# data[].attributes.body
A computation in which rows from a data set are grouped together and used to compute a single value of more significant meaning or measurement. Common aggregations include: Average, Count, Sum, Max, Median, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
The tool used by most spreadsheet programs to create a summary table.

# data[].attributes.body
A table that summarizes information about some larger data set. It typically consists of performing computations like sums, averages, and counts on higher level groupings of information. The intent is to summarize lots of data into a form that is more useful, and easier to "see".

# data[].attributes.headline
Describe how you could double the intensity of any RGB value. What do you think happens if the input is 200, 220, 209?

# data[].attributes.subject
Describe how you could double the intensity of any RGB value. What do you think happens if the input is 200, 220, 209?

# data[].attributes.body
To double the intensity of any RGB value you need to double its value (R – 60 goes to R – 120). If the input is 200, 220, 209 the intensity cannot be doubled because the max is 255

# data[].attributes.headline
Extra: Take out the calculator! How many different colors can be represented in the standard RGB color model?

# data[].attributes.subject
Extra: Take out the calculator! How many different colors can be represented in the standard RGB color model?

# data[].attributes.body
16,777,216

# data[].attributes.headline
Is it possible to represent all of the colors in the world? Why or why not

# data[].attributes.subject
Is it possible to represent all of the colors in the world? Why or why not

# data[].attributes.body
It isn't possible to represent all the colors in the world, because the color spectrum is continuous and computers work with discrete values.

# data[].attributes.body
If you increase the range, the number of colors that can be represented increase

# data[].attributes.body
There can be any range anyone desires, the range is arbitrary

# data[].attributes.body
RGB values are represented by 8 bits, where the min value is 0 and the max is 255

# data[].attributes.headline
Do pixels have to be physically represented as squares? What else could they be and why? Why are squares preferred? 

# data[].attributes.subject
Do pixels have to be physically represented as squares? What else could they be and why? Why are squares preferred? 

# data[].attributes.body
Pixels do not have to be squares. They can be triangles or rhombuses or really any shape so long as it nicely fits into the screen without cutting any pixels into pieces. Squares are preferred because most, if not all, display screens are rectangular or square, so squares fit best into the screens

# data[].attributes.headline
What are screen resolution and pixel density? How do they differ?

# data[].attributes.subject
What are screen resolution and pixel density? How do they differ?

# data[].attributes.body
Screen resolution is the number of pixel on the screen as arranged vertically and horizontally and density is the number if pixels per a given area

# data[].attributes.headline
How many different values can be represented by one Red component of a pixel

# data[].attributes.subject
How many different values can be represented by one Red component of a pixel

# data[].attributes.body
255

# data[].attributes.headline
Why were images first broken down into pixels? What problem did this solve?

# data[].attributes.subject
Why were images first broken down into pixels? What problem did this solve?

# data[].attributes.body
Images had to be broken down so that a computer could represent them digitally

# data[].attributes.body
Filtering and cleaning is necessary to ensure that data is in a form that is better for computer to process

# data[].attributes.body
A table of aggregate information about a data set (e.g., the average, sum, count of some values).

# data[].attributes.body
The original data as it was collected.

# data[].attributes.body
Abbreviation of "comma-separated values," this is a widely-used format for storing data.

# data[].attributes.body
A document providing background information about a data set.

# data[].attributes.body
A proposed explanation for some phenomenon used as the basis for further investigation.

# data[].attributes.body
Hexadecimal is a base-16 number system.

# data[].attributes.body
Stands for "Red Green Blue." It refers to the three hues of light (red, green, and blue, for those of you that are a little slow), that can mix together to form any color. When the highest intensity of each color is mixed together, white light is created.

# data[].attributes.body
Removing unnecessary details to focus on the essential characteristics. To break problems up into separate parts which can then be solved separately and recombined to form a complete solution. To focus on and use something based only on what it does and without concern for how that functionality is accomplished.

