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http://www.ultimateungulate.com/perissodactyla.html

http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Perissodactyla/

http://www.livescience.com/27686-mustangs.html

http://animals.mom.me/habitat-wild-mustang-4549.html

http://tapirs.org/tapirs/

https://animalcorner.co.uk/animals/tapir/

http://paleoportal.org/

http://www.thehorse.com/articles/34382/where-did-horses-extra-toes-go

http://www.digimorph.org/resources/tapirs.phtml

http://creation.com/evolution-of-the-rhinoceros-preposterous

https://evolutionisntscience.wordpress.com/evolution-frauds/

http://perissodactyla.weebly.com/evolution-of-perissodactyla.html

http://www.bioexpedition.com/tapir/

http://www.gaitedhorses.net/BreedArticles/IceBreedDesc.htm

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Directional evolution happened within tapirs, horses and rhinos. Horses evolved to what they are because their environment changed and they needed to survive. Same with rhinos, they had to adapt to survive in hot, sunny climates. Tapirs barely had to change because they stayed in the rainforests and thrived there. Although their coats needed to change and so did their noses. Their nose grew longer to help them get food, they can also use their nose as a snorkel when they swim.

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Descent with modification happened because as the animals reproduced, the desirable traits were passed down. Traits like one toe, three toes, tails, large snout, or horns were passed down to the offspring. This depended on who an organism was breeding with.

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Nonrandom mating- Evolving organisms in this group would mate and reproduce with animals that have the desirable traits. This depended on where the organism lived. If it was an evolving horse, it would mate with an organism with traits like long legs. Or with an organism that developed hooves instead of toes.
Random mating- This occurred with tapirs. This caused them to evolve less, mostly because they did not have to.
Microevolution- Microevolution occurred with perissodactyla toes. Organisms like horse and zebras got rid of their third toe. Animals like rhinos and tapirs did not because it benefitted them.

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The evolution within the perissodactyla order is divergent evolution. It all started from one organism and it developed very differently. The changes depended on the environment that it lived in. Each organism had to adapt to a different environment.

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Gradual speciation happened with the perissodactyla order. They all started as small, dog-like creature. They lived in jungles and tropical environments. Some type of environmental change happened which created a need for the species to evolve. If the environment changed to a grassland, the small animal had to grow longer legs so it can run from predators, since it no longer is hidden by trees. Those organisms also developed a tail so it can swat insects away. These changes turned into the horse. The horse also had no need for a third toe, and that eventually disappeared. Perissodactyla that still lived in the jungle areas remained mostly the same. They were the same height, however they grew long noses to help them get food from high bushes. Those are now called tapirs. All the changes within the perissodactyla order were gradual and happened over time.

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The horse, rhino, and tapir embryo developments look different. However, they have similar structures once they are developed. They are also similar because they carry one offspring at a time.

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-Horses have 64 chromosomes
-Tapirs have 50-80 chromosomes
-Rhinos have 82 chromosomes
The difference in the amount of chromosomes shows how the organisms are different.

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-Similar leg structures
-All have hooves
-Horse and rhino are both large
-Once has 3 toes
-Foot structure used for their benefit
-Tapirs and rhinos run in a similar way
-Similar stomachs
-Elongated heads
-Eyes on side of head
-Similar teeth to chew vegetation
-Tapir and rhino have hard skin
-Before evolution, perissodactyla organisms looked like tapirs

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Found- Nebraska

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Age- 65 million years old

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Age- 55 million years old

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Age- 55 million years old

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Time period- Quaternary
Age- 1.8 million years old

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Time period- Quaternary
Age- 1.8 million years old

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Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mamalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Rhinoceroditade
Genus: Rhinoceros
Species:  Rhinoceros Sondaicus

Rhinos live in Asia and Africa. They are located in savannahs, dense forests, grasslands, and tropical areas.
Rhinos usually look the same no matter where they are located. All rhinos have a large horn at the end of their nose with a smaller one behind it. A rhino's color is usually grey but it can be black or white. They also have very thick skin and have very small hairs on their body.
Rhinos are not herd animals. They like to live alone, and are very territorial. Rhinos are also very aggressive.

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Common name: Mustang
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mamalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Equidae
Genus: Tapirus
Species:  Tapirus Indicus

Tapirs are located in Southeast Asia. They live in rain forests, swamps, and sometimes mountains.
A tapir's appearance varies throughout all tapirs. All tapirs have a prehensile nose. This helps them to pick up food from the ground and put it in their mouth. Tapirs are usually black or brown and sometimes have spots. They also have three toes unlike the horse that has one large hoof. Tapirs are also short and stocky animals. They have tough hides that protect them from thorns and thistles.
Tapirs are also nocturnal and enjoy swimming. They can also climb very well, since some tapirs live in the mountains.

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Common name: Mustang
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mamalia
Order: Perissodactyla
Family: Equidae
Genus: Equus
Species: Equus callabus

Mustangs are wild horses that live in Western or Eastern United States. The habitats of mustangs in the west vary from mountain ranges to deserts. Horses that live in the east live near beaches and islands.
Wild mustangs are usually 14-15 hands tall and weigh about 800 pounds. They are one of the bigger animals in the Perissodactyla group. Their coloring depends on their habitat but most mustangs are a sorrel or bay color. Some have patches, spots, and stripes. Unlike some of the other animals in it's order, it has one hoof and not three toes.
Horses are herd animals, and they like to stick with other horses. Their herds usually consist of 1 to 3 males and the rest are females. There is only one dominant male in the herd that breeds with all the mares. Mustangs spend almost all of their time grazing on vegetation.