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Question 1: You're a doctor intern treating a patient. You have normal saline which contains 0.8 M NaCl, and normal RBCs have 0.9 M NaCl concentration and you decide to inject it into him. What would happen to the red blood cells?

Answer: The red blood cells would swell up slightly because it is hypertonic, a solution with a higher solute concentration. The blood cell is hypertonic Hypertonic solution is a solution with a higher solute concentration. Through Osmosis, the process of chemicals moving from a lower concentration area to a higher concentration, the saline would permeate through the RBC membranes and swell up.

Question 2: A journalist is interviewing you on your new research on RBCs and their efficiency. He doesn't get why RBCs' shape looks like that. Explain to them why RBCs need the biconcave structure and what happens if it doesn't.

Answer: RBCs' main goal is to transport oxygen through our body's narrow veins. The biconcave shape allows for a larger surface area, meaning chemicals and molecules can pass through the cell membrane more efficiently. To have faster chemical exchanges and hoard as much oxygen as possible, it needs the biconcave shape to maximize efficiency. If the RBCs was bigger or a ball-shaped, it would have less surface area, and they wouldn't transport as fast in our blood veins, meaning you would lack oxygen and experience intense fatigue.

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Hemoglobin develops in the bone marrow, which becomes red blood cells.

Each hemoglobin molecule is has a tetrahedral structure: made up of 4 heme groups surrounding a globin group.

It is made up of 8 different molecules: 4 red pigments called heme that contains irons and surrounding 4 proteins called globin

The two main components of hemoglobin synthesis are globin production and heme synthesis. Together, they make hemoglobin.

Globin production occurs by translation in the cytosol of red blood cells.

Heme synthesis happens in both the cytosol and the mitochondria of red blood cells. The iron ion incorporates into the condensed succinyl-CoA and amino acid glycine.

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Red blood cell contains transport protein called Hemoglobin.

● Hemoglobin holds oxygen. It releases and binds to oxygen and transports to all cells in our body.
● After maturation, new protein synthesis does not happen because mature red blood cell got rid of ribosomes and all unnecesary organelles.
● Therefore, hemoglobin creation only happens in immature red blood cells.

● Each cell contains 250 million hemoglobin and each red blood cell contains 1 billion oxygen molecules.

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Specialized Organelles: The Missing Nucleus

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Specialized Organelles: The Missing Nucleus

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RBC don't have nucleus, a membrane-bound organelle that controls overall activity of the cell and holds DNA information.

At the early stages of its life, RBCs do contain most of the organelles such as DNA and nucleus. As it matures, they get rid of the unnecessary organelles to create more space for their vital mission: to move hemoglobin and oxygen.

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1. Transport oxygen from lungs to everywhere else in our body.
2. Transport carbon dioxide from body to the lungs to be exhaled.

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Cell Membrane controls the molecules and chemicals moving in and out of RBCs.

RBCs have a unique biconcave shape which allows for a large surface area. The shape allows for more efficient gas exchange and move seamlessly throughout the tiny blood vessels.