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Supreme Court of Illinois upheld the right for Nazis to march in a predominantly Jewish town displaying the Swastika, due to it being symbolic speech and not meeting the standard of "fighting words".

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Lying about someone's career/character (Slander and Libel are the ways to do it).

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Written and spoken lying about someone's character or career that will cause firings, loss of friends.associate, etc. (Libel: Written, Slander: Spoken).

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Any person born on U.S. soil is a citizen, forbade states to deny anyone with "life, liberty, or property, without due process of the law", or deny any person "equal protection of the laws" in states.

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted (Self Explanatory).

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Guarantees a jury trial for civil cases in the federal courts. Normally not heard of anymore in the federal court system.

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Speech directed with the intent to overthrow the Govt.

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Guarantees the defendant a public trial without unreasonable delay, right to a lawyer, right to an impartial jury, right to know who your accusers are and what charges you have against you.

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Korematsu sued the U.S. Govt for rounding up people of Japanese ancestry and placing them in internment camps. The Supreme Court sided with the govt, saying that this was legal because the need to protect against espionage outweighed his rights, and that this exclusion was alright because it fell under "emergency and peril" clause.

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Guarantees the right to a grand jury, forbids “double jeopardy,” and protects against self-incrimination, due process, right to remain silent,eminent domain with "just compensation".

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Segregation that happens by a congregation of a certain race or color just living in a certain area, and another race or color living in another area, with no laws making it that that's where you're supposed to live, but you just do (Societal Racism).

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The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized

(Police need a warrant to enter house, search with probable cause)

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A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances (Has both the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause).

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Supreme Court made it unconstitutional for Public Schools to reimburse salaries of teachers teaching at private, mostly catholic schools in violation of the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment, because Public Schools is Govt run, while the private is not and catholic (Govt. can't endorse/help a specific religion).

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Restriction that prohibits speech or other protection before it can take place. It's very unconstitutional and the first amendment says no to it.

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Located in First Amendment. Govt. can't interfere with the free exercise of religion or persecute certain religious groups or target them.

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A test issued to determined the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance. In order to pass, the statute or law must be rationally related to a legitimate govt interest.

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Supreme Court ruled that every defendant in a court room has a right to an attorney, regardless of the crime they have committed. In 6th Amendment.

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U.S. Supreme court ruled that segregation was legal, on the grounds that facilities were "Separate but Equal", helping affirm the constitutionality of racial laws.

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Dred Scott was a slave that sued his master in court when his master brought him to Illinois, which was a free state. Supreme Court ruled that Scott couldn't sue because he wasn't an American citizen due to his race, and that the Federal Govt. had no power to regulate slavery in U.S. territories.

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Supreme Court decision that made it legal for all woman in America to have an abortion.

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Act passed that that outlaws discrimination based on race, gender, color, religion, or national origin in the work place or in the country in general.

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State and Local laws that work to discriminate against blacks (Blacks sit in the back of the bus, separate waiting rooms, etc.).

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Mostly used in universities, this gives minority individuals a greater chance at getting into colleges than majority individuals.

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Tests used to deny African Americans the right to vote in the South (Jim Crow), as well as poll taxes, property restrictions , and intimidation.

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Supreme Court ruled that evidence obtained in an illegal search and seizure of a place/gathering evidence can't be used in any court and violates the 4th Amendment.

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Located in the 14th Amendment, this sa that no state can deny a citizen of that state equal protection under the law.

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Court decision made it so that you have to be read your rights when you're arrested or else all evidence gained from you can't be used in court.

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Supreme Court rules that state laws separating public schools into whites only or black only is unconstitutional (Little Rock 9).

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Supreme Court decision making it that makes it unconstitutional for state officials to compose a school prayer and encourage it said in public schools (Violates Establishment Clause).

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Taking the Bill of Rights and applying them on a state level through the 14th Amendment.

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Something done purely by action to convey a belief/protest.

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Established that Affirmative Action is Constitutional in applying for colleges, but colleges couldn't meet racial quotas.

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Having reasonable grounds to search somewhere, shoot someone, etc. In Fourth Amendment.

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Segregation enforced by law. Pretty much Jim Crow.

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A group of people that have been historically subject to discrimination. Any law that shows a distinction in race or heritage and causes inequality will be reviewed by the Supreme Court

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The communication of ideas through the combination language and action.

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You cannot be charged with the same crime twice in a U.S. court of law.

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Fair treatment in court and through the justice system. Includes the right to a speedy trial by jury, a lawyer appointed to you, etc.

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Found in the First Amendment and states that the U.S. Government can't establish a national religion/head it, or prohibit the exercise of certain religions in the U.S.

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A law that prohibits the use of evidence in court if it's obtained by illegal means.