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This picture of a phasmid represents a species. Species is a term used to describe a group or class of individuals sharing common attributes and a common designation. In this case, the phasmid symbolizes the insect species, which is part of the larger classification of species known as the animal kingdom.

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This is a closed up picture of the stigma of a flower, where the pollen is located. Pollen grains embody the male counterparts in the sexual reproduction of seed plants. Each grain contains a sperm cell of the plant, which then needs to fertilize an egg cell. Through this process seeds are created. The plant then sheds these seeds over a large geographical range and the process continues.

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This is a picture of a yellow Garden Mum, a long-day plant. Long-day plants utilize the phytochrome system to adapt to the short-nights of spring and absorb the red light of full sunlight. Thus, they begin forming flower buds when the days are longer than their critical day length. Allowing them to flower during the Spring season.

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This picture of a plant and a fungus represents a mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizae refers to the symbiotic relationship between the vascular roots of a plant and its corresponding fungi. In mycorrhizae, the funds uses its extensive network of hyphae and large surface area in order to transmit to the plant water and nutrients necessary for photosynthesis. In return, the plant provides the fungus with the products from the photosynthesis to fuel the fungus.

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This picture of a tree with fungus on it represents lichen. Lichens are a composition of fungi and algae that can be found worldwide and are usually attached to the bark of trees, exposed, rock, or as part of soil crust. These organisms can colonize extensive ranges of surfaces. There are around 15,000 types of these symbiotic species throughout the world.

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This picture of a mosquito represents parasitism, a process in which the mosquito acts as a messenger. Parasitism refers to the relationship between a parasite and its host. A parasite is an organism that lives in or on another organism (host) and derives its sustenance from said organism. This usually leaves the host in a state of weakness as the parasite absorbs all of the nutrients and resources that the host requires to maintain itself. However, a parasite is not likely to kill its host, since it requires it as a means through which to reproduce and spread to another host. A common method of transport for parasites are mosquitoes, these allow the parasite to travel from host to host.

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This picture of a sea star represents the Pisaster ochraceus sea star, a keystone species. Keystone species are those which are key in maintaining the balance of an ecosystem. Without these, the ecosystem would lose diversity and would undoubtedly suffer the risk of extinction. An example of this is the the Pisaster ochraceus sea star. It has been shown that when this species is removed, the population of its natural prey, the mussels, increase. Therefore, the ecosystem loses balance and biodiversity is lost.

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This picture of a horse represents an introduced species, given the fact that it is not native to the United States. The term introduced species refers to a species that has been intentionally or accidentally transported to an environment to which it is non-native. The term can refer to animals, plants, fungi, or microorganisms. Introduced species can cause destabilization to established ecosystems and their introductions regularly turn out to have negative consequences in the environment. However, they can also bring positive impacts and assimilate into the ecosystem.

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This picture of a cockroach represents a hydrophobic creature, therefore, it interacts negatively when exposed to water. However, the term hydrophobic is employed mainly to describe non-polar substances or fats that do not dissolve when exposed in water, but rather they separate from and do not interact well with it (the “hydro” means “water” and the “phobic” means “fearing”). Lipids are largely non-polar in nature, with the exception of phospholipids that contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic aspects.

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This picture of a fish represents a hydrophilic creature, therefore, it is able to interact positively in water. However, the term hydrophilic is mainly used to describe polar substances that interact and/or dissolve readily when exposed to water (the “hydro” means “water” and the “philic” means “loving”). In chemistry, examples of hydrophilic functional groups are the carboxyl and carbonyl group. Another example is the phospholipid, which contains a tail that is hydrophobic and a head that is hydrophilic.

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This is a picture of a baby pig, which represents an animal. Moreover, animals are capable of maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the ability that organisms possess to maintain internal conditions—such as pH, proper temperature, and appropriate concentration of specific chemicals—despite environmental changes. All living organisms share this ability, however, they all possess different methods through which they carry this out. For example, humans have perspiration in order to release body heat and maintain homeostasis.