# data[].attributes.headline
Imagine that you have an image that is too dark or too bright. Describe how you would alter the RGB settings to brighten or darken it. Give an example.

# data[].attributes.subject
Imagine that you have an image that is too dark or too bright. Describe how you would alter the RGB settings to brighten or darken it. Give an example.

# data[].attributes.body
Auto Contrast

# data[].attributes.headline
How many bytes (or bits) are required to encode an image that is 25 pixels wide and 50 pixels tall, if you encode each pixel with 3 bytes (24 bits) of RGB data

# data[].attributes.subject
How many bytes (or bits) are required to encode an image that is 25 pixels wide and 50 pixels tall, if you encode each pixel with 3 bytes (24 bits) of RGB data

# data[].attributes.body
3,753 bytes (30,024 bits)

# data[].attributes.headline
Why do you want to compress anything? What's the point?

# data[].attributes.subject
Why do you want to compress anything? What's the point?

# data[].attributes.body
Because it saves you space. When something is sent on the internet everything is compressed.

# data[].attributes.body
a problem solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.

# data[].attributes.body
Short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.

# data[].attributes.body
Data that describes other data. For example, a digital image may include metadata that describe the size of the image, number of colors, or resolution.

# data[].attributes.body
A type of data used for graphics or pictures.

# data[].attributes.body
A number system consisting of 16 distinct symbols — 0-9 and A-F — which can occur in each place value.

# data[].attributes.body
When it is compressed you cannot uncompressed it. The data will be lost

# data[].attributes.body
When you compress the data and send it to someone. They can uncompressed it and no data will be lost.

# data[].attributes.body
Internet engineering task force

# data[].attributes.headline
If I understand how the Internet works, then I will be able to:

# data[].attributes.subject
If I understand how the Internet works, then I will be able to:

# data[].attributes.body
a. make informed choices to support or oppose decisions my government makes about access to the Internet.

c. make informed choices about my privacy on the Internet.

# data[].attributes.body
Stands for "Uniform Resource Locator." A URL is the address of a specific webpage or file on the Internet.

# data[].attributes.body
Stands for "Hypertext Transfer Protocol." HTTP is the protocol used to transfer data over the web. It is part of the Internet protocol

# data[].attributes.body
The term "client software" is used to refer to the software that acts as the interface between the client computer and the server.

# data[].attributes.body
A server is a computer that provides data to other computers. It may serve data to systems on a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) over the Internet.

# data[].attributes.body
Hiding the details

# data[].attributes.body
The internet is a packet switched system through which digital data is sent by breaking the data into blocks of bits called packets

Packets contain both the data being transmitted and control information (metadata) that helps the data.

It is only able because of all machines have agreed to use he same protocol for creating and reading packets.

# data[].attributes.body
package # to keep track of it

# data[].attributes.body
Size
To
Sent from

# data[].attributes.headline
what happens when we want to send multiple packets?

# data[].attributes.subject
what happens when we want to send multiple packets?

# data[].attributes.body
TCP  (Transition Control Protocol) adds a packet number to each packet so we can track the order of the packets.

# data[].attributes.headline
The lay out of protocol is defined by a 

# data[].attributes.subject
The lay out of protocol is defined by a 

# data[].attributes.body
protocol

# data[].attributes.body
Its the information about what is being sent out (data about data)

# data[].attributes.body
Multiple paths exists between two points.
Improves the reliability

The system is a fault tolerant

Individual routers can break, and the system still works fine

# data[].attributes.body
has 128 bits

# data[].attributes.body
has 32 bits

# data[].attributes.headline
Which two of the following statements are true about routing on the Internet.

# data[].attributes.subject
Which two of the following statements are true about routing on the Internet.

# data[].attributes.body
- A packet traveling between two computers on the internet may be rerouted many times along the way.
- A packet contains addressing information to allow routers to decide how best to forward along that packet towards its destination.

# data[].attributes.headline
If the post office delivered mail exactly like routers delivered messages on the internet, which would be true?

