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Hosts Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner discuss the military through the eyes of leftists, why they became socialists, and the brutality of US foreign policy on foreign countries. I personally enjoyed this podcast because it really delves into the politics of the military and the many atrocities some in the military might face, which was completely unkown to me.

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Hosts Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner discuss the military through the eyes of leftists, why they became socialists, and the brutality of US foreign policy on foreign countries. I personally enjoyed this podcast because it really delves into the politics of the military and the many atrocities some in the military might face, which was completely unkown to me.

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Hosts Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner discuss the military through the eyes of leftists, why they became socialists, and the brutality of US foreign policy on foreign countries. I personally enjoyed this podcast because it really delves into the politics of the military and the many atrocities some in the military might face, which was completely unkown to me.

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This podcast series talks about the space explorations of modern times and explains the technology needed to

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This podcast reads a letter from a woman recovering from her eating disorder asking how she can balance healthy eating without obsessing over her meals. The speaker does an excellent job of explaining that you must love yourself enough to love food as well. We should go through a thorough self-examination in order to give ourselves unwavering permission to eat. I think this podcast as well as the channel are very helpful resources for those who struggle with eating disorders.

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The Love, Food Podcast: Peace from emotional eating, binge eating, eating disorders, and negative body image through intuitive eating and health at every size approaches

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The Love, Food Podcast: Peace from emotional eating, binge eating, eating disorders, and negative body image through intuitive eating and health at every size approaches

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Clean eating. Low carb. Low fat. Do this not that. Now what? Eating is getting too stuffy and complicated. Throw open your windows to allow a new stream of health, wellness, and peace. Time to examine your dusty food belief knick-knacks. What if you could write a letter to food?

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See all the wonderful things Opal Koeppel Willcoxson has made

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See all the wonderful things Sai Kukkadapu has made

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See all the wonderful things Kathryn Bushman has made

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This podcast tells about how social relations between young adults has changed over the last 50 years. Today, technology has changed the way males and females "pick up" members of the opposite sex. Because there was no tinder 50 years ago, people seeking casual sex had to go out in the hopes of finding someone they were attracted to. Unlike today, TGI Friday's proved to be a very hot spot for people seeking a "fun night on the town". I chose this podcast because i found it hard to comprehend that TGI friday's (a place i thought of as family friendly) was the Tinder of the 1960's.

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🔊 Listen Now: TGI Fridays: The Tinder of the 1960s

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You wouldn't know it from the tired decor at TGI Fridays today, but this family restaurant has a sexy past. It was once a game-changing singles bar, which ar...

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Alice Cooper, Opinions on Chance the Rapper & Deafheaven

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Alice Cooper, Opinions on Chance the Rapper & Deafheaven

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This podcast goes into conversation about how musicians such as Chance the Rapper and the band Deafheaven develop their own voice, sound, and opinions through the music they make. I think this is very interesting because a lot of the time people listen to songs and artists, but don't think about what messages the songs are trying to convey, Chance the Rapper writes his lyrics about personal experiences and societal issues; however, Deafheaven is a metal band that tends to write their songs about love and hate between humans. I think these are the aspects that turn good musicians into great ones.

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Sound Opinions, the world's only rock and roll talkshow; now to go. Hosted by Jim DeRogatis of the Chicago Sun-Times and Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune. Each week Jim and Greg bring you the latest music news and reviews. Plus tune in to hear exclusive interviews and performances.

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Asian-Americans Talk About Racism, And We Listen - Part 1

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Asian-Americans Talk About Racism, And We Listen - Part 1

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This podcast explains modern racism towards Asian-Americans. This topic is interesting to me because my mom's side of the family is Japanese and has experienced similar situations discussed in the podcast.

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🔊 Listen Now: Asian-Americans Talk About Racism, and We Listen - Part 1

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This week and next, we're doing something different. After witnessing an awful instance of anti-Asian racism at a movie theater, we couldn't stop thinking ab...

