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This suplementary learning material will help you to: Know about how the respiratory system works and what diseases you may get when you did not take care of it.

1.identify the key parts of the respiratory system and describe their functions and
•nose-The nose is the first organ of the upper respiratory tract in the respiratory system. Its main respiratory function is the supply and conditioning, by warming, moisturising and filtering of particulates of inhaled air.
•mouth-The mouth, also known as the oral cavity, is the secondary external opening for the respiratory tract. Most normal breathing takes place through the nasal cavity, but the oral cavity can be used to supplement or replace the nasal cavity's functions when needed.
•trachea-The throat (pharynx and larynx) is a ring-like muscular tube that acts as the passageway for air, food and liquid. It is located behind the nose and mouth and connects the mouth (oral cavity) and nose to the breathing passages (trachea [windpipe] and lungs) and the esophagus (eating tube).
•trachea-The trachea is one part of the respiratory tree, that is a conduit for air to pass through on its way to or from the alveoli of the lungs. This transmits oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide.
•bronchi-The Bronchi Are Passageways That Bring Air In and Out of the Lungs
•lungs-The lungs and respiratory system allow oxygen in the air to be taken into the body, while also letting the body get rid of carbon dioxide in the air breathed out.

2.Explain how the lungs work
•Every cell in your body needs oxygen in order to live. The air we breathe contains oxygen and other gases. Once in the lungs, oxygen is moved into the bloodstream and carried through your body. At each cell in your body, oxygen is exchanged for a waste gas called carbon dioxide.

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The human body is compose of many different part that works together.Can you guess which body system does the following in your body.

1.Breaks down food into smaller pieces.
●mouth
2.Allows the body to take in oxygens and expel carbon dioxide.
●Lungs
3.push blood through your entire body
●heart

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Questions
1. What is the main function of the respiratory system?
●The respiratory system is the network of organs that help you breath.This system helps your body absorb oxygen from the air so your organs can work.
2.How do lungs work?
●your lungs brings fresh air oxygen into your body.They remove the carbon dioxide and other waste gasses that your body doesnt need.
3.What gases are exchange in the respiratory system?
●Oxygen and Carbon dioxide

Critical thinking compare three systems for gas exchange in animals,(e.g earthworm,fish,insects) which you have learned in the previous level

REFLECTION
I feel so amaze when i knew about how our lungs work.I also knew that the main functions of our lungs is to help us absorb oxygen feom tje air so our organs will work.

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1. Nasal Cavity- trap dirt to keep lungs clean.
2. Pharynx - food passes through the pharynx to the esophagus.
3. Larynx - contains the vocal chord. The help us to speak.
4. Trachea(windpipe) -is a long tube with hard ringss. The trachea filters the air we inhale and branches into the bronchi.
5. Lungs- soft organs that contain the bronchioles and millions of alveoli. Lungs are the site in body where oxygen is taken into and carbon dioxide is expelled out.
6. Bronchi-  divide into small branches called bronchioles. The bronchi are the two air tubes that branch off of from the trachea and carry atmospheric air directly into the lungs.
7. Alveoli- tiny sac like structure present in the lungs which the gaseous exchange takes place.
8. Diaphragm- the muscles that separates the chest fron the abdomen. It expands the lungs during respiration when we breath air in.

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Questions
1.What important role do aveoli do in our body?
●the alveoli are where the lungs amd the blood exchange
2.What is the important of diaphragm in our body?
●The diaphragm is located below the lungs ,Its a large ,dome shape muscle that contructs rythmically  and continually. diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges.
3.trace the pathwayby naming the parts of the respiratory system to which it passes.
●path way of air: nasal cavity (or oral cavity ) >pharynx>trachea>primary bronchi(left or right)>secondary bronchi>tertiary bronchi>bronchioles>alveoli

Modify and be creative try your own activity.you may design and explore more to check your understanding. EX. Look for leto (seaweed) or a bunch of fruits (or coliflower) and relate each part of the sample to the key parts of the respiratory system

REFLECTION
In this Activity i learned the pathway of the air that is going inside our body.I knew that diaphragm is also important in out breathing system.I also learned the functions of the aveoli

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Directions: Read and analyze each statement and write your answers on your answer sheets

Critical thinking questions.