# data[].attributes.subject
If the post office delivered mail exactly like routers delivered messages on the internet, which would be true?

# data[].attributes.body
- The mailman would sometimes take a different path to deliver each letter to your home.
- Letters would be written on the outside of envelopes for all to read instead of letters put inside the envelopes.

# data[].attributes.headline
In the Internet Simulator, your router knows to send your message to a different router because:

# data[].attributes.subject
In the Internet Simulator, your router knows to send your message to a different router because:

# data[].attributes.body
The first 4 bits of the address specify the router number that your friend is on.

# data[].attributes.headline
How many unique IP addresses could be in a fixed-length IP address system using 6 bits?

# data[].attributes.subject
How many unique IP addresses could be in a fixed-length IP address system using 6 bits?

# data[].attributes.body
64 Users

# data[].attributes.headline
Which of the following information is not necessary in your protocol to play battleship? 

# data[].attributes.subject
Which of the following information is not necessary in your protocol to play battleship? 

# data[].attributes.body
Time of Day

# data[].attributes.headline
To improve communication in playing battleship on the Internet Simulator your group invented a(n)

# data[].attributes.subject
To improve communication in playing battleship on the Internet Simulator your group invented a(n)

# data[].attributes.body
Protocol

# data[].attributes.headline
If i understand how the internet works then i will be  able to:

# data[].attributes.subject
If i understand how the internet works then i will be  able to:

# data[].attributes.body
- Make informed choices to support or oppose decisions my government makes about access to the internet.
- Make informed choices about my privacy on the internet

# data[].attributes.body
Request for comments

# data[].attributes.headline
The Internet Engineer Task Force (IETF) defines the protocols and standards for how the Internet works. The members of the IETF are: 

# data[].attributes.subject
The Internet Engineer Task Force (IETF) defines the protocols and standards for how the Internet works. The members of the IETF are: 

# data[].attributes.body
A loosely organized collection of citizens and engineers who communicate mostly by email.

# data[].attributes.body
Provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet. TCP is tightly linked with IP and usually seen as TCP/IP in writing.

# data[].attributes.body
A type of computer that forwards data across a network

# data[].attributes.body
Having multiple backups to ensure reliability during cases of high usage or failure

# data[].attributes.body
Small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information.

# data[].attributes.body
A number assigned to any item that is connected to the Internet.

# data[].attributes.body
Documents are how standards and protocols are defined and published for all to see on the IETF website.

# data[].attributes.body
A question which can be answered in only 1 of 2 possible ways

# data[].attributes.headline
When sending a response to a question with 4 possible answers, the most efficient method will be require no more than what number of bits?

# data[].attributes.subject
When sending a response to a question with 4 possible answers, the most efficient method will be require no more than what number of bits?

# data[].attributes.body
2 Bits

# data[].attributes.body
65 | 41 | 01000001 | A |
66 | 42 | 01000010 | B |
67 | 43 | 01000011 | C |
68 | 44 | 01000100 | D |
69 | 45 | 01000101 | E |
70 | 46 | 01000110 | F |
71 | 47 | 01000111 | G |
72 | 48 | 01001000 | H |
73 | 49 | 01001001 | I |
74 | 4A | 01001010 | J |
75 | 4B | 01001011 | K |
76 | 4C | 01001100 | L |
77 | 4D | 01001101 | M |
78 | 4E | 01001110 | N |
79 | 4F | 01001111 | O |
80 | 50 | 01010000 | P |
81 | 51 | 01010001 | Q |
82 | 52 | 01010010 | R |
83 | 53 | 01010011 | S |
84 | 54 | 01010100 | T |
85 | 55 | 01010101 | U |
86 | 56 | 01010110 | V |
87 | 57 | 01010111 | W |
88 | 58 | 01011000 | X |
89 | 59 | 01011001 | Y |
90 | 5A | 01011010 | Z |

# data[].attributes.headline
A binary message consisting of four bits was sent to you by a friend. The message was supposed to be ABAB. Unfortunately, your friend set the bit on the wire once every 2 seconds, but you read the wire once every second. Assuming that the first bit was sent and read at the same time, what message did you receive instead?