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Your Hidden Personality: Worklife with Adam Grantr

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Your Hidden Personality: Worklife with Adam Grantr

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In this podcast Adam Grant talks with "Quiet" author Susan Cain about personality and being an introvert and extrovert. It talks about how at some workplaces there is  a thing called personality training in which you get to discover what your traits are. I chose this podcast because I read "Quiet" last summer for a summer assignment and wanted to listen to what else the author had to say about this topic.
https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/worklife-with-adam-grant/id1346314086?mt=2&i=1000407037714#

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The Shortest Longest Time: Welcome Home! Meet the Mongoose

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The Shortest Longest Time: Welcome Home! Meet the Mongoose

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This podcast describes the life of a child from Korea who was adopted into a family who lives in Hawaii. The podcast also furthers the lifestyle of the child's relationship with her mother and the internal struggles that she felt when growing up.

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We and our partners use cookies to personalize your experience, to show you ads based on your interests, and for measurement and analytics purposes. By using our website and our services, you agree to our use of cookies as described in our Cookie Policy.

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Listen to this episode from The Longest Shortest Time on Spotify. When 9-year-old Meera was adopted from Korea, there were lots of new things that would take some getting used to... starting with her new mom's exotic pet. To join the conversation, go to longestshortesttime.com! Sign up for our newsletter.

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Astronomy Cast's 498th episode is all about the discovery and research of dwarf galaxies. I felt that in the brief 29 minutes that the podcast went on, I learned a lot about a subject that I knew nothing of previously. While such complex topics can become dull after an extended amount of time, I believe that the hosts of the show do a great job of keeping it interesting and exciting.

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This podcast talks about how depression is a family affair, it shows that children with depression who were being treated have parents who are also in better moods versus untreated children and their parents who are both experiencing side effects of depression together.

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An estimated 12.8 percent of adolescents in the U.S. experience at least one episode of major depression, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. According to previous studies, many of those teens' mental health is linked to depression in their parents.

But new research suggests there's a flipside to that parental effect: When teens are treated for depression, their parents' mental health improves, too.

We tend to think of depression as affecting individuals. But Myrna Weissman, a psychiatry professor at Columbia University, says, "Depression is a family affair."

Weissman has studied depression in families for years. "We know that there's high rates of depression in the offspring of depressed mothers," she says.

And her previous work has shown that when mothers are treated for depression, their children feel better as well.

Those findings led another researcher, Kelsey Howard, to wonder whether the opposite is true - if kids get better, do the parents then feel better?

To answer her question, Howard, a graduate student at Northwestern University's Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and her adviser, Mark Reinecke, analyzed data from a 2008 study that followed more than 300 teenagers getting treatment for depression over the course of about nine months - either through counseling, medication or both.

Before and during the course of that study, the researchers also surveyed one parent of each teenager for symptoms of depression. The data showed that before the kids started treatment, about a quarter of parents were experiencing high levels of depression, says Howard, who presented her results at the American Psychological Association's annual conference in San Francisco on Saturday.

"We found that parental depression symptoms improved over the course of the study," she says. She found that this improvement was associated with the children themselves feeling better over time.

Howard, says the results make sense.

"We're social creatures," she says. "We exist in families, we exist in social networks. And a lot of our well-being, a lot of our highs and lows might come from these relationships."

When a parent sees their child struggle, it might affect their mood; when the child feels better, their spirits lift as well. Improvement in the child's mental health might also improve communication between parent and child, which might also help improve the parents' depression.

The findings may help health care providers deal with the high rates of depression and suicidal thoughts among teenagers, notes Howard.

Judy Garber, a Vanderbilt University psychology professor who wasn't involved in the new study, cautions that the findings don't prove that changes in parents' mental health is a direct effect of improvement in the children. There may be other confounding factors at play that this study didn't investigate, she notes.

Still, she says the results are encouraging. "It's very promising that there are changes in parents' depression when the kids are getting better. I think that's great."

Garber says the results can serve as a reminder for parents to take their own mental health seriously, especially if their child is struggling.

"If your child is having depression or other kinds of problems, I would certainly think that the parents might examine their own mental state and see if there's anything going on for them that they might need some help with as well," she says.

Because help for one family member could help others, too.

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Treating Teen Depression Might Improve Mental Health Of Parents, Too

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An estimated 12.8 percent of adolescents in the U.S. experience at least one episode of major depression, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. According to previous studies, many of those teens' mental health is linked to depression in their parents.