1.cilia (sing, cillium) line the nasal cavity and other respiratory tubes, describe the function of cillia in the respiratory tract.

●Cilia (singular: cilium) are microscopic, hair-like structures that extend outwardfrom the surface of manyanimal cells. Multiple cilia willwave in a rhythmic or pulsating motion, and use that motion to keep sensitive internal passagewaysfree of mucus or foreign particles, for example.

2.After playing basketball Reb takes several deep and rapid breaths . After a while he felt dizzy.Describe what was happened

●Your breathing and heart rate increase so that more oxygenated blood can flow into your muscles.  your heart may not be pumping enough oxygenated blood into your brain. Dizziness can occur whenever the brain is starved for oxygen.

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WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IS IT HELPS US TO LIVE,IT IS THE PART OF OUR BODY THAT HELPS US TO BREATH AND TO TAKE IN OXYGEN,WHEN OUR RESPIRATORY SYSTEM HAVE SOME DIFFICULTY IT IS HARD FOR US TO BREATH.

#WEEK1RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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REFLECTION
When i was doing this activity i learned the important part of the respiratory system,how it works and what where it is place.I was enjoying this activity, i enjoyed drawing.

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Directions:The respiratory is compose of organs for breathing and respiration.Can u guess which organ is described?

1.The passage from the trachea to either left or right lung
●bronchi
2.Also knowm as windpipe
●trachea
3.Sac of the lungs in which the exchange of gasses between the cells of the body and the external inviroment takes place
●Alveoli

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Activity 2.1 : Getting the know of components of cirulatory system

Objective: identify the components of the circulatory system
Material:Science book, diagram of the circulatory system.
Procedure:
1.Read the following paragraph about the circulatory system
2.Using the imformation given,fill in the missing parts,descriptions and functions to complete the graphic organizer.write your answers on your answer sheets.

QUESTIONS:

1. WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?
●these are the three independent system parts of circulatory system it consist of the heart,blood,blood vessels,lymph and lymphatic vessels

2.What are the main functions of the circulatory system?
●The main function of the circulatory system is to carry oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells, it also removes waste products, like carbon dioxide.

3.differentiate the three types of blood circulation
●There are three types of circulation found within humans. Systemic circulation, pulmonary circulation and portal circulation. Systemic circulation describes the movement of blood from the heart via arteries to the periphery, and back to the heart via the veins. Pulmonary circulation describes the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. Portal circulation describes the movement of blood from the gut area via the liver to the heart.

HOW DO YOU THINK OUR CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DIFFERS TO THAT OF AN EARTH WORM?

REFLECTION
In this activity i learned the parts of the circulatory system there are three independent parts in this system it is the heart,blood,and blood vessels,lymph and lymphatic vessels.The main function of the circulatory is to carry oxygen to the cells.I also learned the three types of nlood circulation

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Activity 2.2: The Heart

Objective:Identify the parts of the heart and trace the pathway of blood
Material:Science book,illustration of the human heart
Procedure
Refer to the diagram and check your understanding of the human heart by giving the functions of each given part

ACTIVITIES

QUESTIONS

1.Describe how the heart works
●The right side of your heart receives oxygen-poor blood from your veins and pumps it to your lungs, where it picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide. The left side of your heart receives oxygen-rich blood from your lungs and pumps it through your arteries to the rest of your body.

2.How does the heart compare to a mechanical pump?
●The heart pumps blood and circulate it throughout the body through our veins, while mechanical pump pumps the fluid from low pressure area to a higher pressure area and delivers this fluid to the pump outlet. Both mechanical pump and heart works continuously.

3.Trace the pathway of the blood by naming in sequence the parts of the heart in which it passes.
●Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium. As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the open tricuspid valve.

REFLECTION
I was amaze how our heart work,it pumps the blood all through out our body.I learned the path way of our blood in pir body.

