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The Cuban Missile Crisis had a huge impact on the United States because it allowed us to realize we need to make better communications with each other and it prevented a huge war between US and the Soviets and the fight to end communism.

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#NuclearWar

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Create a new document and edit with others at the same time -- from your computer, phone or tablet. Get stuff done with or without an internet connection. Use Docs to edit Word files. Free from Google.

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#WeHateCommunism

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#Soviets

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#UnitedStates

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#FidelCastro

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#Kennedy

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#NoMoreWar

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#CubanMissileCrisis

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http://assets.nydailynews.com/polopoly_fs/1.1182242.1413404847!/img/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/gallery_1200/cuban-missile-crisis-1962.jpg

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Meeting being held with Kennedy and his administration

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Meeting being held with Kennedy and his administration

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https://www.jfklibrary.org/Asset-Viewer/Archives/JFKWHP-ST-A26-25-62.aspx

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ST-A26-25-62. Meeting of the Executive Committee of the National Security Council - John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum

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https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/10/11/1349977248118/Women-trike-For-Peace-013.jpg?w=300&q=55&auto=format&usm=12&fit=max&s=9c85d45b4aed62ccfcd59cbe55a1b7fa

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http://cdn.history.com/sites/2/2015/07/hith-cuban-missile-crisis.jpg

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Political cartoon of Kennedy and Khrushchev 

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Political cartoon of Kennedy and Khrushchev 

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https://i.ytimg.com/vi/UaTmYJJOy0M/maxresdefault.jpg

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This article discusses some things that people may find interesting about the crisis.

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Cuban Missile Crisis was a famous event during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Caused due to the placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba by the Soviet Union, it was the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full scale nuclear war. Know more about this 13 day tense drama as well as its causes and consequences through these 10 interesting facts.

#1 Bay of Pigs Invasion was a major cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis

A military invasion of Cuba by a CIA sponsored group took place in April 1961. Known as the Bay of Pigs Invasion after a bay in southern Cuba, it was thwarted by the Cuban armed forces in three days. The failure of Bay of Pigs Invasion strengthened the position of Cuban PM Fidel Castro and was an embarrassment for the US government led by John F. Kennedy. It also strengthened Cuba's ties with the Soviet Union and made Castro fear that a US invasion of Cuba was on the cards. US imposed embargo and continued covert operations against Castro's government. All this contributed to the Cuban Missile Crisis.

#2 The operation to place nuclear missiles in Cuba was code named Operation Anadyr

The two major superpowers at the time US and the Soviet Union were involved in a long conflict to dominate world affairs, which is well known as the Cold War. By 1962 there was presence of American nuclear missiles in Italy and Turkey against the Soviet Union with their capital Moscow within range. Expecting an invasion of Cuba which if successful would be a blow to the communist cause, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev and Fidel Castro agreed to place nuclear missiles secretly in Cuba. The Soviet code name for the operation was Operation Anadyr.

#3 Soviet Union used the strategy of Maskirovka for the operation

The Soviets employed the strategy of Maskirovka (Russian term for denial and deception) for Operation Anadyr. Like the name of the operation Anadyr was a river and town in the chilly far-east; soldiers were told that they were heading for a cold region and provided with winter equipment like ski boots; and KGB providing partially correct information to Cuban exile organizations which they knew American intelligence didn't trust and hence would discount their warning as blatant lies. Apart from the weapons, Soviets were able to transfer 40,000 troops to Cuba. Even after the discovery of the nature of the operation by US, CIA's estimate of the number of troops was 6,000 to 8,000.

#4 US gained clear evidence of the missiles through photographs taken from a U-2

Lockheed U-2 was a US intelligence gathering aircraft. Worried that Cuba would shoot down a CIA operated U-2 leading to another international event, US restricted U-2 flights over Cuban airspace for five weeks starting in September 1962. It was on October 14 that a U-2 flight piloted by Major Richard S. Heyser took photographs while making a high altitude pass over Cuba. The photos showed clear evidence of medium-range and intermediate-range ballistic missile facilities.

#5 EXCOMM was created by Kennedy to deal with the Cuban Missile Crisis

Upon being informed about the Crisis on October 16, US President John Kennedy convened a meeting of key advisers to discuss the course of action. He formally named the group Executive Committee of the National Security Council (EXCOMM). EXCOMM considered various options including full force invasion of Cuba, an air strike primarily on the missile bases and naval blockade to prevent further missiles from entering Cuba. By October 19, the blockade option was favored by most. It was considered a strong but limited military action which was unlikely to provoke a Soviet attack.

#6 US was preparing an invasion of Cuba just before the crisis was resolved

On the evening of October 22, President Kennedy informed the nation of the discovery of the nuclear missiles in Cuba and the US response of a naval blockade around Cuba in a nationwide televised address. On October 24, a crucial moment in the crisis arrived when Soviet ships neared the blockade but military confrontation was avoided. With the Soviet Union showing no inclination to back down, by October 26, US was in the early stages of preparing an invasion of Cuba and a nuclear strike on the Soviet Union presuming they would retaliate militarily to the Cuban invasion.