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Night Vale is a news type radio show that takes place deep in the desert- almost like a darker version of the Tri-Cities! It reminds me a bit of the show Gravity Falls. The bit about the strange lights hovering over the Arby’s made me laugh because Arby’s is my favorite fast food restaurant.  From the dog park with no dogs to the sheriff’s secret police, the incredulous reportings of this strange town never fail to amuse or draw the imagination out.

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iTunes is the world's easiest way to organize and add to your digital media collection.

We are unable to find iTunes on your computer. To download and subscribe to Welcome to Night Vale by Night Vale Presents, get iTunes now.

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By Night Vale Presents

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Description

Twice-monthly community updates for the small desert town of Night Vale, where every conspiracy theory is true. Turn on your radio and hide. Never listened before? It's an ongoing radio show. Start with the current episode, and you'll catch on in no time. Or, go right to Episode 1 if you wanna binge-listen.

Name

Description

Price

Customer Reviews

Fun and creepy

by Planet Ukulele

Imagine the news from Lake Wobegon as seen through the eyes of Stephen King. This funny, entertaining podcast describes the strange events in the community of Night Vale in a wonderful, calm, matter of fact tone, as if every town has dark hooded figures in its dog park. I recommend listening to this late at night with the lights out and imagine you are a citizen of Night Vale listening to a local radio station. But remember, whatever you do, don't go near the dog park.

Awesome!

by GEWQK

Incredibly original, just creepy enough and filled with enough black humor to blot out the unruly sun of Night Vale itself. I had a great time listening to the podcast on my way to work yesterday and I suggest you take the time to check it out. At just over 20 minutes, you can fit it into your day easily, however, you may find yourself spending the rest of the day thinking about Carlos the Beautiful Scientist, the... dog... park, or how being eaten by a snake really would be a very symmetrical death. Overall, a very promising start with great production, very original characters and a ton of potential for the future.

Love!

by Ladybash

I love Welcome to Night Vale! It is such a funny and interesting take on the medium of comedy podcasts. The writing in bizarrely funny and it pairs perfectly with the richness and tone of the voice of Night Vale. Can't wait until the next episode!

Listeners also subscribed to

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Welcome to Night Vale by Night Vale Presents on Apple Podcasts

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We are unable to find iTunes on your computer. To download and subscribe to Welcome to Night Vale by Night Vale Presents, get iTunes now. Already have iTunes? Click I Have iTunes to open it now. By Night Vale Presents To listen to an audio podcast, mouse over the title and click Play.

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I believe creativity is the only way to drive true progress. Hidden Brain is a great podcast and in this episode Shankar Vedantam explains how diversity and the understanding of other cultures can drive creativity. Even though we are more comfortable with similar people, I found it interesting that some of our best work can come when working with people with whom we aren't comfortable. One of the reasons the USA is a frontier of discovery and success is that the diversity we have drives out innovation. At a time when the country is divided I thought this podcast was appropriate. It teaches us that understanding those who don't hold the same beliefs as us, regardless of the beliefs, spurs thought and creativity.

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subscribe to Hidden Brain podcast

subscribe to Hidden Brain podcast

There is great comfort in the familiar. It's one reason humans often flock to other people who share the same interests, laugh at the same jokes, hold the same political views. But familiar ground may not be the best place to cultivate creativity.

Social scientist Adam Galinsky has found that people who have deep relationships with someone from another country become more creative and score higher on routine creativity tests.

"There's something about deeply understanding and learning about another culture that's transformative," Adam says.

In one study, Adam and his colleagues tracked business school students during a 10-month MBA program. They tested the students using standard creativity measures at the beginning and end of the school term. They found that students who'd dated someone from another country during the term became more creative. In another study, Adam found that even the simple act of reflecting on one's deep relationship with a person from another country caused a temporary boost in creativity.

Adam's research outside the lab echoes these findings. In one of Adam's favorite projects, he looked at fashion lines presented by major fashion houses over 21 seasons. He found that the time fashion designers spent immersed in a different culture "predicted their entire fashion line creativity."

This week on Hidden Brain, we look at the powerful connection between the ideas we dream up and the people who surround us, and what it really takes to think outside the box.

Additional Resources:

Adam Galinsky is a professor of business at Columbia Business School. In addition to his research on diversity and creativity, he's co-author of the book Friend and Foe, which offers new ways of thinking about conflict and cooperation.