# data[].attributes.subject
A binary message consisting of four bits was sent to you by a friend. The message was supposed to be ABAB. Unfortunately, your friend set the bit on the wire once every 2 seconds, but you read the wire once every second. Assuming that the first bit was sent and read at the same time, what message did you receive instead?

# data[].attributes.body
AABB

# data[].attributes.headline
What is the minimum number of bits you need to encode the letters 26 of the alphabet plus a space? 

# data[].attributes.subject
What is the minimum number of bits you need to encode the letters 26 of the alphabet plus a space? 

# data[].attributes.body
5 Bits

# data[].attributes.body
Divide everything by 2

# data[].attributes.headline
The standard QWERTY keyboard has 47 keys that can place characters on the screen. Each of these keys can also display a second character by holding the "shift" key at the same time. How many bits would you need to encode everything that could be typed on this keyboard?

# data[].attributes.subject
The standard QWERTY keyboard has 47 keys that can place characters on the screen. Each of these keys can also display a second character by holding the "shift" key at the same time. How many bits would you need to encode everything that could be typed on this keyboard?

# data[].attributes.body
7 Bits

# data[].attributes.body
Fiber optic cable is a high-speed data transmission medium. It contains tiny glass or plastic filaments that carry light beams

# data[].attributes.body
Stands for "File Transfer Protocol."  FTP is a protocol designed for transferring files over the Internet.

# data[].attributes.body
Stands for "Hyper Text Transport Protocol Secure". HTTPS is the same thing as HTTP, but uses a secure socket layer (SSL) for security purposes

# data[].attributes.body
Stands for "Domain Name System.  DNS translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing you to access an Internet location by its domain name.

# data[].attributes.body
Stands for "Transmission Control Protocol". The purpose was to allow computers to communicate over long distance networks.

# data[].attributes.body
Light

# data[].attributes.headline
How long it will take to transfter one song? 3 MB

# data[].attributes.subject
How long it will take to transfter one song? 3 MB

# data[].attributes.body
8 Million Bits = 1 Mega Byte
Bit Rate = 8 Mega Mbps (byte per second)

# data[].attributes.body
# of bits per second a system can transmit

# data[].attributes.body
Electricity, Light, and Radio Waves

# data[].attributes.body
3-4 Mega bytes

# data[].attributes.body
1000 Kilo bytes eaqual 1 Mega byte

# data[].attributes.body
1 Kilo byte is equal to 1000 bytes

# data[].attributes.body
World wide web

# data[].attributes.body
A message that can only be one of two possible values.

# data[].attributes.body
A question to which there are only two possible answers.

# data[].attributes.body
Common set of rules and instructions that each computer follows

# data[].attributes.body
Time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to receiver

# data[].attributes.body
Smallest unit of data in a computer, 0 or 1

# data[].attributes.body
A new idea or device

# data[].attributes.body
How fast your internet is basically. In other words can be called "data transfer rate" (1bit/ second) TRANSMISSION CAPACITY

# data[].attributes.headline
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

# data[].attributes.subject
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

# data[].attributes.body
8-bit code. It uses eight bits to represent a letter, number, or punctuation mark.

# data[].attributes.body
Translates binary-coded information (0s and 1s) into the color combinations required to make up an image on your computer screen. Each of these pixels displays some combination of red/green/blue .

# data[].attributes.body
Each dot is a picture element

# data[].attributes.body
Consists of only two symbols—0s and 1s. (The "bi" in "binary" means two.)

# data[].attributes.body
1 byte is created by 8 bits

# data[].attributes.body
Microscopic electronic switches that turn on and off millions of times a second to create the computer experience you're having right now.

# data[].attributes.body
A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new. It’s the original drawing from which something real might be built or created.