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Questions: (convergent, divergent, or transform boundary)

What happens if the edges of two tectonic plates collide?

What happens if the plates separate?

What happens if the two tectonic plates scrape past one another?

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Key Takeaways:

Earth’s structure allows for the movement of tectonic plates, supporting the Theory of Continental Drift.

Convection in Earth’s mantle allows for the tectonic plates in Earth’s crust to move.

Tectonic plates move and interact with each other in three distinct ways: convergent boundary, divergent boundary, and transform boundary.

Key Vocabulary

crust

mantle

core

convection

Theory of Plate Tectonics

plate boundary

convergent boundary

divergent boundary

transform boundary

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Key Takeaways:

The Theory of Continental Drift states that all continents were once joined together in a single landmass (known as Pangaea) and have since very slowly drifted apart.

Note: Alfred Wegener supported this hypothesis with evidence from land features, fossils, and climates, but his ideas were rejected by the scientific community because he could not explain how the continents moved apart.

Key Vocabulary

Pangaea

Theory of Continental Drift

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"Continental Drift Pangea Final" Pangea Plate Tectonics (english version)

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Based on the fossils in each layer, which layers are from the Precambrian time? Paleozoic Era? Mesozoic Era? Cenozoic Era?

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Key Takeaways:

Earth’s geologic time scale is divided into different eras, classified by major events and developments in Earth’s history.

Precambrian time, Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era, and Cenozoic Era have distinguishable characteristics between them.

Key Vocabulary

Precambrian time

Paleozoic Era

Mesozoic Era

Cenozoic Era

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Copy of Sci 4_Scenes from Geologic Eras_FINAL

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Parents and guardians, please refer to this unit-specific content guide for extra support during at-home practice.

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H6 G4 Unit 5 Family Guide - Earth's Changing Landscape

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Key Takeaways:

The fossil record can be used to determine the relative age of rock formations and how lands may have been connected in the past.

Index fossils are widely distributed and represent a type of organism that existed only briefly (usually found in one rock layer) and can be used to match and date rock layers from different parts of the world.

Key Vocabulary

index fossil

fossil record

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Key Takeaways:

The Law of Superposition states that horizontal sedimentary rock layers include the oldest layer at the bottom and each higher layer is younger than the layers below it.

Geologists can estimate a geological timeline by determining the relative age of rock layers by studying their order, in addition to any disruptions like faults, intrusions, or extrusions of igneous rocks.

Key Vocabulary

Law of Superposition

relative dating

fault

intrusion

extrusion

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Key Takeaways:

Earth’s crust is made up of several types of rock that slowly and continually change over time. The rock cycle can be analyzed to determine the type of rock based on the processes that occurred to form or change it.

Key Vocabulary

igneous rock

metamorphic rock

sedimentary rock

magma

rock cycle

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Copy of Sci 4_Rock Cycle Simulation_FINAL

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Work Expectations - using the Science Plan to Solve

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Work Expectations - using the Science Plan to Solve

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Remember to show your full thinking on every assignment by following these steps!

1) Mind Movie - after reading the problem carefully, I will ask myself: what scientific facts are important to this story? (jot/underline important information!)

2) Unpacking the Question - after reading the question carefully, I will ask myself: what scientific facts is this question asking me to think about? (keep jotting/underlining if it helps!)

3) Text Features - now that I've read the problem and the question, I will go back to the text features in the story and think: what scientific evidence is going to help me answer the question?

4) Double-Check: Before the timer goes off, I will ask: did I read every word and follow every direction?

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Vocabulary (click on link for flash card practice)

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Vocabulary (click on link for flash card practice)

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fossil – the remains or impression of an organism preserved in rock

rock layer – a horizontal layer of rock, especially one of several parallel layers arranged one on top of another

strata – a layer of rock or soil in the ground

igneous rock – rock formed from cooled, solidified lava/magma

metamorphic rock – rock that has been changed by extreme heat and pressure

sedimentary rock – rock formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment that frequently contains fossils

magma – the molten rock material that originates under the Earth's crust and forms igneous rock when it has cooled—when reaches the surface of our planet through a volcano vent it is also known as lava

rock cycle – a representation of the transitions made over time amongst the three main rock types

Law of Superposition – in undisturbed rock layers, the youngest layer is on the top and the oldest layer is on the bottom

relative dating – to find out the relative order of past events without finding out the exact date of when the events happened

fault – a break in the Earth’s crust that causes one or both sides to move past each other

intrusion – when magma comes up into rocks but does not break the surface

extrusion – when magma comes up into rocks and breaks the surface

index fossil – fossils that are used to define and identify geologic periods

fossil record – the information that has been collected from the total number of fossils that have been discovered

Precambrian time – The earliest part of Earth’s history; the earliest eon. The emergence of multicellular life is generally considered to mark the end of this time period.

Paleozoic Era – The era following the Precambrian time. The beginning of this era is characterized by a great diversity of marine invertebrate animals. Primitive fish and reptiles, land plants, and insects also first appeared during this time.

Mesozoic Era – This era followed the Paleozoic Era and included the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous Periods. It is characterized by the development of flying reptiles, birds, and flowering plants as well as the appearance and extinction of dinosaurs.

Cenozoic Era – The most recent era of geologic time, beginning from about 65 million years ago to the present. This era is characterized by the formation of modern continents and the diversification of mammals and plants.

Pangaea – a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras

Theory of Continental Drift – this theory states that continents move across the Earth’s surface

crust – the outermost layer of Earth

mantle – the middle layer of the Earth that can be found between the core and the crust—this layer is composed of magma

core – the central or innermost layer of the Earth—it has two distinct layers known as the inner core and outer core

convection – when heated molecules move from one place to another in a fluid and cause movement—this occurs in the Earth’s mantle and causes movement in tectonic plates

Theory of Plate Tectonics – this theory states that the Earth’s surface (crust) is divided into plates which move across the Earth’s mantle—the movement of these plates can cause mountain formation and some natural disasters

plate boundary – the location where two tectonic plates meet

convergent boundary – a place where two tectonic plates move toward each other and collide

divergent boundary – a place where two tectonic plates move away from each other

transform boundary – a place where two tectonic plates slide sideways past each other

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How is it possible that Lystrosaurus fossils were found on three continents?