Harvard economics professor Richard Freeman has an interesting study on diversity in science. He found that published scientific research receives greater attention if the authors are ethnically diverse.

Cristina Pato is a Galician bagpiper, pianist and composer. Here she is performing at NPR in 2013.

Special thanks to Soundcheck/WNYC for their recording of "Vojo" used in this episode.

Hidden Brain is hosted by Shankar Vedantam and produced by Rhaina Cohen, Parth Shah, Jennifer Schmidt, Thomas Lu, Laura Kwerel, and Adhiti Bandlamudi. Our supervising producer is Tara Boyle. You can also follow us on Twitter @hiddenbrain.

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There is great comfort in the familiar. It's one reason humans often flock to other people who share the same interests, laugh at the same jokes, hold the same political views. But familiar ground may not be the best place to cultivate creativity.

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Sheologians: The Curious Case of Benjaman Kyle

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Sheologians: The Curious Case of Benjaman Kyle

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This episode blew my mind!  Follow the lost story of “Benjaman Kyle” after he wakes up behind a Burger King dumpster and can’t remember who he is or where he came from.

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This podcast really opened my eyes to the difficulties that disabled people experience. Just because a place is legally handicap accessible doesn't mean that it is accessible by the standards of the handicaped. Another difficulty, is that people see the word disability to mean useless. Disabilities might limit a person's capabilities, but they definitely do not make a person useless. Even if all someone can do it talk, they can still make a difference in the world, and that is something that is important to recognize.

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Go on an adventure into unexpected corners of the health and science world each week with award-winning host Maiken Scott. The Pulse takes you behind the doors of operating rooms, into the lab with some of the world's foremost scientists, and back in time to explore life-changing innovations.

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The KindaNeat podcast consists of honest backstories and fresh artists. This podcast is generally known for putting different types of artists in a comfortable environment in order to give these musicians a truthful and improvised interview. In this episode of KindaNeat, upcoming music artist Omar Apollo explains about how his average curiosity for music has led him to be a multi-instrumental self- produced musician. This self-proclaimed artist, originally designated from Chicano, Indiana, elaborates how his knowledge in music thrived due to the popular website, YouTube.

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Omar Apollo talks growing up Chicano in Indiana, learning to be a musician in the last 2 years via YouTube tutorials, and growing up a Kinda Neat fan (awww shucks)

Omar Apollo surprised me in a lot of ways. Beside dad issues, an ongoing personal theme of this show has been "people will surprise you." It ties into plenty of old adages, but we tend to paint a picture of who a person is before we meet them. Every time I do this, I come to find out I'm completely wrong in my assumptions. With Omar 's dreamy vocals, purposefully polished lo-fi aesthetic, and multi-instrumental self-produced musicianship, I made the assumption he might be an "industry plant." I thought he'd come in to the studio dressed to the nines with a small entourage of label execs. Nope. People will surprise you.

Turns out Omar is a really fucking normal 21 year old with an above average curiosity for music. I say that because until 2 years ago he claims to not have had any outstanding musical talent. He wanted to impress his dad so he started taking vocal lessons...on YouTube! It was via that glorious site he learned to play the guitar, make beats, and produce his own records. So what are you doing with your time on YouTube?

Needless to say the last two years have been fruitful. His recent Stereo EP is receiving good reviews and garnering him a strong fanbase. His numbers are on the rise, and this summer he'll be playing shows and touring with heavy hitters. So he's definitely a name to watch. Beyond that he gave me a little bit of personal flattery because he and his team have been actual KN fans since our humble beginnings in 2013. They even cracked a few jokes about past guests that only true viewers would've gotten.

Tune in for a conversation that swayed more towards goofiness and good times than anything too serious. We talk about growing up in Indiana, his immigrant family, and his lack of media training.

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Omar Apollo surprised me in a lot of ways. Beside dad issues, an ongoing personal theme of this show has been "people will surprise you." It ties into plenty of old adages, but we tend to paint a picture of who a person is before we meet them.

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Science Friday - Chasing Whales Through Time

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Science Friday - Chasing Whales Through Time

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This podcast was about the evolutionary path that whales had to take to become sea dwelling mammals. All mammals have their roots on land, so this podcast explores how and why these huge and interesting creatures - whose closest modern relative is the hippo - chose to become sea creatures. While I don't really enjoy podcasts, as i feel they are just half-finished unrehearsed videos, this was a very interesting listen.

