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Dred Scott, a Missouri slave who went to court to attempt to win his freedom, argued that when his master took him to Wisconsin, it made him a free man. However, the court ruled that African-Americans could never be American citizens and therefore couldn't even sue for his freedom, and that secondly, the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, which led to slavery being legal everywhere

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dred_Scott_photograph_%28circa_1857%29.jpg/1200px-Dred_Scott_photograph_%28circa_1857%29.jpg

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Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts was distraught from the violence in Kansas, and delivered a passionate speech attacking many Southerners for what had happened in Kansas. As a result, Preston Brooks, the nephew of Senator Butler, whom Sumner verbally attacked, savagely assaulted Sumner with a metal-tipped cane.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Southern_Chivalry.jpg

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After the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, many peaceful farmers moved to Kansas, but some pro/antislavery people went to to voice their beliefs. Soon, a pro-slavery government and an anti-slavery government were both formed in the area, which eventually led to raids from both sides on the other's towns

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1863/september/quantrill-raid-lawrence-kansas.jpg

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8. The Kansas-Nebraska Slave Act of 1854

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8. The Kansas-Nebraska Slave Act of 1854

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Under the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Nebraska and Kansas would be admitted as states and the Missouri Compromise would be abolished.

https://sites.google.com/a/student.ucps.k12.nc.us/the-antebellum-period/_/rsrc/1463682683181/congress/kansas-nebraska-act/gette-bleeding-kansas-cpii-2010-5-728.jpg

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According to the Fugitive Slave Act, fugitive slaves(runaways) has almost no legal rights. Also, anyone who helped a slave escape or refused to help find runaway slaves would be jailed.

https://image.pbs.org/poster_images/assets/Episode_2_Fugitive_Slave_Act.png.resize.710x399.png

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The Compromise of 1850 was created by Henry Clay, a senator from Kentucky that would please everyone. To please the North, California would be added as a free state, and the slave trade in Washington D.C. would end, and to please the South, New Mexico and Utah could decide on whether or not to have slaves, and the Fugitive Slave Act would be passed.

http://www.ushistory.org/us/images/00080486.gif

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As the battle over slavery continued between the South and the North, Californians requested admission as a state. Northerners welcomed California, a free state, but Southerners argued that adding California would upset the balance between free and slave states.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/California_economic_regions_map_%28labeled_and_colored%29.svg/220px-California_economic_regions_map_%28labeled_and_colored%29.svg.png

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Abraham Lincoln's opponent in the Senate race was Senator Stephen Douglas, who saw no reason why the Union couldn't go on half slave and half free, so Lincoln challenged him to debate over slavery. Douglas argued that the slavery issue was already put to rest by the Dred-Scott Decision, but Lincoln argued that slavery was a moral issue, not a legal one.

https://thumbs-prod.si-cdn.com/7KsxQdx3la-Rj7A56lNvf9Zk9IY=/800x600/filters:no_upscale()/https://public-media.smithsonianmag.com/filer/lincoln_douglas633.jpg

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While Lincoln used words to attempt to end slavery, John Brown fought to end slavery through more extreme means. Brown attempted to raid a federal arsenal and use the weapons to arm slaves and begin a revolt to end slavery, which ultimately resulted in him and all his followers being killed or captured, and him being viewed as a hero by Northerners.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/HWFireHouseBrown.jpg/300px-HWFireHouseBrown.jpg

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14. Abraham Lincoln is Elected President

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14. Abraham Lincoln is Elected President

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In the 1860 presidential election, the Republicans were united behind Abraham Lincoln(anti-slavery), while the Democrats were divided between Southern and Northern factions. In addition, a third party joined the election, causing Lincoln's opposition to be split, allowing him an easy win.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Abraham_Lincoln_O-55%2C_1861-crop.jpg/220px-Abraham_Lincoln_O-55%2C_1861-crop.jpg

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After the election, the South realized that they were actually in the minority, as Lincoln won with only 40% of the votes which were all from the North. As a result, white Southerners believed that slavery would be abolished, destroying their lifestyle, so they voted to leave the Union to protect their way of life.

http://c1vilw4r.weebly.com/uploads/5/1/7/3/51731467/8991179_orig.gif

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During the Mexican-American War, James Polk sent a bill to Congress requesting for funds, to which David Wilmot added an amendment to(the Wilmot Proviso.) This amendment stated that any potential territory acquired by the war could not contain slaves, but was rejected by the Senate

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/US_SlaveFree1861.gif/310px-US_SlaveFree1861.gif

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Slaves often fled to the North to escape the horrors of slavery. They were often assisted by sympathetic Northerners, but their acts of kindness were viewed as robbery by the slaveholders in the South.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Runaway_slave.jpg/220px-Runaway_slave.jpg

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During the Second Great Awakening(1920s-30s), the religious revival caused a surge of abolitionists inundating Congress with antislavery petitions. Congress voted to put aside these petitions, and consequently, tensions rose even more between the two groups, as the slave owners viewed abolitionists as attacking their way of life.

http://images.slideplayer.com/13/3746246/slides/slide_3.jpg

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In 1820, the Southern and Northern states couldn't agree over the issue of adding Missouri as a slave or a free state. After debating over the issue, they decided to add it as a slave state and add Maine a free statehttp://mrkash.com/activities/images/MissouriCompromisemap.jpg