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https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/classical-genetics/chromosomal-basis-of-genetics/v/thomas-hunt-morgan-and-fruit-flies

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Thomas Hunt Morgan was one of the first true geneticists. When he began his career genetics was not a defined field of study, and biology was primarily based on observation and classification. Morgan valued experimentation over observation, and became interested in questions about the very nature of life. Thomas and his "Fly group" made tremendous contributions to our understanding of the chromosones and genes in inheritance. His experimental work started research in genetics and promoted a revolution in biology. Morgan was not only a stimulating person but one who recognized good students, gave them freedom and space to work, and inspired them to make the leaps of imagination that are so important in advancing science.

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https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1933/morgan-article.html

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http://www.genetics.org/content/181/3/841

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-Thomas Hunt Morgan was an American evolutionary biologist. He was born in Lexington, Kentucky on September 25,1866 and died in Pasadena, California, of a heart faliure on December 4, 1945 at 79 years of age.

-Early in life, Morgan showed an interest in natural history. In 1886 he received a B.S. degree from the State College of Kentucky in zoology and then entered Johns Hopkins University to graduate in biology. At Hopkins, Morgan studied under the morphologist and embryologist William Keith Brooks. After earning his Ph.D. in 1890, Morgan stayed there a year before accepting a teaching position at Bryn Mawr College.

-An interesting fact about Thomas Hunt Morgan is that his mother's maternal grandfather was Francis Scott Key, composer of the National Athem. Another interesting fact is that Morgan was awarded  the Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine in 1933. The work for which the prize was given was completed over a 17 year period at Columbia University, starting in 1910 with his discovery of the white/eyed mutation in the fruit fly (Drosophila).

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-Morgan is known for his experimental analysis of  the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), after he created the chromosone theory of heredity. He also showed that the genes were connected in a series on chromosones, which carry hereditary traits, starting the field of genetics.
In 1904, Thomas Hunt Morgan was offered the chair of experimental zoology at Columbia University, New York. He was a member of the Columbia Zoology Department from 1904 until 1928. Morgan attracted many gifted students. They were to discover a host of new laws of genetics, while working in the "Fly Room", a large laboratory established by Morgan. At that time it was generally assumed that chromosones could not be the carriers of the genetic information. He wanted a suitable animal and chose the fruit fly, because of its short life cycle, and high ability to reproduce. Morgan and several assistants were able to demonstrate the results of mating individual flies having specific characteristics.  Thomas Morgan also extensively studied the field of experimental embryology.
In addition to the 1933 Nobel Prize, Morgan won the 1924 Darwin Medal and the 1939 Copley Medal.