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What's the evolutionary story of how whales came to be the majestic, awe-inspiring animals we know today? Plus, some book picks for your summer science reading.

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This podcast is about an 18 year old girl, Hae, who was apparently murdered by her boyfriend, Adnan after they broke up. It is still mysterious as to why Adnan decided to murder his girlfriend. They were really good togetehr and their friends couldn’t find a single reason as to why Adnan did what he did. Hae even kept a diary where she wrote about all their love stories and moments. Their parents knew nothing about their relationship, they kept it a secret from them.  Hae and Adnan really understood eachother because both their parents are immigrants who have high expectations. ( doing very well in school, etc) So for Adnan, being with Hae meant he was violating his religion and lying to his parents all just to be with her. Which makes it even more harder to find a reason as to why he killed her. This situation is still a mystery...
https://serialpodcast.org/season-one/2/the-breakup

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BBC Global News Podcast: Trump can now Reshape Supreme Court

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BBC Global News Podcast: Trump can now Reshape Supreme Court

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I do my best to stay caught up with national and global news, so this podcast caught my interest; each episode briefly discusses several different global news topics. This episode includes information and opinions on Anthony Kennedy’s plan to retire, Terry Crews’ conversation about sexual assault, the Philippines’ controversial war on drugs, and the then-ongoing World Cup. This podcast doesn’t go into great detail on each topic, but I appreciate that it covers a broad range of news updates and issues.

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Trump can now Reshape Supreme Court, Global News Podcast - BBC World Service

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Justice Anthony Kennedy is to retire, allowing Trump to influence the Court's composition

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Hosts Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner discuss the military through the eyes of leftists, why they became socialists, and the brutality of US foreign policy on foreign countries. I personally enjoyed this podcast because it really delves into the politics of the military and the many atrocities some in the military might face, which was completely unkown to me.

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Debut Episode w/ Spenser Rapone & Mike Prysner by Eyes Left Podcast

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In this debut episode of Eyes Left, hosts Spenser Rapone and Mike Prysner discuss the vision and goal of the podcast, how their experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan led them to become socialists, and why US troops should resist U.S. foreign policy.

Support this project at Patreon.com/EyesLeft
Follow us on Twitter twitter.com/EyesLeftPod
and Instagram instagram.com/EyesLeftPod

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I recently tore my ACL in the last 10 seconds of a basketball game so you can imagine my interest coming across this podcast on ACL injuries in professional basketball. The podcast explores the causes of the ACL tear , at first with no proof that the causes include the fatigue of players or the compressed season . However with further studies the podcast concluded that the ACL injuries do correlate with how tired you are and how much you play. The study found that the five minutes of playing time where players are most likely to tear their ACL comes between the 33rd and 39th minutes in a 48 minute game. With this knowledge, I can agree with the final conclusion having torn mine in the precious last seconds of the game. It raises the question that if players had more breaks and were'nt played as much could some of these injuries be prevented?

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On our road trips, we like to listen to podcasts because most of the time the radio doesn’t work. My parents pick the podcasts, but my favorite of them is a series by Mike Rowe called “The Way I heard It”. Once you get past the ad for the sponsor, these podcasts are short, sweet and always have a surprising end. In this episode, Mike dives into the story of Miss Mariam how she was indeed a very lucky lady.

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The Way I Heard It with Mike Rowe: Episode 97: A Very Lucky Lady

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No doubt about it - Miriam's timing was impeccable.

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In this podcast episode, Shankar Vedantam explores social scientist Adam Galinsky's findings that people who form deep relationships with those from other cultures are more likely to be more creative than those who don’t. Throughout the podcast Vedantam sifts through a number of studies and research to back up Galinsky’s findings. His examples range from scientific research papers with coauthors of the same and different ethnicities, to a bassoon player and how meeting musicians from different traditions helped her expand and enrich her music, to fashion designers and how where they have been affect the creativity of their designs, and finally to relationships and how those who dated someone from a different culture show signs of increased creativity. All these findings point toward one claim: that the levels of diversity one has experienced play a significant role in their levels of creativity.

