# data[].attributes.headline
Graduated CylinderA graduated cylinder, measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder is a common piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the volume of a liquid. It has a narrow cylindrical shape. Each marked line on the graduated cylinder represents the amount of liquid that has been measured.

# data[].attributes.subject
Graduated CylinderA graduated cylinder, measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder is a common piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the volume of a liquid. It has a narrow cylindrical shape. Each marked line on the graduated cylinder represents the amount of liquid that has been measured.

# data[].attributes.body
For dependent and independent random variables, see Independence (probability theory).

In mathematical modeling, statistical modeling and experimental sciences, the values of dependent variables depend on the values of independent variables. The dependent variables represent the output or outcome whose variation is being studied. The independent variables represent inputs or causes, i.e., potential reasons for variation or, in the experimental setting, the variable controlled by the experimenter. Models and experiments test or determine the effects that the independent variables have on the dependent variables. Sometimes, independent variables may be included for other reasons, such as for their potential confounding effect, without a wish to test their effect directly.

In single variable calculus, a functionis typically graphed with the horizontal axis representing the independent variable and the vertical axisrepresenting the dependent variable.[1]In this function, y is the dependent variable and x is the independent variable.

# data[].attributes.body
Triple beam balance is an instrument used to measure mass very precisely.[1] The device has reading error of +/- 0.05 gram. The name refers to the three beams including the middle beam which is the largest size, the front beam which is the medium size, and the far beam which is the smallest size. The difference in size of the beams indicate the difference in weights and reading scale that each beam carry. The reading scale can be enumerated that the middle beam reads in 100 gram increments, the front beam can read from 0 to 10 grams, and the far beam can read in 10 gram increments.[2] The triple beam balance can be used to measure mass directly from the objects, find mass by difference for liquid, and measure out a substance.

# data[].attributes.body
The density, or more precisely, the volumetric massdensity, of a substance is its mass per unit volume.

# data[].attributes.body
A collection of written or printed sheets bound together; a book.

# data[].attributes.body
This article is about the scientific concept. For the substance of which all physical objects consist, see Matter. For other uses, see Mass (disambiguation).

In physics, mass is a property of a physical body. It is the measure of an object's resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied.[1] It also determines the strength of its mutual gravitational attraction to other bodies. The basic SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg)

Mass is not the same as weight, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a spring scale, rather than comparing it directly with known masses. An object on the Moon would weigh less than it does on Earth because of the lower gravity, but it would still have the same mass. This is because weight is a force, while mass is the property that (along with gravity) determines the strength of this force.

In Newtonian physics, mass can be generalized as the amount of matter in an object. However, at very high speeds, special relativity postulates that energy becomes a significant additional source of mass. Thus, any stationary body having mass has an equivalent amount of energy, and all forms of energy resist acceleration by a force and have gravitational attraction. In addition, "matter" is a loosely defined term in science, and thus cannot be precisely measured.

There are several distinct phenomena which can be used to measure mass. Although some theorists have speculated that some of these phenomena could be independent of each other,[2] current experiments have found no difference in results, whatever way is used to measure mass:

Inertial mass measures an object's resistance to being accelerated by a force (represented by the relationship F = ma).

Active gravitational mass measures the gravitational force exerted by an object.

Passive gravitational mass measures the gravitational force exerted on an object in a known gravitational field.

The mass of an object determines its acceleration in the presence of an applied force. The inertia and the inertial mass describe the same properties of physical bodies at the qualitative and quantitative level respectively, by other words, the mass quantitatively describes the inertia. According to Newton's second law of motion, if a body of fixed mass m is subjected to a single force F, its acceleration a is given by F/m. A body's mass also determines the degree to which it generates or is affected by a gravitational field. If a first body of mass m A is placed at a distance r (center of mass to center of mass) from a second body of mass m B, each body is subject to an attractive force F g = Gm A m B/r ², where G = 6.67×10−11 N kg−2 m² is the "universal gravitational constant". This is sometimes referred to as gravitational mass.[note 1]Repeated experiments since the 17th century have demonstrated that inertial and gravitational mass are identical; since 1915, this observation has been entailed a priori in the equivalence principle of general relativity.

