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Thomas Hooker was a pastor who came to America in 1633, landing in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

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The Separatists were a strict Puritan sect within English Protestantism.

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Roger Williams was an English colonist who founded the colony of Rhode Island.

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Peter Stuyvesant was the son of a Calvinist minister and a director in the Dutch West India Company. He began his career in the Dutch West India Company about 1632, and in 1643 he became director.

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John Rolfe was a colonial official and planter who played a vital role in the economic success of the Jamestown colony.

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Anne Hutchinson was a woman that came to Massachusetts with her kids to join the Massachusetts Bay Company.

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The Virginia Company was the English company that founded the colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.

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A staple crop is a crop that is most commonly grown in a particular region.

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The term Protestant Church refers to several different sects of Christianity that began to split off from the Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation, which took place in the 1500s.

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The word pilgrim means someone who takes a long journey, usually to a religious site—a journey known as a pilgrimage.

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Mercantilism is when you export more than you import to make more money.

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The Mayflower Compact was a document drawn up by the Pilgrims who sailed to Plymouth on the Mayflower.

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In 1629, "Massachusetts Bay Company" was a joint-stock company that was in Massachusetts.

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The solution lay in the idea of joint-stock companies, which were especially popular in England.

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The Dutch West India Company was a trading company that was founded to carry out what might best be described as a trade war against its European competitors.

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Economists use the term commodity to refer to a particular kind of good.

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The Church of England has been the official church for about 450 years.

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A colony is an area of land or a settlement that is ruled by another country.

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a cowboy; a cattle driver.

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used to refer to the trade in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that involved shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves, these slaves being shipped to the West Indies and exchanged for sugar, rum, and other commodities, which were in turn shipped back to Britain.

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relating to or situated on the other side of the Atlantic; British or European (from an American point of view).

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the action of buying and selling goods and services

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an important assignment carried out for political, religious, or commercial purposes, typically involving travel.

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the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.

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An indentured servant or indentured laborer is an employee (indenturee) within a system of unfree labor who is bound by a signed or forced contract (indenture) to work for a particular employer for a fixed time.

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a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

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he surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.

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a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area

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a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

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each of four parts of a plane, sphere, space, or body divided by two lines or planes at right angles

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a person who gives financial or other support to a person, organization, cause, or activity.

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1. a ship route along the Arctic coast of Canada and Alaska, joining the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

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A mutiny is an active rebellion or resistance to a military authority by someone who is under the command of that authority. The term is sometimes used to describe any rebellion against a commander on a ship, even if it is not a military ship.

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a triangular sail on a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast.

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a journey or voyage undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose, especially that of exploration, scientific research, or war.

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a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

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an instrument for drawing circles and arcs and measuring distances between points, consisting of two arms linked by a movable joint, one arm ending in a point and the other usually carrying a pencil or pen.

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the action or process of sailing or otherwise traveling all the way around something, especially the world.

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a small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th–17th centuries.

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an instrument formerly used to make astronomical measurements, typically of the altitudes of celestial bodies, and in navigation for calculating latitude, before the development of the sextant. In its basic form (known from classical times), it consists of a disk with the edge marked in degrees and a pivoted pointer.

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According to the beliefs of Native American cultures in the Pacific Northwest and parts of Canada, a totem is a guardian or ancestor that watches over people.

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A tepee was a cone-shaped tent used by some Native American groups for shelter. This type of housing was most common in the Plains region of the United States.

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Algonquian is the name of a family of Northeast Native American languages.

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An empire is a large group of territories and people who are ruled by a single sovereign leader or nation.

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The Iroquois League played an important role in the European settlement of North America.

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A kiva is a room used by Puebloans for religious rituals and political meetings, many of them associated with the kachina belief system.

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The Longhouse (or Birch Bark House) was a long, narrow house that was traditionally built by the American Native Indians of the Northeast Woodlands.

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Natural resources are substances, materials, and living things that occur on or within the earth and that have economic value.

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Pueblo comes from the Spanish word for “village.” The Pueblo Indian emerged around 100 CE.