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subscribe to Hidden Brain podcast

subscribe to Hidden Brain podcast

There is great comfort in the familiar. It's one reason humans often flock to other people who share the same interests, laugh at the same jokes, hold the same political views. But familiar ground may not be the best place to cultivate creativity.

Social scientist Adam Galinsky has found that people who have deep relationships with someone from another country become more creative and score higher on routine creativity tests.

"There's something about deeply understanding and learning about another culture that's transformative," Adam says.

In one study, Adam and his colleagues tracked business school students during a 10-month MBA program. They tested the students using standard creativity measures at the beginning and end of the school term. They found that students who'd dated someone from another country during the term became more creative. In another study, Adam found that even the simple act of reflecting on one's deep relationship with a person from another country caused a temporary boost in creativity.

Adam's research outside the lab echoes these findings. In one of Adam's favorite projects, he looked at fashion lines presented by major fashion houses over 21 seasons. He found that the time fashion designers spent immersed in a different culture "predicted their entire fashion line creativity."

This week on Hidden Brain, we look at the powerful connection between the ideas we dream up and the people who surround us, and what it really takes to think outside the box.

Additional Resources:

Adam Galinsky is a professor of business at Columbia Business School. In addition to his research on diversity and creativity, he's co-author of the book Friend and Foe, which offers new ways of thinking about conflict and cooperation.

Harvard economics professor Richard Freeman has an interesting study on diversity in science. He found that published scientific research receives greater attention if the authors are ethnically diverse.

Cristina Pato is a Galician bagpiper, pianist and composer. Here she is performing at NPR in 2013.

Special thanks to Soundcheck/WNYC for their recording of "Vojo" used in this episode.

Hidden Brain is hosted by Shankar Vedantam and produced by Rhaina Cohen, Parth Shah, Jennifer Schmidt, Thomas Lu, Laura Kwerel, and Adhiti Bandlamudi. Our supervising producer is Tara Boyle. You can also follow us on Twitter @hiddenbrain.

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There is great comfort in the familiar. It's one reason humans often flock to other people who share the same interests, laugh at the same jokes, hold the same political views. But familiar ground may not be the best place to cultivate creativity.

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Interfaith Voices: Forgiveness in the #MeToo Era

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Interfaith Voices: Forgiveness in the #MeToo Era

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Through interviews with women with painful stories and snippets of community-offered insights on the meaning of forgiveness, this episode ends up giving some good answers to questions like “If I forgive the person who wronged me, isn’t that the same as giving them permission to do it again, or to someone else?”, “My religion demands that I forgive in order to find peace, but my pain feels diminished and even unacknowledged by my family, my leaders, and my God. How can this be right?”, “What does it mean to forgive?”, and “Is forgiveness really an example of strength?” After listening you might wonder why I’d post a story that’s pretty negative towards my church, but I think it’s important to remember that beliefs and culture are related but separate. The end goal of the #MeToo movement is to change culture, and I agree that some things need to change.

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church of jesus christ of latter-day saints

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Many faith traditions emphasize the importance of being able to forgive. But in the context of the #MeToo movement, can forgiveness silence women who have been abused or harassed?

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Many faith traditions emphasize the importance of being able to forgive. But in the context of the #MeToo movement, can forgiveness silence women who have been abused or harassed?

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In this episode of The Politics Of Everything, Rebecca Coomes discusses the importance of healthy bacteria management in the gut, especially for those suffering from SIBO(small intestine bacterial overgrowth). Coomes dives into the different aspects of treating such a disease, such as how to eat( she has published the world's only SIBO cookbooks), the dangers of blind use of probiotics and much more in this appearance of The Politics Of Everything.
https://open.spotify.com/episode/5PAc1YyYd9wlGsP6434BOD?si=Hw0QdEZpSIGMVNkNedDE-w

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In this podcast episode, BBC discusses the possibilities of artificial intelligence. They go from reviewing historical automatons to predicting whether or not machines could one day gain consciousness. I found this very interesting because as the years progress, more and more robots are being developed and produced. It truly makes me wonder whether machines will learn to adapt to the information surrounding them so much that they do gain a sense of consciousness. Will we eventually be living amongst AI machines? Who knows! (P.S. shoutout to Mrs. Smith for the lowkey duedate extension. You are the best) I hope the link works!