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Right atrium-The right atrium is the first chamber of the heart to receive deoxygenated and carbon dioxide-rich systemic blood from the body.
Right ventricle-The right ventricle is the chamber within the heart that is responsible for pumping oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs
Left ventricle-The left ventricle functions to pump oxygenated blood from the lungs out to the body
Pulmonary artery-are responsible for carrying the oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs and carrying the deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Left atrium-left atrium is the first chamber to receive the oxygenated blood returning from the lungs.
Aorta-the aorta is the main artery that carries blood away from your heart to the rest of your body.

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Activity 2.3 the respiratory system working together with the circulatory system

Objective: describe how the respiratory system and circulatory system work together.
Materials:Science book, illlustration of human heart and lungs
Procedure
Study the diagram and answer the questions that follows

ACTIVITIES

QUESTIONS

1.How do the lungs and heart work together?
●The heart and lungs work together to make sure the body has the oxygen-rich blood it needs to function properly. The Pulmonary Loop The right side of the heart picks up the oxygen-poor blood from the body and moves it to the lungs for cleaning and re-oxygenating.

2.why is the blood from the heart should be transported to the lungs?
●The pulmonary artery channels oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle into the lungs, where oxygen enters the bloodstream. The pulmonary veins bring oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium. The aorta channels oxygen-rich blood to the body from the left ventricle.

3.How does the respiratory system and the circulatory system work together?
●The respiratory system works directly with the circulatory system to provide oxygen to the body. Oxygen taken in from the respiratory system moves into blood vessels that then circulate oxygen-rich blood to tissues and cells.

Applying inquiry skills
Rolando has a chest wound.The attending nurse notice that Rolando is breathing rapidly and gasping for breath.Why does rolamdos breathing rate increases?why does he gasp?
●its because maybe the knife touched some important part of his lungs thats why hes having a hard time to breath

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Directions: Read and analyze each statement.Write your answer in ypur answer sheets.

Crirical Questions

1. How the does the structure of capillaries compare to that of arteries and veins
●Capillaries consist of a single layer of epithelial cells, the endothelium tunic (tunica intima). Veins and arteries both have two further tunics that surround the endothelium: the middle, tunica media is composed of smooth muscle, while the outer tunica externa is connective tissue (collagen and elastic fibers)

2.What are valves in the heart for?
●Capillaries consist of a single layer of epithelial cells, the endothelium tunic (tunica intima). Veins and arteries both have two further tunics that surround the endothelium: the middle, tunica media is composed of smooth muscle, while the outer tunica externa is connective tissue (collagen and elastic fibers)

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Common name: PHILIPPINE EAGLE
Scientific name: Pithecophaga jefferyi
Habitat: Montane forest

Ways to save them: To protect the eagles, we
must protect the monkeys and civets and other animals they need for food, the plants and animals that monkeys and civets feed on, and the trees that Philippine Eagles nest in, which helps protect the other animals that use these trees for food, shelter, and space.

Fact's about them: The Philippine eagle, also known as the monkey-eating eagle or great Philippine eagle, is an endangered species of eagle of the family Accipitridae which is endemic to forests in the Philippines

Reasons why they are endangered: Among the rarest and most powerful birds in the world, it has been declared the Philippine national bird. ... It is critically endangered, mainly due to massive loss of habitat resulting from deforestation in most of its range

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1.Biodiversity is important to humans for many reasons. Ecological life support— biodiversity provides functioning ecosystems that supply oxygen, clean air and water, pollination of plants, pest control, wastewater treatment and many ecosystem services. ...
2.Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation. A loss of habitat can happen naturally. ... Human activity can also contribute to a loss of habitat. Development for housing, industry, and agriculture reduces the habitat of native organisms.
3.

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=========================== A N S W E R S =========================

1. State the 5 reasons why the mammoth elephant became extinct.
-  Woolly mammoths, however, began to go extinct about 10,000 years ago, when they shared the Earth with humans who were no different anatomically than humans today.
- Reduction of habitat Humans hunted thisration of humans across the Bering Strait to North America during the last ice age 20,000 years ago.
- Humans hunted these animals.
- Climate change and human hunting led to their extinction.

