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- Some beggars see infants as their opportunity to earn more money from the citizen, one of the beggars in Jakarta, Risma, admitted that "people sympathise easily with you if you've got a baby".
- on March 2016, Jakarta police held an investigation regarding this issue, with the result as follows;

"After a months-long investigation, police in South Jakarta swooped on four adults they believed were renting out children as beggars or child jockeys for 200,000 rupiah (USD$15) per day. Two children -- aged seven and five years old -- and a baby, aged just six months, were taken into protective care."

- When police tried to keep one of the babies under investigation safe, they realized that the baby was "unresponsive" and found drugged with Clonazepam, a strong sedative used to treat anxiety conditions in adult
- However, the investigation remains unsolved, due to the number of babies unregistered under Jakarta's administrative

"We have always known that many of those street kids, beggars and child jockeys might have been rented or sold, but it's hard for us to prove," (Surawan, Head of South Jakarta Police)

- Police claimed that they would investigate further every beggar who carries a baby with them, and also put strict sanction for it

Source:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/afp/article-3532212/Drugged-beggar-babies-rent-Indonesia.html

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- Leads to a huge number of beggars wandering around Jakarta, as they need to fulfill their needs of living. There were about 2394 beggars were listed by Jakarta's government in 2013.

-There are many kinds of ways done by beggars in order to gain people's attention and sympathy, one of them is by adding drugged infant as their "property", the drugs were given to infants to make them calm and quiet during the "begging" activities.

-In response to this, Jakarta government has been banning beggars to operate around DKI, and put on strict sanction for whoever gives money to the beggars:

"the punishment or sanction for those who give money or items to beggars is a fine of Rp 20 million or 60-day maximum prison sentence," said Mr. Basuki Tjahta Purnama (2013), former governor of Jakarta.

Source:
1. http://jakartaglobe.id/news/jakarta-to-enforce-stiff-sanctions-on-handing-money-to-poor/
2. https://www.pressreader.com/indonesia/the-jakarta-post/20170704/281633895260156

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Some beggars will do anything, seriously...

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Some beggars will do anything, seriously...

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(I will translate it at class - Azka)

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pura pura tangannya buntung agar di kasihani

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Through the emergence of strong economic growth and modernisation practices, Jakarta has seen a new financial elitism emerging. Closely following Western countries, the elite are becoming individualistic, with many locals who live on the outskirts of the city still enjoying their local food stalls along the streets. Additionally, the introduction of gate communities are becoming more prominent and the socioeconomic interests of the poor within the city, are becoming less acknowledged.

Jakarta is rich with heritage, the old colonial part of the city goes predominately unnoticed due to its perception of a ‘rubbish dump’, rather than a tourist attraction. Homeless people generally occupy this area. The gentrification process Jakarta is currently undertaking does not seek a sustainable future for the people of the country, instead, it creates a false image without any representation of real Indonesian people struggling.

There is quite a strong tension between ethnic Chinese and other Indonesians, primarily to do with the economic status of the Chinese relative to their numbers. Currently, there is no acceptable middle ground between the residents and developers, the urban planners and local government oversee the development of the city. The local government fulfills all of the needs of developers, accommodating them to the max to allow them to reap in large amounts of money.

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"Gentrification is assumed to be an intrinsically malignant process, and so any evidence to the contrary is deeply discounted or ignored, even as it piles up."

It is seen as a vehicle for displacement of lower-income residents, but that has largely been exaggerated in the context of developed countries. According to Governing, there were more low-income people living in "gentrifying" neighborhoods in 2013 than there were in 2000. The Philadelphia Federal Reserve did a study on the exact process of displacement for poor people in gentrified areas. It found that "poor people are no more likely to move out of a gentrifying neighborhood than from a non-gentrifying one".

There is also the issue of how gentrification is seen as an exclusionary force damning low-income residents of these areas. There are plenty articles and news stories of how having rich neighbors makes life harder for poor people, but there are relatively few that look into the narrative of concentrated poverty (having mostly poor neighbors, which makes life harder for the poor). This is alarming because concentrated poverty is many times more prevalent than gentrification. Implicit in this criticism of gentrification is a quasi-segregationist impulse, or our thinking that rich people can only live with rich people and poor people can only live with other poor people.

Pros of Gentrification:
-New job opportunities
-Long-time homeowners benefit from rising property values.
-Decline in crime (not always, though)
-Average credit score improvement

https://www.philadelphiafed.org/community-development/publications/discussion-papers
http://money.cnn.com/2015/11/12/news/economy/gentrification-may-help-poor-people/index.html
https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/10/in-defense-of-gentrification/413425/

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"A few places have gentrified, experienced a reduction in poverty, and generated net population growth. But those areas that don’t rebound don’t remain stable: they deteriorate, lose population, and overwhelmingly remain high-poverty neighborhoods. Meanwhile, we are continually creating new high-poverty neighborhoods."

http://cityobservatory.org/lost-in-place/

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It has been described as the "center of economics, culture, and politics in Indonesia".
It is the capital city of Indonesia, with a population of about 10 million people. It is the second largest urban agglomeration in the world (right behind Tokyo). It is the focal point of democratic changes in Indonesia. It is a "special province", so it is made up of 5 cities/municipalities, each with their own unique culture and history.

