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An ordered government is one with regulations between government and state.

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A limited government is one that has regulatuions based on what it can and can not do, such as, ensuring the rights of its citizens.

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A representative government is one in which officials are elected by the general populace to create public policies.

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established the principle that the monarchy did not have absolute power but has the right of trial by jury, due process of law

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limited the kings power, challenged the idea of divine right of kings, declaring that even royalty must obey the law of the land

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limited monarchs power even more and parliament gains power, and freedomfrom excessive bail and from cruel and unusual punishment

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A royal colony was administered by a royal governor and council that was appointed by the British crown. The royal colonies had a representative assembly that was elected by the people. 8 of the 13 colonies were this type. ( NJ, NY, NH, NC, SC, GA, VA)

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For 5 years, the Second Continental Congress served as the 1st government of the United States. It was known for being unicameral and exercised both legislative and executive powers. It was active during the Revolutionary War.

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Priority colonies were territories granted by the English Crown to one or more proprietors who had full government rights. A proprietor is someone who granted governmental powers over land. Propriety colonies were under a colonial charter agreement which was reviewed by the ruling Monarch.  3 colonies were this type

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A series of protests by American farmers who were against tax collections and judgements for debt from both state and local enforcement. From 1786-1787, the most serious rebellion took place in Massachusetts because of economic depression, bad harvests, and high tax demands. Shay's rebellion ended up being the last straw for the Articles of Confederation because even though it never threatened the stability of the U.S., it alarmed politicians throughout the whole nation.

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The Boston Massacre was a street fight that occurred on March 5, 1770, between a "patriot" mob, throwing snowballs, stones, and sticks, and a squad of British soldiers. Several colonists were killed and this led to a campaign by speech-writers to rouse the ire of the citizenry.

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A charter is a written document that bestowed certain rights, franchises, or privileges. They were written contracts between the British King and the American colonists, defining the share each should have in the government and were not to be changed without the consent of both parties.

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Events Leading to the American Revolution 

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Events Leading to the American Revolution 

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Sugar Act (1764): British law that charged duties on sugar imported by the colonies.
Currency Act (1751 & 1764): this consisted of several acts which regulated the issuing of money by the American Colonists.
Stamp Act (1765): This law required certain printed materials including newspapers in America be on paper produced in Britain and stamped with a revenue stamp.
Quartering Act (1765): This Act forced the colonists to provide food and shelter for British soldiers when needed.

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-Adopted by the Second Continental Congress on November 15, 1777
-Went into effect March 1, 1781 after being approved by all 13 states
-"Firm League of Friendship"

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There was no national executive or judiciary, Congress was the only body of government created.

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The Declaration of Independence is a paper that states that the US is a country not ruled by Great Britain.

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Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Robert Livingston

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The principal that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of Its people through their elected representatives.

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When governmental power is restricted by law usually in a written constitution. It is a key concept in the history of liberalism.

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This concerns basic rights and freedoms that are guaranteed - either explicitly identified in the Bill of Rights and the Constitution, or interpreted or inferred through the years by legislatures or the courts. Civil liberties include the right to free speech and the right to privacy.

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Congress had the power to declare war or make peace, appoint military officers, sign treaties, and make alliances.

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Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence and was influenced by Rev. John Wise on the concepts of freedom.

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Separation of Powers & Checks & Balances 

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Separation of Powers & Checks & Balances 

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The separation of powers provides a system of shared powers knows as check and balances. Three branches are created in the Constitution; The legislative, composed of the house and senate, the Executive, composed of the president, Vice President, and the and the departments.

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All 13 states were accepted by the central government, but only the states had the power to tax, not Congress.

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The Virginia plan was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison While he waited for a quorum to assemble at the constitutional convention of 1787.
The New Jersey Plan was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government presented by William Paterson at the constitutional convention on June 15, 1787.

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Also known as The Connecticut Compromise was an agreement that large and small states reached during the constitutional convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States. Since small states wanted equal representation based on population and large states wanted representation based on large states, under this Compromise all states were represented equally in the senate.

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This Compromise was proposed by James Wilson and Roger Sherman, who were both delegates for the Constitutional Convention of 1787. This states that the population of slaves would be counted as three - fifths in total when apportioning Representatives, as well as Presidential electors and taxes.

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This Compromise mandated that tariffs were only to be allowed on imports from foreign countries and not exports from the U.S. This also dictated that interstate commerce would be regulated by the federal government.

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Congress could only raise money by asking the 13 states for funds, borrowing from foreign governments, or selling western lands. Congress also couldn't draft soldiers or regulate trade. Each state had one vote only and it took 9/13 states' vote to pass laws.

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Federalists:
Favored ratification, wanted a strong, central government
Anti-Federalists:
Opposed ratification, against the Constitution because it greatly increased powers of the central government and lacked a bill of rights

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Federalists:
Led by Alexander Hamilton alongside James Madison and John Jay, the first political party of the United States, favored a strong central government without a bill of rights
Anti-Federalists:
Opposed the new constitution, felt threatened, involved many elements even though they weren't exactly a united group

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Federalists:
Wanted to ratify the Constitution
Anti-Federalists:
Did not want to ratify the Constitution

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Federalists:
Felt that the bill of rights wasn't needed because they thought the Constitution itself limited the government and not the people.
Anti-Federalists:
Claimed the Constitution gave the central government too much power and without a bill of rights, people would be at risk of oppression.

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Thomas Jefferson wrote most of the Decleration of Independence and was revised by Adams and Franklin before being given to congress.

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Shay's Rebellion showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. When the central government couldn't contain/stop the rebellion, the first stirrings of federalism began to gather strength.

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Other events that led to the appeal of AOC

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Other events that led to the appeal of AOC

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Each state only had one vote in Congress, regardless of size. Congress did not have the power to tax. Congress did not have the power to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. There was no executive branch to enforce any acts passed by Congress. There was no national court system or judicial branch. Amendments to the Articles of Confederation required a unanimous vote. Laws required a 9/13 majority to pass in Congress. States could levy tariffs on other states' goods.