# data[].attributes.body
A controlled experiment is one in which everything is held constant except for one variable. Usually a set of data is taken for a control group, which is commonly the normal or usual state, and one or more other groups are examined, where all conditions are identical to the control group and each other except this one variable.

Sometimes it's necessary to change more than one variable, but all of the experimental conditions will be controlled so that only the variables being examined change and the amount or way they change is measured.

# data[].attributes.body
The dependent variable is what changes as a result of thatmanipulation. A manipulated variable is the variable which youdeliberately alter the value of. So, you will know the values of thisvariable before you do the experiment. This variable is alsocalled the independent variable.

# data[].attributes.body
The act of observing: observations of a rare bird.
The power or faculty of observing.
The fact of being observed: kept the suspect under observation.

# data[].attributes.body
the act of passing from one proposition, statement, or judgment considered as true to another whose truth is believed to follow from that of the former

# data[].attributes.body
The International System of Units (abbreviated as SI, from the French Système international (d'unités)) is the modern form of the metric system, and is the most widely used system of measurement. It comprises a coherent system of units of measurement built on seven base units. The system also establishes a set of twenty prefixes to the unit names and unit symbols that may be used when specifying multiples and fractions of the units.

The system was published in 1960 as a result of an initiative that began in 1948. It is based on the metre–kilogram–second system of units (MKS) rather than any variant of the centimetre–gram–second system (CGS). SI is intended to be an evolving system, so prefixes and units are created and unit definitions are modified through international agreement as the technology of measurement progresses and the precision of measurements improves. The 24th and 25th General Conferences on Weights and Measures (CGPM) in 2011 and 2014, for example, discussed a proposal to change the definition of the kilogram, linking it to an invariant of nature rather than to the mass of a material artefact, thereby ensuring long-term stability.[1]

The motivation for the development of the SI was the diversity of units that had sprung up within the CGS systems and the lack of coordination between the various disciplines that used them. The CGPM, which was established by the Metre Convention of 1875, brought together many international organisations to not only agree on the definitions and standards of the new system but also agree on the rules for writing and presenting measurements in a standardised manner around the world.

The International System of Units has been adopted by all developed countries except the United States.

# data[].attributes.body
For the hypotheses of a theorem, see Theorem. For other uses, see Hypothesis (disambiguation).

"Hypothetical" redirects here. For the 2001 progressive metal album, see Hypothetical (album).

The hypothesis of Andreas Cellarius, showing the planetary motions in eccentric and epicyclical orbits.

Part of a series on
Certainty
Approximation Belief Certainty Doubt Determinism Fallibilism Fatalism Hypothesis Justification Nihilism Proof Scientific theory Skepticism Solipsism Theory Truth Uncertainty
Related concepts and fundamentals:Agnosticism Epistemology Presupposition Probability
v t e

A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories. Even though the words "hypothesis" and "theory" are often used synonymously, a scientific hypothesis is not the same as a scientific theory. A working hypothesis is a provisionally accepted hypothesis proposed for further research.[1]

A different meaning of the term hypothesis is used in formal logic, to denote the antecedent of a proposition; thus in the proposition "If P, then Q", P denotes the hypothesis (or antecedent); Q can be called a consequent. P is the assumption in a (possibly counterfactual) What If question.

The adjective hypothetical, meaning "having the nature of a hypothesis", or "being assumed to exist as an immediate consequence of a hypothesis", can refer to any of these meanings of the term "hypothesis".

# data[].attributes.body
Scientific inquiry Scientific inquiry refers to the diverse ways in which scientists study the natural world and propose explanations based on the evidence they gather.