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This picture of a cat represents a heterotroph. A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food for sustenance and thus, it must consume the sugars—or food—produced by photosynthetic organisms for sustenance. Examples of heterotrophs include animals, fungi, and most bacteria. Heterotrophs depend in photosynthesis since plants use it to produce the carbohydrates that heterotrophic organisms require in order to power the synthesis of ATP via respiration.

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The picture of this dog represents glycogen, which the dog--and any animal--possesses. Glycogen is a polymer of glucose that is used as an energy storage molecule in animals. Therefore, glycogen can only be found in animals and humans. Glycogen is located in the liver and muscle, where it is made and stored until necessary. When adequate levels of ATP are present, energy is stored in the form of glycogen. Conversely, the glycogen undergoes hydrolization and is converted into glucose monomers in the case of a drop in blood sugar levels.

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This picture of a bird symbolizes an eukaryote. Eukaryotes are organisms that have a membrane bond nucleus, as well as membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotic organisms are also known as microorganisms. Eukaryotes also possess multiple linear chromosomes, while prokaryotes only have a single circular chromosome. Examples of eukaryotic organisms primarily include animals, as well as plants.

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This picture of a bunny represents the process of Meiosis, which the animal must utilize in order to reproduce. Meiosis is a type of cell division which has the purpose of producing haploid cells. Which contain exactly one copy of each homologous chromosome and will eventually unite during fertilization in order to produce one diploid cell. Most eukaryotes, both unicellular and multicellular rely on some form of Meiosis and fertilization in order to continue the sexual reproductive cycle.

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This picture of a bird represents an endotherm. An endotherm is an organism that generates most of its necessary body heat internally through metabolism. Endotherms include mostly birds, and mammals, however, there are certain fish who are also endothermic. Endothermic organisms are also known as warm-blooded. Endotherms can maintain a steady body temperature regardless of their environment. However, due to the need for food to maintain body temperature, endotherms need to consume 90% more calories than a similarly sized ectotherm. Nonetheless, the extra heat generated by endothermic organisms allows them to have an advantage in terms of activity in cold environments over ectotherms.

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This picture of a lizard represents a reptile, which is a type of ectotherm. An ectotherm is an organism that obtains its main source of body heat from the environment surrounding it. Ectothermic organisms include invertebrates, amphibians, and reptiles as mentioned above. Ectothermic organisms are also known as cold-blooded. Ectotherms regularly burn less of the energy they obtain for respiration and heat than endotherms. Therefore, in terms of net production efficiency, ectothermic organisms have a magnitude of 10 times higher than endotherms.

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This picture of a plant and a bee represents the concept of coevolution. Coevolution is the term used to describe the process of reciprocal evolutionary change that occurs between two or more species. This is displayed in nature as a change in the morphology of a plant might affect the morphology of the herbivore that digests it. Which, in turn, can affect the evolution of the plant, and thus it can affect the evolution of the herbivore, etc. There are many forms of coevolution, but the main ones include: predator and prey, parasite and host, and mutualistic species. Coevolution is one of the primary methods through which biological communities organize themselves.

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This picture of a log represents cambium. The cambium is located between the xylem, or wood, and the phloem—bast. The cambium is composed of cells that are that have the task of generating the vascular system of the stem, or trunk. The cambial cells are also partially specialized in the transportation of water. In addition, the modern gymnosperms known as Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, and Ginkgophyta share similarities in their production of secondary cambium.

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This is a picture of flowers, which symbolize a plant. Therefore, it represents an autotroph. An autotroph is an organism that, unlike animals, can produce its own food for sustenance with the use of dihydrogen monoxide, carbon dioxide, light, as well as other chemicals. While plants are the most common type of autotroph, there are many types of autotrophic organisms. Some examples of autotrophs include algae, phytoplankton, and certain types of bacteria. Because of their ability to produce their own food, autotrophic organisms are also called producers.