#7 Both sides compromised to end the Cuban Missile Crisis on October 28, 1962

After a period of tense negotiations started by a message from Khrushchev to Kennedy on October 26, the Cuban Missile Crisis came to an end on October 28. Soviet Union agreed to dismantle the weapons in Cuba and bring them back while the United States agreed that they would not invade Cuba without provocation and will publicly declare so. Secretly it was agreed that US would dismantle and remove their nuclear missiles from Turkey and Italy but will not declare this to the public.

#8 Nuclear war could have broken out during a dangerous moment in the crisis

On 27 October, 12 US Navy warships located the Soviet submarine B-59 near Cuba. They started to drop explosives to force the submarine to come to the surface for identification not knowing that it was armed with a nuclear-tipped torpedo. B-59 had not been in contact with Moscow for several days and the crew didn't know if war had broken out or not. The captain was adamant on launching the torpedo but such an action required the consent of the three primary officers on board. Officer Vasili Arkhipov alone opposed the launch and B-59 was forced to surface. The launch of that torpedo could have possibly started nuclear warfare between the two nations. In 2002, Thomas Blanton, Director of the National Security Archive, said that "a guy called Vasili Arkhipov saved the world".

#9 It led to the downfall of Nikita Khrushchev

As the withdrawal of US missiles from Turkey and Italy was a secret deal, Soviets were seen as retreating from a situation they had initiated. This led to criticism of Khrushchev and was in part responsible for his fall from power two years later. Although Cuba was protected from invasion, Castro was upset from Khrushchev as he hadn't been consulted before the decision to remove the missiles. This led to deterioration in Cuba-Soviet relations. Cuban Missile Crisis also led to the creation of Moscow-Washington hotline in 1963. It was a direct communication link between the two countries to prevent future crisis. A series of agreements after the crisis reduced US-Soviet tensions for a few years.

#10 The Cuban Missile Crisis lasted for 13 days

The Cuban Missile Crisis lasted for thirteen days from the time John Kennedy became aware of the situation to the announcement by Nikita Khrushchev on Radio Moscow that the missiles would be dismantled. Robert F. Kennedy, brother of President Kennedy, wrote the famous book Thirteen Days giving an account of the crisis. It was later adapted into a 2000 film of the same name. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full scale nuclear war. It remained the primary focus in media during its course with the world tensed over its outcome.

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10 Interesting Facts About The Cuban Missile Crisis

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Cuban Missile Crisis was a famous event during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. Caused due to the placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba by the Soviet Union, it was the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full scale nuclear war.

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This article describes how the Cuban missile crisis came to play and what occurred.

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Cuban Missile Crisis - Cold War - HISTORY.com

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Find out more about the history of Cuban Missile Crisis, including videos, interesting articles, pictures, historical features and more. Get all the facts on HISTORY.com

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#ColdWar

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Here is a video of when Kennedy had to inform the nation about the missiles in Cuba.

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Kennedy addresses the nation on the Cuban Missile Crisis

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Kennedy addresses the nation on the Cuban Missile Crisis

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This article shows facts about the missile crisis and what occurred.

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The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. The crisis was unique in a number of ways, featuring calculations and miscalculations as well as direct and secret communications and miscommunications between the two sides. The dramatic crisis was also characterized by the fact that it was primarily played out at the White House and the Kremlin level with relatively little input from the respective bureaucracies typically involved in the foreign policy process.

After the failed U.S. attempt to overthrow the Castro regime in Cuba with the Bay of Pigs invasion, and while the Kennedy administration planned Operation Mongoose, in July 1962 Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev reached a secret agreement with Cuban premier Fidel Castro to place Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba to deter any future invasion attempt. Construction of several missile sites began in the late summer, but U.S. intelligence discovered evidence of a general Soviet arms build-up on Cuba, including Soviet IL-28 bombers, during routine surveillance flights, and on September 4, 1962, President Kennedy issued a public warning against the introduction of offensive weapons into Cuba. Despite the warning, on October 14 a U.S. U-2 aircraft took several pictures clearly showing sites for medium-range and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles (MRBMs and IRBMs) under construction in Cuba. These images were processed and presented to the White House the next day, thus precipitating the onset of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Kennedy summoned his closest advisers to consider options and direct a course of action for the United States that would resolve the crisis. Some advisers-including all the Joint Chiefs of Staff-argued for an air strike to destroy the missiles, followed by a U.S. invasion of Cuba; others favored stern warnings to Cuba and the Soviet Union. The President decided upon a middle course. On October 22, he ordered a naval "quarantine" of Cuba. The use of "quarantine" legally distinguished this action from a blockade, which assumed a state of war existed; the use of "quarantine" instead of "blockade" also enabled the United States to receive the support of the Organization of American States.

