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The Durand Line is the 1,640-mile border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It was made in 1893 from an agreement between Sir Mortimer Durand, a secretary of the British Indian government, and Abdur Rahman Khan, the ruler of Afghanistan. Diplomatic back-and-forth following the border clashes may temporarily calm bilateral tensions, but given the complicated nature of the issue, there seems to be no solution to the Afghanistan-Pakistan disagreement that involves the Durand Line.

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The Durand Line issue has complicated the relationship between Afghanistan and Pakistan, ever since Pakistan was created. This has constantly affected their neighborly relations in negative ways. No Afghan government, including President Ashraf Ghani, has ever recognized the legitimacy of the Durand Line, which runs through mountainous terrain and remains largely unpoliced.

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In the 19th century, Russia began to grab one Central Asian khanate after another, the steadily expanding Czarist Empire began to move dangerously close to the Pamirs, the borderland of British India. In 1893, to secure control of the strategic Khyber Pass, the British had to send diplomat Sir Mortimer Durand to negotiate an agreement to delineate the border between Afghanistan and British India. The new border, dubbed the Durand Line, divided the Pashtun tribal lands in two. Half of the Pashtun tribal region became part of British India, and the other half remained as part of Afghanistan. The boundary has since been viewed with utter contempt and resentment by Pashtuns on both sides of the line, which also cause Afghanistan to lose the province of Baluchistan, depriving the country of its historic access to the Arabian Sea.

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Colonial forces like the British have always set boundaries that have caused great tension for people living in the colony. The people who created the Durand Line did not think about the ethnic groups that lived in the region. In result, there are various battles along the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. One group is the Pakistani army, which is mainly made up mostly of Punjabis. On the other side is the Taliban, made up mostly of Pashtuns. The problem between the Taliban, the Afghanistan government, the Pakistani government, and foreign (including American) troops in the area is violent most of the time. The Durand Line endures suicide bombs, air strikes, and more.

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Tensions between Pakistani and Afghan security along the Durand Line have negatively affected the relationship between the countries. Each side has accused the other of insincerity in fighting terrorism. An example was in May 2017, when there were at least 13 people dead, and more than 80 wounded, most of whom were Pakistani.

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Akbari, Hayat. “Durand Line Border Dispute Remains Point of Contention for Afghanistan-Pakistan Relations.” Global Security Review, 8 June 2019, globalsecurityreview.com/durand-line-border-dispute-contention-afghanistan-pakistan-relations/.

National Geographic Society. “The Durand Line.” National Geographic Society, 15 Oct. 2012, www.nationalgeographic.org/article/durand-line/.