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March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

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March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

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Provided assistance to emancipated African Americans
Abolished in 1827

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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Andrew Johnson became president
The Civil War ends when Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union general Ulysses S. Grant.

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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President Johnson announces his plan of Presidential Reconstruction.
This Reconstruction strategy also requires states to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment, ending slavery. The president's plan is implemented during the summer.

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Southern states created laws to take away African American rights
Southern legislatures begin drafting "Black Codes" to re-establish white supremacy.

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Abolishes slavery in the United States
refuse to extend the vote to black men. Southern legislatures begin drafting "Black Codes" to re-establish white supremacy.

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A secret organization to intimidate African Americans and restore white rule is founded in Pulaski, Tennessee.
A white mob attacks blacks and Radical Republicans attending a black suffrage convention, killing 40 people.

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It passes both houses of Congress by overwhelming majorities, and when President Johnson vetoes it
Congress overrides the veto, making the bill the first major piece of legislation enacted over a presidential veto
Civil Rights Bill, grants citizenship and the same rights enjoyed by white citizens to all male persons in the United States

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White civilians and police kill 46 African Americans and destroy 90 houses, schools, and four churches

Memphis, Tennessee

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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The bill divided the former Confederate states, except for Tennessee, into five military districts
ratified the 14th Amendment and was readmitted to the Union Each district was to be headed by a military official empowered to appoint and remove state officials.

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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Radical Reconstruction, the new policies divide the South into military districts
requires the states to adopt new constitutions, introduce black suffrage, and ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, defining citizenship to include all people born or naturalized in the U.S., is finally ratified.

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions

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Black and white lawmakers begin to work side by side in the Southern states' constitutional conventions
The first political meetings in American history to include substantial numbers of black men.

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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prohibits the federal government and each state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
providing the most important key to participation in the American democratic process to millions of formerly enslaved, and politically excluded, people.

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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developed by conservative white Democrats
part of the  "The Racist Roots of Gun Control".

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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Following a bitterly disputed presidential contest between Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and Democrat Samuel Tilden, in which both candidates claim victory, Hayes is declared president.
President Rutherford Hayes withdraws federal troops from the South protecting the Civil Rights of African Americans.