more ironic, because they liked going to church, but they burned it down. "I'd been in church before." (60) "Nobody seemed to mind, and Johnny and I really liked to go." (60) The theme is: there is another side to people that you just don't see. Also, you have to understand a person's motivations before you judge their actions. An example is when johnny killed the Soc, but he did it to save Ponyboy. "You really killed him, huh, Johnny?" "Yeah." His voice quavered slightly. "I had to. They were drowning you, Pony. They might have killed you." (52)

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Johnny is the ¨defender.¨ One event that shows it is when Johnny follows Ponyboy into the burning church. "I looked around startled. I hadn't realized Johnny had been right behind me all the way." (81) Another example is when Johnny tells Ponyboy to stay the same and not to change. "Stay gold, Ponyboy. Stay gold..." (130) A third example is when Johnny was being shy around Cherry and Marcia. He looked around for Dally, then managed a shy "Hi" to the girls and tried to watch the movie. He was nervous, though. Johnny was always nervous around strangers.¨ (24)

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Johnny is very vulnerable, which is a big flaw in his neighborhood, because any greaser can be jumped by a Soc any time.  Johnny is vulnerable, because he is not very strong, and he lets his emotions govern him. "Johnny was scared of his own shadow after that." (7)

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Johnny really just wants peace.  He wants everyone to stay happy and young.  He feels this way, because everyone is changing, and he is really sad and doesn't want others to go through the same thing. "Stay gold, Ponyboy. Stay gold..." (130)

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Metaphor: Johnny is an antique china teacup. Everyone is trying to protect him from the world. (even though it doesn't work) He is sensitive and fragile, but he's loyal. He never refuses you a cup of tea. He can break at the slightest touch. Johnny is the best at what he does, and no tea cup could replace him.  It was a sad day when he shattered while serving a cup of tea. "We dropped the last of the kids out as the front of the church started to crumble. Johnny shoved me toward the window. "Get out!" (83)

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Archetype: Reluctant hero, the confidant, and the sidekick.
Reason:"Shut up! We're goin' to get you out!"(82)
"I looked around startled. I hadn't realized Johnny had been right behind me all the way." (81)

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Johnny is shy and worried and scared because he's beaten at home and he was jumped by the Soc.s. "There were four Socs in it. They had caught him and one of them had a lot of rings on his hand--- that's what had cut Johnny up so badly. It wasn't just that they had beaten him half to death--- he could take that. They had scared him. They had threatened him with everything under the sun." (32) This causes him to be untrusting, because he knows what could happen if he's not careful.  Johnny is loyal, because the only good people he knows are his gang, so he sticks with them and stays loyal to them, because they have been very kind to him and they're all he has.

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Archetype: The victim and the hotshot.
Reason: He is introduced as a hard, tough character who has been to jail several times.  It doesn't seem like he could soften up. "For once, there weren't any charges against Dally, and I knew he'd be mad because the paper made him out a hero for saving Johnny and didn't say much about his police record, which he was proud of." (95)

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Archetype: the foil.
Reason: When Ponyboy came home with a ¨B,¨ Darry demanded that he get an ¨A.¨ When Ponyboy was reading, Darry wanted him out playing football, but when he was playing football, Darry wanted him to read. In the end, Darry was doing these actions because he loved Ponyboy and he wanted him to be successful. "I just stared at the hole in the toe of my tennis shoe. Me and Darry just didn't dig each other. I never could please him. He would have hollered at me for carrying a blade if I had carried one. If I brought home B's, he wanted A's, and if I got A's, he wanted to make sure they stayed A's. If I was playing football, I should be in studying, and if I was reading, I should be out playing football. He never hollered at Sodapop--- not even when Soda dropped out of school or got tickets for speeding. He just hollered at me." (15)

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Archetype: the town bully (somewhat) the peacemaker.
Reason: He bullies the greasers.  At the end he decides he doesn't want to fight anymore. "I'm not gonna show up at the rumble tonight," Randy said slowly. (102) "I'm sick of all of this. Sick and tired. Bob was a good guy. He was the best buddy a guy ever had. I mean, he was a good fighter and tuff and everything, but he was a real person too. You dig?" (102)

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Archetype: the underdog and the reluctant hero.
Reason: "You don't yell at him! I shouted. Darry wheeled around and slapped me so hard that it knocked me against the door." (46) "I'll get them don't worry!" (81) "I wasn't about to go through that flaming door, so I slammed a big rock through a window and pulled myself in." (81)

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Archetype: the trickster.
Reason: "He had gray eyes and a wide grin, and he couldn't stop making funny remarks to save his life. You couldn't shut up that guy; he always had to get his two-bits worth it." (12)