2. Name as many human activities that threaten biodiversity.
|HABITAT DESTRUCTION|
* Conversion to human use

|POLLUTION|
•Sonar Pollution
•  Light Pollution
•  Noise Pollution
• Enormous Disasters
• Hormone Mimics
• Waste Disposal

|RESOURCES EXPLOITATION|
*  cutting trees
*  using of granade dor fishing
*  hunting ang trapping

|INTRODUCTION OF EXOTIC SPECIES|
- Introduced species that have profound effects on their new ecosystems have been termed invasive species. These effects include outcompeting native species, sometimes causing their extinction, and altering ecosystem functioning.

3. Create a comment about the human population in relation to Ecology.
- The impact of so many humans on the environment takes two major forms: consumption of resources such as land, food, water, air, fossil fuels and minerals. waste products as a result of consumption such as air and water pollutants, toxic materials and greenhouse gases. Meaning, the higher population, the higher needs to provide by our environment and The higher population, the higher pollution may acquire by our environment. Carrying Capacity. There was no way that human population could increase indefinitely without having some sort enough fact only environment and the environments

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Module 6

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Week 1

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When an electron of an element absorbs energy moves to higher level.the same electron can return to any of the lower energy.

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Q15.covalent bonds form between atoms due to sharing of electrons to attain stability
Q16.Non-metals are the only one that form covalent bond.it is somehow possible to form non polar covalent bond on non-metals
Q17.diomotic molecules always form nom-metal covalent bonds because when they react to each other the amount of valence electrons are ewually shared so they have equal electronegativity values
Q18.polar covalent happens when the difference of electronegativty is more than 0.1 and less than 1.9 when non pklar happen when less than 0.4

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Q7.
Alkanes has single bonds
Alkenes has double bonds
Alkynes has triple bonds
Q8.
Alkanes
Methane,ethane,propane,butane are in gas state
Pentene,heptene,hexene,octane are in liquid state
Alkenes
Etane,propne,1-butane are in gas state
1-pentene and 1 hexene are in liquid
Alkynes
Ethene propene and 2 butane are i gas
Pentyne is in liquid
Q9:The boiling point will increase with a longer carbon chain, because the compound surface area increases, as each of them must absorb heat for boiling the substance.
Q10: The state of matter depends on the force that hold particles of matter together. Therefore if the between them is weak this will then produce a gaseous matter, if the moderate it will give us a liquid material and if the force between themis great this will produce solid material.
Q11: Because of the special characteristics of carbon atom. It has four valence electrons. This property of carbon enables it to form four covalent bonds with other elements. It can also form different kind of bonds like single bond, double bond and triple bond
Q12: Hydrocarbon compounds liquid: Octane and pentene is a hydrocarbon compound used as components of gasoline. Petroleum and diesels used for engine. Hydrocarbon compounds gases such as methane propene, ethyne. Methane gas is used as fuels for LPG or even lighters. Ethyne can be used in flame torch. Butane is used for fuels too.

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Q21:fermeted soda, energy drink, mouth wash, inhalers, sand sanitizer, beer, wines, perfume etc.
Q22:alcohols are important because some can be use as antiseptic like 70%, some are use in organic solvents like in the preparation of like phenolphthalien solution and some are used as preservatives and also in alcoholic bevarages.
Q23:The type of bond present in ethyl, methyl and isopropyl alcohol is the only single bond
Q24:Because alcohol are group of organic compounds that contain hydroxyl group that is chemical bonded to carbon atom in the compound and thats why they a similar properties

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i put all the ingredients such as sweet potato leaves,chopped onions and tomatoes,salt and pepper to taste and some fish sauce

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heres my finish product of my sweet potato leaves salad

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/15pArb5hHGtjGxCiJ8-ANFUasWLQmkIkOTiwkt0TlMas/edit?usp=drivesdk

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Composite volcano
30° slope

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Guide questions
1.volcanoes and geothermal energy are commonly found near plate bounderies volcanoes lava dome or in mountains terrain
2.volcanoes are source of heat that is need to geothermal energy
3. Because of the heat releases by the volcano
4.because the heat of volcano never gets lower because the earth never loses its heat
5.beacause out country is near the pacific ring of fire, there are more volcahoes here in the philippines that source of heat of that geothermal energy