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The tundra biome consists of wasteland that is extremely cold. There are lots of rocks too but not very much vegetation. There are almost no trees at all found in this particular biome. The area is very cold and often dry. Yet the temperatures don’t warm up enough for the snow that is in place to melt completely. Muddy areas can develop when it does warm up though as some of the ice begins to melt.

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Greenland is the number one place that people think of when they consider a tundra biome. They also think about areas of Alaska. However, there are also areas of Northern Canada and Northern Russia that are a tundra biome. The span of the tundra biome is mainly in areas where most people have never been. They would find such living conditions to be too harsh for them to thrive there.

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The tundra biome is believed to be the youngest of all of them in the world. It was believed to have formed approximately 10,000 years ago. Approximately 20% or of the surface of the Earth falls into this category.

You will find the tundra biome along the coastal regions of the arctic. The combination of polar air and arctic air masses dominate in this particular biome. There is a very long winter and it is cold and harsh. The summer is short and mild, but most experts don’t view it as a true summer season.

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In the Arctic Tundra there are many animals that survive and thrive despite the cold and harsh climate.  Most people believe that the tundra does not have food and it is show covered and barren.  Not so.

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The Polar bear are the most recognised animal of the Tundra.  Here are a few adaptations that make them suitable to this biome:  They have long stiff hair in between their feet that provide them traction.  This also protects their feet from the cold. They have a thick layer of fat which keeps them warm in the winters and it is up to 11cm thick. The skin under fur is black and this is for better heat retention. This thick lush white fur also gives them protection as they camouflage well with snow.

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"Do I smell humans?". The bear was one of the cleaner, whiter bears seen on Barter Island's barrier islands. Kaktovik, AK. Action Photo Tours

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In the winter the fleshy pads of their hoofs shrink and the hair between their toes covers the pads to keep the caribou warm.  Probably the biggest adaptation, caribou are one of the few animals that are adapted to feed on lichens.  They have a large stomach that digests lichens.  The outside hair is hollow and this does two things; it acts as a insulating layer to conserve body heat and allows them buoyancy when swimming.

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They have short heavily furred, rounded ears (to protect from the cold).   This limits the escape of body heat from the fox.   Their coat changes color (in the summer the fur is reddish brown to act as a camouflage,  and in the winter it turns white to blend into the snowy environment.  It develops a layer of insulating fat to keep warm.  They have a phenomenal breeding rate.  They are able to remain active during temperatures of around -50 degrees celcius thus for making it possible to function and survive in extreme circumstance

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Arctic Moss has tiny rootlets instead of roots due to the extreme permafrost.  It also grows in lake bottoms and bogs and this is where it gets most of its nutrients from.  It stores lots of the unused nutrients in the leaves for the next spring so it can grow again.

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Bearberry is a low growing plant that uses that adaptation to stay out of the way of the ripping Tundra wind.  It also favors places like behind rocks to again stay out of the wind.  The leathery leaves keeps moisture and heat inside the plant.

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] can go a long time without water.  They just grow dry and go dormant when there isn't water and/or light.  They can grow again after being dormant for a very long time.  Caribou moss grows in arctic and northern regions around the world. It grows on the ground and on rocks. It looks like a foamy, gray-green spongy mass, and grows to be 1 to 4 inches high. The stems, or stocks, are hollow. Although it is called caribou moss, it is actually a lichen

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Arctic willow grows close to the ground, to get out of the way of the wind  It also has fuzz to retain heat for the plant.  It has little hairs on its leaves to help with insulation.

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The abiotic factors that influence Tundra are strong winds, rainfall, short summer days, long and cold winters, soil, permafrost layer. The average winter temperature of artic tundra is -34 degree Celsius and average summer temperature is 3-12 degree Celsius. Rainfall varies in different regions and precipitation (melting snow) less than 15 inches annually. A frozen subsoil called permafrost which exist in artic tundra, consisting of gravel and fine soil.

The growing season for alphine tundra is approximately 180 days and the nighttime temperature is generally below freezing and here soil is well drained. The cold temperature of alpine tundra is due to low air pressure. Antarctic tundra is usually cold and dry and some have rocky soil

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The Caribou and Arctic fox are both organisms of the tundra biome

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All the living organisms of one single group of species. All of the Arctic foxs is a population

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The polar bear and the walrus are part of a community because they both interact with each other. The walrus is in the water and they eat the fish, then the polar bear eats the walrus.

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The ecosystem would be all of the living and non living things. The water and the walrus, or the grass and the caribou would be part of the ecosystem

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The biome of the tundra would include all the biotic and abiotic factors. The grass and the water, and the plants and polar bear , the sunlight and wind. They're all part of the tundra biome.