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That honor goes to Sir John Harington, an Elizabethan courtier, translator and writer who installed a flush toilet in the palace of Queen Elizabeth in 1591. Harington described his invention in "The Metamorphosis of Ajax," the first book in a saucy trilogy that threw the writer into disgrace.

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Many people were involved in the development of television. Even Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison theorized about transmitting images and sounds at the same time. Since the demonstration of modern television in 1939 at the New York World’s Fair, the world changed. This technology allowed people to witness historical moments. By the end of 1949, only about a million Americans owned a television. However. the number skyrocketed four years later to roughly 25 million.

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Artificial refrigeration didn't come until 1748, when the physician William Cullen  first demonstrated evaporative cooling. Further breakthroughs came in 1834, when a vapor-compression system was developed by American engineer Jacob Perkins. In 1876, German engineer Carl von Linde came up with a process of liquifying the gas, ushering in the era of commercial refrigeration. In 1913, American engineer Fred Wolf invented the first domestic refrigerator, and as demand for fresh produce grew, so did the number of households with refrigerators.

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The invention of the light bulb transformed our world by removing our dependence on natural light, allowing us to be productive at any time, day or night.  Several inventors were instrumental in developing this revolutionary technology throughout the 1800s; Thomas Edison is credited as the primary inventor because he created a completely functional lighting system, including a generator and wiring as well as a carbon-filament bulb like the one above, in 1879.

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German inventor Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press sometime between 1440 and 1450. Key to its development was the hand mold, a new molding technique that enabled the rapid creation of large quantities of metal movable type. Though others before him — including inventors in China and Korea — had developed movable type made from metal, Gutenberg was the first to create a mechanized process that transferred the ink (which he made from linseed oil and soot) from the movable type to paper.

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Martin Copper, researcher and executive at Motorola, invented the portable handheld phone in 1973. Martin Cooper’s invention became the groundwork for further development that led us to the smartphone. It took the company a whole decade before the DynaTAC 8000x hit store shelves. DynaTAC stands for Dynamic Adaptive Total Area Coverage. Manufactured from 1983 to 1994, a single unit cost nearly $4,000 (or the equivalent of around $9,500 in 2017) during its first year.

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Edwin Land granted the wish that his daughter made in 1943; she wanted to see the photographs her father captured instantly.

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When the original Nintendo Game Boy hit the market in 1989, it was so popular and groundbreaking — the name Nintendo became synonymous with the term video game.

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While writing and calligraphy have been in existence since ancient times, the ballpoint pen is relatively new. America’s first ballpoint pen, the Reynolds Rocket, went on sale at Gimbels in October 1945; a unit cost about $12.50 or the equivalent of $170 in 2017 dollars. There had been multiple attempts by many people to create a reliable ballpoint pen long before Milton Reynolds did it.

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The predecessor to the hair dryer has been around since 1890, starting in France. Back then, it was called a blow dryer because you would use it to apply heat to anything other than just hair. There are many similarities and differences between the blow dryer and hair dryer, but it is obvious that the latter is designed specifically for hair-styling purposes. Early models were bulky and hard to operate. Hamilton Beach was one of the companies that contributed to the invention of the portable hair dryer in the 1920s.

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While the first generation of zipper called the “clasp-locker” was invented in 1893 by Whitcomb L. Judson, the modern iteration of the zipper we all know, use, and are familiar with today was developed in 1913. It was slow to catch up with the world and only about 24,000 of them were sold in the first four years.

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A project funded by the U.S. Department of Defense called ARPANET in the 1960s set the groundwork for the Internet as we know it today. ARPANET successfully created a network where multiple computers could send and receive data, but the functionality was limited to a single network. Vint Cerf and Robert E Kahn developed the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) in the 1970s, which became the standard networking protocol for ARPANET and the modern Internet we use today.

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Caresse Crosby, in her teenage years living as a socialite in Manhattan, was the first to introduce a simple harness system for women’s breasts in 1914.