That same day, Kennedy sent a letter to Khrushchev declaring that the United States would not permit offensive weapons to be delivered to Cuba, and demanded that the Soviets dismantle the missile bases already under construction or completed, and return all offensive weapons to the U.S.S.R. The letter was the first in a series of direct and indirect communications between the White House and the Kremlin throughout the remainder of the crisis.

The President also went on national television that evening to inform the public of the developments in Cuba, his decision to initiate and enforce a "quarantine," and the potential global consequences if the crisis continued to escalate. The tone of the President's remarks was stern, and the message unmistakable and evocative of the Monroe Doctrine: "It shall be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from Cuba against any nation in the Western Hemisphere as an attack by the Soviet Union on the United States, requiring a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union." The Joint Chiefs of Staff announced a military readiness status of DEFCON 3 as U.S. naval forces began implementation of the quarantine and plans accelerated for a military strike on Cuba.

On October 24, Khrushchev responded to Kennedy's message with a statement that the U.S. "blockade" was an "act of aggression" and that Soviet ships bound for Cuba would be ordered to proceed. Nevertheless, during October 24 and 25, some ships turned back from the quarantine line; others were stopped by U.S. naval forces, but they contained no offensive weapons and so were allowed to proceed. Meanwhile, U.S. reconnaissance flights over Cuba indicated the Soviet missile sites were nearing operational readiness. With no apparent end to the crisis in sight, U.S. forces were placed at DEFCON 2-meaning war involving the Strategic Air Command was imminent. On October 26, Kennedy told his advisors it appeared that only a U.S. attack on Cuba would remove the missiles, but he insisted on giving the diplomatic channel a little more time. The crisis had reached a virtual stalemate.

That afternoon, however, the crisis took a dramatic turn. ABC News correspondent John Scali reported to the White House that he had been approached by a Soviet agent suggesting that an agreement could be reached in which the Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba if the United States promised not to invade the island. While White House staff scrambled to assess the validity of this "back channel" offer, Khrushchev sent Kennedy a message the evening of October 26, which meant it was sent in the middle of the night Moscow time. It was a long, emotional message that raised the specter of nuclear holocaust, and presented a proposed resolution that remarkably resembled what Scali reported earlier that day. "If there is no intention," he said, "to doom the world to the catastrophe of thermonuclear war, then let us not only relax the forces pulling on the ends of the rope, let us take measures to untie that knot. We are ready for this."

Although U.S. experts were convinced the message from Khrushchev was authentic, hope for a resolution was short-lived. The next day, October 27, Khrushchev sent another message indicating that any proposed deal must include the removal of U.S. Jupiter missiles from Turkey. That same day a U.S. U-2 reconnaissance jet was shot down over Cuba. Kennedy and his advisors prepared for an attack on Cuba within days as they searched for any remaining diplomatic resolution. It was determined that Kennedy would ignore the second Khrushchev message and respond to the first one. That night, Kennedy set forth in his message to the Soviet leader proposed steps for the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba under supervision of the United Nations, and a guarantee that the United States would not attack Cuba.

It was a risky move to ignore the second Khrushchev message. Attorney General Robert Kennedy then met secretly with Soviet Ambassador to the United States, Anatoly Dobrynin, and indicated that the United States was planning to remove the Jupiter missiles from Turkey anyway, and that it would do so soon, but this could not be part of any public resolution of the missile crisis. The next morning, October 28, Khrushchev issued a public statement that Soviet missiles would be dismantled and removed from Cuba.

The crisis was over but the naval quarantine continued until the Soviets agreed to remove their IL-28 bombers from Cuba and, on November 20, 1962, the United States ended its quarantine. U.S. Jupiter missiles were removed from Turkey in April 1963.

The Cuban missile crisis stands as a singular event during the Cold War and strengthened Kennedy's image domestically and internationally. It also may have helped mitigate negative world opinion regarding the failed Bay of Pigs invasion. Two other important results of the crisis came in unique forms. First, despite the flurry of direct and indirect communications between the White House and the Kremlin-perhaps because of it-Kennedy and Khrushchev, and their advisers, struggled throughout the crisis to clearly understand each others' true intentions, while the world hung on the brink of possible nuclear war. In an effort to prevent this from happening again, a direct telephone link between the White House and the Kremlin was established; it became known as the "Hotline." Second, having approached the brink of nuclear conflict, both superpowers began to reconsider the nuclear arms race and took the first steps in agreeing to a nuclear Test Ban Treaty.

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Milestones: 1961-1968 - Office of the Historian

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Here is a short video discussing the face off between the Soviets and United States, over the missiles in Cuba. (see video attached with article)

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During the Cuban Missile Crisis, leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the

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#MissilesOutOfTurkey