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Jakarta is seeing significant displacement within the old town of Kota Tua, due to the hopes of 'revitalising' the area.

For decades, Jakarta has wanted to “revitalise” the old town, the centre of old Batavia, which once bustled with life and trade under the colonial Dutch administration. The effort has seen its ups and downs, but in the past two years has gathered steam, with a bid for the area to become a Unesco world heritage siteand the city preparing to host the 18th Asian Games in 2018.

However this change means that street vendors and artists are being forced to vacate Fatahillah Square in the heart of Kota Tua, Jakarta’s old town, an area that traditionally holds strong cultural presence within Jakarta.

In April, the city demolished the homes of 400 families who had lived in Pasar Ikan for decades to make way for a food court, a plaza and a souvenir centre.

Norviadi Setio Husodo is  head of the Old Town Zone Management Unit which aims to re-image the old town area. In order to prevent what he calls “negative things” that are not specifically for “tourism”, Husodo’s team has, as well as limiting visiting hours, hired 73 men to guard the seven entrance points to the square. They work 24 hours a day, seven days a week. And where there were once two cleaners, there are now 35.

In September this year, the city “sterilised” the square, prohibiting street hawkers and performers, but allowing bicycle rentals, statue performers and street painters to stay. “They have something to do with art and culture, and the bicycles and statue performers are an iconic part of the old town,” says Taofik, the head of the security detail.

The street vendors – roughly 400 of them – were relocated to a nearby empty lot in a swampy area that is mainly used for parking rubbish trucks: a place that few people have a good reason to visit. The vendors say there were “left there to die”.

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"The destruction of colonial buildings from the Dutch era due to the ‘nationalism’ movement and Soekarn’s fascination with ‘big’ communist style developments, or Soeharto’s massive economic development plans, resulting in things like auto showrooms popping up everywhere…all of these carry different messages, right? Let’s be nationalists, let’s be socialists, let’s be capitalists, consumerists…" (Dina Indrasafitri)

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"The destruction of colonial buildings from the Dutch era due to the ‘nationalism’ movement and Soekarn’s fascination with ‘big’ communist style developments, or Soeharto’s massive economic development plans, resulting in things like auto showrooms popping up everywhere…all of these carry different messages, right? Let’s be nationalists, let’s be socialists, let’s be capitalists, consumerists…" (Dina Indrasafitri)

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While gentrification can be a positive thing to happen to a population in terms of the development of an Australian City, within Jakarta, with the creation and development of high-rise buildings, it has experienced some backlash amongst some of those within the community due to factors such an impact on the community identity.

It could be suggested that rather than bringing the community together and developing the area, it is having the opposite effect; alienating original communities, destroying heritage and culture and also leading to the eradication of minority groups.

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Heritage preservation in the form of local responses to processes of gentrification: community mobilisation on the streets and online  

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Heritage preservation in the form of local responses to processes of gentrification: community mobilisation on the streets and online  

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Social preservation is "the culturally motivated choice of certain people, who tend to be highly educated and residentially mobile, to live in the central city or small town in order to live in authentic social space, embodied by the sustained presence of 'original' residents" (Brown-Saracino, 2004, p. 135).

According to Brown-Saracino (2004), while those who seek to preserve the historical landscape of a space often originate from the same middle class social location as those who seek to gentrify spaces, social preservationists differ from gentrifiers in their active quest to preserve the 'wild' and 'authentic' past of a space, while gentrifiers aim to invest in the future of that same space by taming and revitalising it. Jakarta residents show strong signs of affiliation with a social preservationist ideology, as evident in recent riots that seeks to equally document the contemporary and heritage sites in Jakarta and oppose their potential destruction with the increase in gentrification of the area.

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In terms of first wave gentrification, it seems like this process has benefitted Jakarta, as it aims to maintain and protect the public realm, solely through community engagement. Revitalising existing period housing stock and retaining its authenticity appears crucial to this stage of development. Today, this has created a hybrid suburb, encapsulating the many parts of Jakarta’s past and present image. However, these colonial parts of Jakarta are yet to be acknowledged by the local government, thus receiving no funding or attention which is cutting out a tourist industry which they could take full advantage of. Local food stalls have been greatly reduced due to development, although, some still sit alongside privatized malls and apartment building, expressing the mix of ages and the influx of gentrification in this suburb.

According to Lofland (1998) developer led gentrification can lead to the process of parochialisation. Consequently, this threats the community and authenticity in Jakarta, as these property developers have a different mind-set to the first wave gentrification, whereby revenue and the construction of high rises take priority.

Jakarta can be considered to be a counter discourse to utopian communitarianism. Even though this Jakarta is responding somewhat well to gentrification at the moment, the next wave could bring negative impacts on a large scale. Therefore it is necessary for the community to stand up to the developers in the city and retain the original character of Jakarta.

References:
Lofland, L. H. (1998) The Public Realm: Exploring the City’s Quintessential Social Territory. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter