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Title: The Battle for Ratification of the U.S. Constitution

This map gives information on which state/counties supported the Federalists/ Anti- Federalists. The first thing I notice that even though i anticipated all of the Southern states would be fully supportive of an anti- federalists platform, that wasn't the case. That was the same for the Northern states. I think this map was made so that its audience can gain interest on researching why each county/ state voted supported each political stance. I wonder how would these political maps be the same today if it was Democratic/ Republican?

http://teachingamericanhistory.org/ratification/map/

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Title: The Federalist Era

The documents discuss the many firsts the newly minted American government had to face. There was a huge debt followed by a economic depression to deal with, there was boundary disputes, and most of all alliances that was formed.

Those political alliances had ever lasting affects on the U.S. One of the political groups  favored a similar style in which they experience in Great Britain, the other group wanted no parts of that style and favored more of an independent states/ agrarian type of government. The U.S. President election of 1796 was very controversial. The rules of the election were very different compared to the rules today.

I believe the purpose of the secondary articles was to explain the many issues the U.S. faced when developing a newly independent country. I also believe it was to give us the road map of how we got to the politically divided country we are today Via economic issues, region, etc. At the time the U.S. Constitution was just created and starting to be implemented. There was a lot of issues with the interpretation of the document which cause new problems, but also gave new solutions! I wonder how would times be different today if there wasn't any major political parties?

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm?eraID=4&smtID=1

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm?eraID=4&smtID=2

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Title: John Adams Innuaguaral address

John Adams, Inaugural address was the message coming from the 2nd elected president of the U.S. At a time where the U.S. Constitution is relatively new and the country has faced their first major political party election.  His message focused on the experiences the young country went through to get to this point of independence, and he talked about the beauty and effectiveness of the U.S. Constitution. I believe the purpose of this message was to get the citizens to by into the electoral and political process. He wants the readers to realize the imperfection of the country but to respect the process to constantly improve it and how the citizens are key in that process. I wonder if his love for the U.S. Constitution would change if he would've lost the election?

https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/inaugural-address-18

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Alexander Hamilton:
Born in the West Indies, Hamilton didn't have the early life that would typically lead to becoming apart of the rich and powerful class of people. Alexander thirst for education and politics, earned him accolades that not many citizens in the U.S. would obtain? Hamilton made major contributions to the approval of the U.S. Constitution. He also became the first Secretary of Treasury, and many believe he helped the U.S. get through the debts caused by the American Revolution. I learned after examining this text, how important Hamilton was to the development of our country. I didn't know he had a contribution in the Constitution becoming ratified and the capital's location. I wonder why did Hamilton feel that slavery needed to be ended? How did that institution interfere with the Northern industries?
https://www.biography.com/people/alexander-hamilton-9326481

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=2973

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Title: The U.S.A. with the British and Spanish Territories according to the treaty.
The first thing I noticed after examining this map is the closeness in which European territories bumped up into the newly minted U.S.A. The SPanish lands in the south and East, and the British lands to the North. I also noticed how rural and unincorporated the present day mid western region of the U.S. was. After reviewing that area its easy to understand why the Spanish and British would do all they could to hold onto as much influence in those areas. I think this map was made so that map readers could understand how much land mass the U.S. stood to gain with the completion of the American Revolution. It also gives some insight on how much territory was owned by other European countries. If the map was made today, there would be no European countries names associated with it, and there would be more detailed state political boundaries. I wonder how the U.S. create the official land boundaries of the newly created states. Was there a lot of conflict in drawing those boundaries?

http://www.libs.uga.edu/darchive/hargrett/maps/1783u5.jpg

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Title: The Critical Period

Secondary Documents:

The newly independent Americans faced some fierce challenges after the American Revolutionary war. They had to deal with learning how to govern themselves along with dealing with the economic consequences of becoming an independent and physically geographically diverse country. Because each colony had a very weak connection to the other colonies, each state created their own state constitutions. The overall American government document was called the "Articles of Confederation". The Articles gave majority of the power to the states, which was an extreme form of government, but colonists wanted to get far away from a strong central government that was in England at the time. The colonies faced a very tough economic depression after the war. Not only were they in debt, but they also faced economic opposition from foreign countries. The dept caused a negative domino effect that reached most colonists. The poor rural farmers got hit the hardest. Many of them faced huge debts in which they usually couldn't overcome. While the colonists lost the British protection, the Spanish refuse to give up territory in the American west. Pirates began to raid American merchant ships, among other forms of sabotage to the American economy.

The Americans eventually understood that having a weak central government wasn't the answer. Shay's rebellion had a huge impact on how the U.S. Constitution. State officials understood to keep everyone unified they had to give everyone some type of voice. I wonder how quickly did the Americans began to build up their military to protect merchant ships and take the territory that was rightfully there's in the Western territory.
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm?eraID=4&smtid=2

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Title: White Slavery, Shay's Rebellion

Primary Documents:

To stay with the theme of the U.S. dealing with political and economical issues I decided to examine the primary documents that kept up with that theme. In reviewing John Adams, I noticed that the U.S. economic problem had a lot to do with not having a large army or navy. Many of their merchant ships were hijacked by people from other countries. In this case Algiers and other North African states. It wasn't until the early 1800's when the Americans could put a stop to all of these incidents from occurring. James Madison's proclamation was to force all officials to put their efforts into suppressing any violent measures against the government. At the time Shay's rebellion was still fresh on everyone's mind. But it would take government reform to satisfy the rural people. One of those reforms which temporarily satisfied the more rural citizens was the 3/5ths compromise. I wonder would if the 3/5ths compromise would have never gone into effect would the southern states ever ratify the U.S. Constitution?

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=262
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=167

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Charles Pinckney:
Charles Princkney was born in South Carolina to wealthy parents. He practice law and eventually and most importantly participated in the Continental Congress. He focused on creating a version of the Virginia Plan, and making sure the institution of slavery would remain a strong presence in the U.S. He wanted to make sure the international slave trade would not be prohibited. He made the case that the U.S. overall would continue to benefit from bringing in slaves from overseas. His influence on the issue would provide justification for future politicians on the laws for fugitive slave laws.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Pinckney

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=264

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Title: Proclamation of 1763

This map gives a clear visual where the colonists were allowed and not allowed to live. They was an imaginary line in which colonists were not allowed to move west of. The map doesn't include any psychical features which is key in understanding the line which was created as a boundary for the colonists. I think this map was created to show its audience how restricted the colonists were from expanding their living space. This map's political boundaries is very different from today's map of that area. The states were much smaller in size than they are today. I wonder how long did the English parliament believe they could keep the colonists from moving west?

https://kids.britannica.com/students/assembly/view/235760

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Title: The American Revolution

The secondary articles give a preview of the conditions which warranted the colonists to rebel against the British, the point of view of various groups, major events and turning points of the war, and its consequences. The documents include who was affected by this war and how the intervention of other countries help the colonists win their independence. The larger story behind this fight for independence so that we learn the lessons from yesterday today. The colonists had to band together to support a common cause even though they had major differences. The upper and merchant class had different reasons for rebellion than the middle and lower class, yet they came together for a common cause. The ideals from this rebellion are used today, and will be thought of during future issues in the U.S. I wonder if other British colonies in other parts of the world, heard of this rebellion at the time and were motivated to start their own?
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm?eraID=3&smtID=2

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Title: Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Proclamation of 1763.

After reading documents from the Sugar/Stamp Act and the Proclamation of 1763. I noticed some new information not yet known for myself. I saw that ordinary citizens not just the merchant and upper class were directly affected by certain British laws. The stamp act caused people not to be able to pay for ordinary products. The Proclamation Act of 1763 limited typical colonists from moving to new open lands. Those new lands presented a wealth of opportunity for colonists especially farmers. I think the audience for these writings were aimed at those who needed validation for the colonial revolt against the British. I wonder if the British realistically thought these laws could lead to a rebellion and an ultimate lost of the colonies. Did they just believe the colonists would never be able to build up an army?
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3877

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3960

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=159

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Thomas Paine:
Thomas Paine was born in England and was not very well educated. He faced some trying times as a young adult there. He was able to meet Benjamin Franklin who helped him get to America. While in Philadelphia, he began to work for a Magazine. While working for the magazine company is where he found his passion in life, which was writing articles and books. He was famous for his "Common Sense" pamphlet. His writings help motivate many colonists to support the cause to break away from England. The support received from the book help create the Declaration of Independence. He also wrote "The Crisis" which helped renew the spirits of many colonial troops and was said to ultimately helped the colonists when the war against Britain.
I believe the purpose of this writing was to not only give a review of the key aspects of Thomas Paine life, but it also helped readers understand his major contribution to the colonies gaining heir independence from England. I wonder, with all of his contribution why wasn't he taken care of financially by the American government officials?
https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/thomas-paine

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Tile: Imperial Context in North America before the 1763 Treaty of Paris

This map his audience a clear view of the lands the French and British occupied. It also shows which lands were disputed and would eventually lead to a conflict between the two sides. Because it is a political map only, it doesn't show you the key natural physical features and resources that proved pivotal. The map doesn't include boundaries for each current state, it focuses on the European occupation of lands at the time. I wonder how the relationship with the British was and French colonists with the Spanish since they both had lands that bordered them?

http://international.loc.gov/intldl/fiahtml/map4.html

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Title: The Rise of Antislavery Sentiment

The Anti- slavery article focuses on the importance of the Atlantic slave trade in England and the English colonies. It also mentions the movement Quakers started against slavery. The 7 years war was the major event that motivated the Quakers to move against the institution. The audience for this would be a person who is interested in learning about the economic impact slavery had on England's economy. The larger story behind this article how the Quakers would begin to lead the anti-slavery movement in the colonies. I wonder if there are true records that were kept to see how much England truly benefited from slavery?
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3593

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Title: Great Wars for Empire
This primary document speaks volumes to the issues that many Native American faced during the European colonization of the Americans. Many tribes were loyal to the French and the same to the British. The Natives had to deal with the defeat of the French by the British in the "French and Indian War". This letter was written by Minavavana, a Indian Chief toward an English trader. The letter focused on informing the English that because they defeated the French didn't not mean they could take their land and their loyalty from the French. Those who read this would understand that the British colonists wouldn't be greeted kindly by many French loyal Indians and would have to forcibly remove or force many natives to conform in the future. I wonder did the English show effort to peacefully trade with many of the once French loyalists and try to win them over?

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=657

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Robert Dinwiddie

ORQ:
Robert Dinwiddie was born in Scotland to a merchant family. Quite naturally he became a merchant. Over time he became a surveyor general in the American colonies. His job along with his appointment to Virginia colonial counsel led him to great wealth. He was elected to be a Lieutenant Governor of Virginia from 1751- 1754. During that time, he is most notably remembered for being a major cause for the start of the French and Indian War. As a stockholder for the Ohio Company, who profited by the sell of fur in the Ohio Valley, he had an interest in the success of the trade and understood the French interference could hurt profits. He wanted to do his part to keep the business thriving by sending over George Washington to confront the French in the area and it was a disaster. The encounter led to the larger conflict. Those who are interested in reading about Dinwiddie would be most likely interested in his efforts to start a conflict versus the French. I wonder if Virginians were aware of Dinwiddie's contribution to the start of the war, and would they have a greed with his stance if they did know.

https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Dinwiddie_Robert_1692-1770

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Title: A Map of the British Empire in America

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Title: A Map of the British Empire in America

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The first thing I notice about this map is that the Appalachian mts. serve as an unofficial boundary for the colonies. I also notice how close the Spanish and French territories are to the colonies and how that can be an issue. This map was made to remind/worn the British about the great presence of the French and Spanish. Especially the Spanish presence directly south. I believe the person that created this map had the intention on alarming the British so that they focus on expanding their own territory before they are boxed in.
I wonder what the extent these territorial disputes contribute to the upcoming wars the British would have with the Spanish and French?
http://www.history.org/history/museums/mappingexhibit.html

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Title: The Southernmost Colonies: The Carolinas and Georgia

The secondary document focused completely on the slave owning aspect of the southern aspect of society. It's easy to see why settlers in that area focused on increasing their supply of slave labor. It was cheaper, they were used to working in hot/humid climates. Even though Georgia wanted to stay slave free, the profit motive behind slaves was too great to keep them out. The larger story behind these stories are to give a clear picture of the influence of the institution of slavery on the Southern society. Slaves begin to outnumber Caucasian settlers in some areas in the south. Because the number of slaves were connected to profit margins, the number of slaves continue to increase during the 1600 and 1700's. The expansion of utilizing the land for farming forced many southern colonists to clash with the local natives. I wonder if how much pressure would Georgia face if they kept their policy of baring slavery from its colony?

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3589

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Title: Life in the Southern Colonies

As I examine the primary documents in this section, the most common them I'm reminded of is the importance of agriculture to the southern way of life. Farming affects all parts of their society. Because of the physical geography in the South, planting cash crops became the main source of economic development in the region. Their economy relied on slave labor and it became a very key aspect to their society. The south is known for utilizing the institution of slavery more that other region in the colonies. While areas in the middle colonies and other regions in the colonies had forms of slavery, they weren't as important as it was in the South. Slaves worked grow crops and do work around the plantation houses. The documents also mention how some colonists traded fur with the local Indians. Similar to northern colonies, the fur trade had some prosperous spots in the Southern colonies.  The purposes of these primary documents is to describe the southern lifestyle. It distinguishes its way of life compared to the other regions in the colonies. I wonder what was the major occupations for many of the Caucasian middle/lower class workers. Especially the jobs of the workers who weren't slave or plantation owners.

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=4217

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=648

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Observe:
James Oglethorpe was born and raised In England. As a young man, he became active in the military, politics, and most importantly prison reform. He planned to create a colony in America were the "worthy poor" could live and therefore positively effect the prison population in England. I noticed the differences from other regions, in this colony which encouraged prisoners/poor people to move to the area and ban slavery.
Reflect:
The purpose of this text is to get key information on the life on James Oglethorpe. There are some key important events in his life which would change U.S. history. Some of those events were the battles with Spain, tackling the issue of slavery, and the profitability of cash crops. People who are interested in learning about Georgia or the Southern colonies as a whole would read this article.
Questions:
I wonder what was the issues of many of the settlers who wanted to move to South Carolina instead of Georgia? I also want to know how did poor Georgians feel when slavery was opened up and their job prospects decreased?

https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/james-oglethorpe-1696-1785

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In my immediate examination of this map, I know its focuses on the middle colonies between 1600's - 1700's. It also shows the population patterns within those time frames. I noticed the Appalachian Mountains served as a barrier for the colonists at the time.
I believe this map was made to show its audience how the people migrated into the Middle colonies over time. It also shows the importance of the major cities to the region. If this map was made today, the boundaries of these states would look a lot different. Pennsylvania and New York have grown almost double in size. I wonder when did colonists begin to migrate past the Appalachian Mountain and create settlements there? I also wonder how was the relations with the Natives in those areas?
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/photo/colonial-settlement/

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Secondary Documents:These documents cover similar topics as the primary documents. They examine other alternate perspectives of the same events and issues. The Middle colonies documents discuss the origination of New York. It discusses its establishment by the Dutch and through conflict, how it was eventually controlled by the English. It also hits on a very frequently mentioned view during these times, competition of profit. Sometimes its easy to lose focus when diving into these various topics of what the common goal for most Europeans involved in these dealings in the "New World". William Penn was a English Quaker who was able to establish a colony called Pennsylvania. There was a mention about it not being as violent as the other colonies toward the Natives and being a haven for religious toleration. Reality set in as trade became more prosperous, Pennsylvania developed many similarities to the other colonies. Slavery wasn't a major emphasis in the Northern colonies but it was important part of society. Different from the south, the amount of slaves in the North were way less in comparison, and they had a diversity of roles from the southern agrarian based society. This reality of diversity exposes the various ways northern colonies did business, via factories, shipping, and farming. Because the Northern slaves had dealings with lower class whites and weren't necessarily segregated into one place, many slave owners in the North feared rebellion. Those fears became heightened in times of bad economic times in which lower class whites were economically depressed and angry. Any incident that would occur that in which  African Americans were accused of creating had harsh responses by the colonists in the North. The stories of slave rebellions in the south were responsible for those hard treatments.  I wonder if there were many White lower class rebellions in the Middle colonies? 

# data[].attributes.subject
Secondary Documents:These documents cover similar topics as the primary documents. They examine other alternate perspectives of the same events and issues. The Middle colonies documents discuss the origination of New York. It discusses its establishment by the Dutch and through conflict, how it was eventually controlled by the English. It also hits on a very frequently mentioned view during these times, competition of profit. Sometimes its easy to lose focus when diving into these various topics of what the common goal for most Europeans involved in these dealings in the "New World". William Penn was a English Quaker who was able to establish a colony called Pennsylvania. There was a mention about it not being as violent as the other colonies toward the Natives and being a haven for religious toleration. Reality set in as trade became more prosperous, Pennsylvania developed many similarities to the other colonies. Slavery wasn't a major emphasis in the Northern colonies but it was important part of society. Different from the south, the amount of slaves in the North were way less in comparison, and they had a diversity of roles from the southern agrarian based society. This reality of diversity exposes the various ways northern colonies did business, via factories, shipping, and farming. Because the Northern slaves had dealings with lower class whites and weren't necessarily segregated into one place, many slave owners in the North feared rebellion. Those fears became heightened in times of bad economic times in which lower class whites were economically depressed and angry. Any incident that would occur that in which  African Americans were accused of creating had harsh responses by the colonists in the North. The stories of slave rebellions in the south were responsible for those hard treatments.  I wonder if there were many White lower class rebellions in the Middle colonies? 

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http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3583
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3586
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3587
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3588

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Primary Documents:

The Middle Colonies were located between the Chesapeake region and the New England colonies. Its location and the various culture that existed in it ensured it would have an unique history. Williams Penn writes a vivid description of the Native Americans in Pennsylvania. He examines topics of how they raise their children, how their government is set up. Penn's writing seem to insist that the Natives will be easy to work and live with. I believe with the tone of the letter, the audience was for the government in England. The letter could be to motivate more migration and investment to the colonies. He left all of the complications that came as their land was taken and conflicts in the other areas.  I wonder how much of the conflicts did the English know about?

In New York, the Schenectady Massacre discusses more of a gruesome reality of the relationship with Natives and a conflict with two competing colonies. The Massacre represents the many times in American history where the Natives get caught up between the conflict of competing European colonists, and those conflicts usually turn out with an excessive loss of life for them.

The Middle colonies had a diverse set if rules and religions. One would think the presence of various religions would give the area high toleration for each other. The Quakers who begin to migrate to the area weren't afforded that toleration. They faced major discrimination in the form of not being to elect their own officials to being imprisoned for their religious practices. Other negative issues faced the middle colonies such as Governors trying to arrest people for their views in the press and the execution and banishment of many African Slaves who may have been innocent of their charges. I'm guessing the courts had an abundance of credible evidence to justify executing all of the African slaves?

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=94
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=83

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=641

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Title: William Penn
Was born in England and as a young man conformed to the religious sec of Quakers. To his fathers dismay, he became a very prominent and active member of the society. Through political alliances and events in England, Penn was given the power to found a colony in which he named Pennsylvania. This text describes his goals for the colony which was a to be a safe haven for Quakers to live along with other religious minorities. His plan for the colony attracted people from various European countries. That diversity had a major impact on the future of that region. He also made alliances with the Local Natives, the Delaware which a painting is showed of his meeting with them in this document. I believe the purpose of this text is to give some biographical information of the life of Penn and how his creation of Pennsylvania impact on America. I learned that like much of the other parts of the colonies, economic interest had an impact on all the colonies. Religious freedom was not the only factor. I wonder what policies did he enact to lose the trust and faith from the lower class/ farmers in the Pennsylvania colony

https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Penn-English-Quaker-leader-and-colonist

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This map consists of the two major English colonies in the early 1600's. It also shows the areas were particular Native Americans controlled. I think this map gives readers a good look at the colonial boundaries compared to the present day political boundaries. After reading documents and examining maps of the 1670's New England, I get a clearer picture of why many Native Americans united and revolted against the settlers. There isn't much room in New England, and over time, many more Englishmen came to settle across the region. Even though some settlers made peace with the Natives and actually became their trading partners, many of them didn't and seized their lands.
I wonder if the Native Americans wouldn't have had so many losses to European Disease would they been able to hold on to much of their lands?

https://www.britannica.com/place/Massachusetts-Bay-Colony/media/368431/198106

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Because religion dominated the lifestyle in New England along with the fact that in the town of Salem they had major rivalries between the farmers and the wealthy class, a horrible event occurred called the "Salem Witch Trials." Those witch trials signal to readers how intense that region was about their religious beliefs. Those religious beliefs along with other factors caused innocent people to die and incarcerated. Some of the other factors were the rivalries between the wealthy traders and the poor farmers. The Witch Trials began when there was even more on an influx of poor agrarians settling into an already economically strained place. I think this article was written to not only examine the religious dedication of the New Englanders, but also for people to realize how destructive fear and ignorance can be. I wonder if all the victims of the Witch trials and their family really receive compensation for their losses?

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/a-brief-history-of-the-salem-witch-trials-175162489/

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Title: Reasons for Puritan Migration

This document was written by John Winthrop, and it focused on laying out the reasons why he and his followers migrated to the Americas.
Mainly his reason consisted of following God's plan to create a purified religious living area so the people especially the young one's would have an opportunity to escape from religious corruption. For its readers, people get a first hand account of the religious persecution that occurred in England, along with economic discrimination many people faced. I think this document is important because it gives current citizens a basis of the foundation of our government. Puritans have a major contribution to many of our ideas that were included in the U.S. Constitution.
I wonder if the English Government would've granted Winthrop and and his friends the charter if they knew the colony was founded for religious freedom?

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=68

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Title: Roger Williams
Roger Williams was originally from London, England. Similar to many other Puritans, he left England to join other who wanted religious freedom. He eventually landed in Massachusetts Bay and became a pastor. His "radical" ideas of forms of separation of church and state along with his acknowledgement of Indian lands forced his stay in Massachusetts to be short.
Ironically he founded a new settlement in which he purchased from the Native Americans. His decent relationship created with the Native Americans allowed him and his people to peacefully trade with the Natives.
This article was written for people to understand the key achievements and events of Williams life. For those who study the major events and issues of colonial England are able understand the times through Williams biography. The Puritans didn't always agree on how to govern and how they should deal with the Native Americans. Many popular leaders decided to leave and found their own communities.
I wonder if Williams view of government was given credit during the Constitutional Conventions or any previous colonial government meetings.
www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3581

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roger-Williams-American-religious-leader

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Title: Williams Mount and Thomas Page: A General Chart of the Western Ocean

The first thing I notice is the map of the eastern coast of the U.S., Caribbean islands, Africa, and Europe. This obviously has something to do with the travel and exchange of goods between these major places.
I think this map was made for those for traders or general explorers. It has trading ports listed along the Eastern Coastal areas of the colonies along with some on the Caribbean Islands. As I examine the map, I see that there are dates that represent the amount of time it takes to get from North America to Europe. I also notice that it doesn't label colonial towns or key places inland America. It seems to focus on the coast which reminds me the aim of this map if toward traders.

I wonder why there are not many ports written on this map in Africa?

http://www.history.org/history/museums/mappingExhibit.html

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Title:
Multiple

These documents give a summary of how the English became a power in North America, the culture they brought along with them, and view of the key events that shaped their future. They begin by talking about the motivating factors which led to the English becoming interested in colonizing the "New World".  The English were motivated to take over American mostly because of its economic potential. Many crops became valuable in the "Old World". England also had a lot of people who were motivated to move from their homes for religious purposes and start a new. Indentured servants, clashes with the Native Indians, and the introductions had major impacts on the English way of life in the Americas. Not only did the English and French have different experiences and way's of life when colonizing parts of America, but the English colonists had very different living experiences (New England/ Southern). The documents also focus on gender roles, differences in experiences from the rich and poor, and the development of popular culture among the colonists.

This text was created to not only give background to the readers about the Migration and colonization of the English to the Americas, but also touch on various parts of their way of life after their arrived.  Each particular document breaks down the key aspects of a typical colonists life experience, along with the natives and African slaves.

I wonder why there aren't many stories of English settlers moving on the other side of the Appalachian mountains?

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm?eraID=2&smtID=1

http://www.history.org/foundation/journal/spring08/pop.cfm

https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Women_in_Colonial_Virginia

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3575

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3576

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Title: multiple
The Primary document focus in detail the relationship some of the English colonists had with the local Natives. Many of the English settlers had experienced some violent times with the Natives. The settlers focused on raising Tobacco as a cash crop, and they constantly looked for new land to grow it. That movement in settlement often put them in direct conflict with Native hunting grounds. At some point the two groups would have a conflict, in which the colonists would usually win. There were some instances where some of the colonists tried to create alliances with the Natives, especially in the case of Pocahontas. The documents also focus on the struggle to survive for the early Virginia colonists. Disease and starvation was a big reason for their high mortality rate. Another issue for the Southern English colonists were the high number of indentured servants from England, they weren't prepared for that type of work and overall life. Rebellions and revolts caused many English planters to turn to African slaves. These articles gave me more insight in the experiences many English colonists along with the Indians. There are so many overall issues surrounding these settlements, most of them having to be motivated by a small group of businessmen. I wonder why didn't more people similar to Bacon realize the sacrifices they made were for a group of people who really didn't seem to care about their well being?

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=660

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=64

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=3998

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=71

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=73

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Title: Williams Berkeley
Observe:  When reading his biography I notice that he is born of privileged. He is afforded connections and access to high level education. He was awarded the Governor of the English Colony, Virginia. His goal as the governor was to establish a privileged class of mainly landowners. He also focused on finding profitable substitutes to tobacco. He experienced a few years of success in building up the colony and his fortunes. Toward then end of his kingship, he lost favor with the English crown, he had a to deal with a devastating rebellion from Bacon, and his good fortunes with the farming products reversed due to high government taxes.
Reflect:
The purpose of this text was to mainly inform the readers of the key moments in the life of Berkeley. It also gave us some context to further the readers knowledge on life in the colonies. It touched on the violence with the natives, trading independently to other countries, managing religious people, and keeping order in the colony.
Question:
I want to know more information about Berkeley trading experience with other countries? Was England aware of this? Did other Governors have a similar practice in place?

https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Berkeley_Sir_William_1605-1677

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Title: Pequot War
This gives its examiners a detailed view of battle places, troop movement, and the region where the war took place. The map shows the Pequot Indians lived in a area around the Pequot river along with other major water ways.
This map was made to give a detailed view of the location of the battles and troop movements of the English. There interested issue with this map is it doesn't show who actually won the battle, which in turns leave map examiners clueless on who won the war.
https://americanwars.us/wpd-content/uploads/2017/12/Pequot-War-Map.jpg

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Title: Peter Mancall Introduction-English Promotion and Settlement of the Americas

The  "English Promotion and Settlement of America" is used to give some pre-text of the legitimate reasons why the English explorers settled in the America's, but also why  and how they influenced other Englishmen to do the same. The audience for this reading are people who who have an interest in the motivation for the English people to want to come to the new world, and description of some of the issues they would have to face. I wonder did the majority of the common English people really grasp the "real" reasons, many English began to explore the New World?

The reading also compares the English with the French motivations for colonization parts of North America. The main reasons for the English was profit, religious conversion and persecution, and overpopulation. No matter what problems the English faced in their early voyages and settlements, they made sure to shine a positive light on the situation. They wanted to eliminate any real rumors so they could gain support for more people settling in the Americas.  Overtime, cash crops were discovered which encouraged the movement of an large mass of people migrating from England.
file:///C:/Users/coachchris33/Downloads/Peter_Mancall_Introduction-English%20Prmotion%20and%20Settlement%20of%20the%20Americas.pdf

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As I read the title of the Primary document, the first thing that came to mind was that Winthrop was worried about a upcoming conflict with the local Natives. It's as if he seems like this can be catastrophic for his colony.
This letter was written for the officials back in England. It was meant to give them a update so they feel comfortable with their investment. The letter mentioned the survival of many of its inhabitants, the number of Natives who perished because of war and diseases, and the number of profitable resources that can be used in England. My question is how much was the local Natives involved in the colonists developing multiple food sources?

http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=3&psid=61

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Title:Richard Hakluyt
Observe:
As I read the biography of the two parts of Richard's life that stands out is his passion for writing and promoting the colonization of Americas to the English.
What also stands out is other than his small investment in the Virginia Company, his motivation for the support discussed with much detail.
During the time Richard promoted England's colonization efforts, there were a few negative reports from the "New World" which made English officials hesitant to invest people or money into the it's exploration.
A similar question I have for most Explorers of the new world, what percentage did Richard care about spreading Christianity versus gaining profits.

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Hakluyt

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Title:
Map of Joliet and Macques
Observe:
The first thing I notice with this map is the closeness to Lake Michigan and the location overall focuses on the Midwest.
Reflection: I think this map was created to give the audience of visual of the courageous journey Mareutte and Joliet took to the Southern states.
Question:
I wonder who was officially the first person to travel from the Northern part of the Mississippi, to down toward New Orleans?

https://kids.britannica.com/kids/assembly/view/89252

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Title:
Native North America and The French Jesuits
Observe:
This document focuses on the creation, spread, and the mission goals for the Jesuit faith. Their history of their religion is examined, moreover the spotlight was placed on their mission work in North America.

file:///C:/Users/coachchris33/Downloads/Native%20North%20America%20and%20the%20French%20Jesuits.pdf

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Title:
Father Jacques Marquette
Observe:
The first thing I noticed about the document, is Marquette frequent mention of his goal to spread his religion to the natives. Even though other key people in his party had ulterior motivations.

Reflect:
This document was not only used to spread the Jesuit belief to various areas, but this was important for other explorers who were interested in traveling down to the Midwestern area of the U.S.

Question:
I question with this death defying journey, was Marquette motivated totally on creating potential mission fields or was he also motivated by money, or discovery of precious resources?
https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/pdfs/lessons/EDU-LessonPlans-FatherJacquesMarquette1673-Letter.pdf

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Title: Jacques Marquette
Observe:
This short biography includes some preliminary information on the early life of Marquette, but most of the articles is made up of his journeys along the Mississippi River.
Reflect:
This article is meant to describe to readers about his journeys down the Mississippi River. I think the audience would be the people who are interested in the Jesuit explorations of the Americas.
Question:
I wonder some more of the details of Marquette journey down the Mississippi. What are some specific customs and resources he was exposed to?

https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS520

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Title: Letters to Charles V (Hernando Cortes) - Letter 1 July 10, 1519.
The first thing I observe as I examine this document, is the vibrant descriptions he gives of the New World (Mexica). It seems as if he wants to excite his homeland so they would continue to support his exploration effort. I think Cortes wants to also target the Spanish leaders who's exploration motivations have religious purposes. Cortes describes some of the various religious practices in which he knows would enrage the king.
I wonder what percentage of the Spanish Kings court was motivated by money/power compared to those who were motivated by the spread of Catholicism.
file:///C:/Users/coachchris33/Downloads/Encounters.pdf

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Title: Encounters: New Spain
The readings are truly fascinating, especially for a person who believes that he knew all there was to know about the fall of Tenochtitlan. I love the fact the readings elaborate on the goals, traditions, cultures, and perspectives of each side before the conflict. It gives readers a deeper understanding of motivations for both sides. I think the purposes of this text is to not only give a detailed explanation of the events of the Spanish conquest of Mexico, but also raise questions for those who have particular feelings and previous exposure to what was reported to have happened.

The readings provide primary documents "letters" from Cortes and Diaz to give that authenticity of occurred in that time period. The pictures serve as visuals to help tell the story of not only the relationship between the Spanish and natives, but also gives insight into the natives cultural and religious practices. Cortes gives the illusion which is frequently mentioned in history that he has interest in changing the religious practices of the natives for their sake. In actually I can infer from all the readings that his only goal was to enrich his self, which aligned with Spain goal which was enrich themselves also. I've always heard of the greatness of Tenochtitlan, but didn't know its wonders rivals those of Paris, London, Madrid and other major cities in the world. There may be popular thought these natives had barbaric traditions, but in actuality at that time, many of their practices were considered modern or sometimes advanced.

The questions I have is how do Mexicans today recognize Montezuma, Hero or trader? I also wonder if many Mexicans hold on to older traditions or religions, or did most of them keep their catholic practices in which the Spanish bright over. file:///C:/Users/coachchris33/Downloads/Introduction%20(002)%20(2).pdf

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Title: Routes of Cortes
The first thing I notice as I examine this map is the location of Tenochtitlan, and the difficulty Cortes would face to get there. I also notice how the map key helps tell the story of the Spanish conquest of Mexico.
I believe this map was made to give viewers a simplistic view of the Spanish takeover the Aztec empire. I like this map over many of the other maps because it makes it easier for a typical viewer who is not familiar with reading historical maps.
I wonder if I can find a map with these similar features that will include more physical features. I also would like to know the territories of the various Tribes Cortes had to pass to get to Tenochtitlan.
http://myemail.constantcontact.com/Cort-s----the-Conquest-of-Aztec-Mexico---What-You-Didn-t-Know-.html?soid=1108762609255&aid=l27xxwjrueY

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Title: Malinche
As I observe the source, I notice a picture of a huge statue of Malinche. It tells me that she played  a key role in society.
I learned a lot about Malinche early life and her relationship with Cortes. Mostly, this article gave me the notion that Malinche actions are viewed wildly different from the masses. Some people feel she is heroic, others feel she is a traitor.
I'm very interested to learn more about her role in the Spanish conquest of Mexico, and wonder if there are other credible resources to examine the details of her actions.
https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-malinche-2136516

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