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In Our Time: Science by BBC on Apple Podcasts

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of In Our Time: Science by BBC for free.

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This TedTalk discusses the neurological science believed to be linked with Improvisation and memorisation. Myself being a Jazz Musician, I find these studies really intriguing and important to coming to a better understanding about our brains and the capacity for human creativity.

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Musician and researcher Charles Limb wondered how the brain works during musical improvisation -- so he put jazz musicians and rappers in an fMRI to find out. What he and his team found has deep implications for our understanding of creativity of all kinds.

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This podcast explores the idea that society would be better off and actually function better without any form of government, also known as anarchism. This podcast intrigued me because I had never really learned about the concept of anarchism, so it was interesting to learn about a subject I didn’t have any previous knowledge of.

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Stuff You Should Know by HowStuffWorks on Apple Podcasts

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of Stuff You Should Know by HowStuffWorks for free.

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JARCAST Ep. 64: Getting Political *TRIGGER WARNING*

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JARCAST Ep. 64: Getting Political *TRIGGER WARNING*

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MAJOR TRIGGER WARNING: This entire podcast is potentially very offensive, do not even consider it if you consider yourself to be of a religious bent. I've spent a lot of time as of yet looking for a podcast to put on here, and I can say without a doubt, this is the one most deserving of my personal pick. It's loud, obnoxious, offensive, rather foulmouthed, and it has something to say. Well, in this particular episode at least. JARCAST is a podcast run by four college age boys from the UK and normally just acts as a "funny random haha" podcast, but this particular episode stands out to me as it discusses issues relating to religion and (less importantly to us) British politics, as this episode aired around the time of the Brexit ordeal. Of course, around the 45 minute mark, our hosts go on a bit of a tangent doing an improvisational roleplay requested by the community, but nonetheless, the episode as a whole dives into topics not often explored so openly in the media. The hosts raise what are in my opinion legitimate qualms with organized religion and faith as whole, and they are not afraid to say what they mean. As was forewarned though, this video and this series contain vast quantities of offensive language and potentially offensive viewpoints. Not for innocent ears. I apologize in advance if this is a bit too much and will gladly take it down immediately if it is, but I just knew when I listened to this that this was the one I had to put up.

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CGP Grey and Brady Haran unite for a comedic discussion on the beauty of hot-stoppers as well as the void that is the YouTube comment section. The main course of the discussion explores the pitfalls of self-checkout in stores and the advent of a new phenomenon: Fruitbooting. The hosts conclude with a review of Solo: A Star Wars Story

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The School of Greatness: Understanding Human Psychology from the Masters

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The School of Greatness: Understanding Human Psychology from the Masters

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This episode of the podcast talks about how IQ testing isn't everything. People all have diffrent personalities and backgrounds and one test can't define their intellegence. It talks about the diffrent personalities of humans and their strengths and weaknesses. Knowing and making sense of different personalities grows compassion and understanding of others

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EP 656 Understanding Human Psychology from the Masters by Lewis Howes

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“When people know their tendencies, they see themselves more clearly” - Gretchen Rubin

If you enjoyed this episode, check out the video, show notes, and more at http://www.lewishowes.com/greatness

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Arming the Donkeys: "Playing by the Rules"

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Arming the Donkeys: "Playing by the Rules"

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Dan Ariely's Arming the Donkeys podcast talks about the reasons for human irrationality. In this episode, he talks to political scientist Mike Munger about how groups come together and decide on rules to govern them without knowledge of how they will apply in the future. They also talk about why people follow rules, even when the rules are irrational, and why people choose to stay in groups with rules that they disagree with. This episode sparks thought about each person's and society's relationship with the rules.

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The hosts investigate a company that is at the front of a movement that encourages people to "Wake Up Now". This podcast encouraged me to examine my own life and he reasons I do what I do. Not only was I considering my own life, I was also looking at the problem from a wide perspective. As a group of people living relatively well-off in the United States, this podcast made me consider why we place importance on the things we do.

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This podcast gave me insight into the downsides that some people experience when they attend programming boot camps to first learn how to code. Zed A. Shaw, the author of the book Learn Python The Hard Way, describes the hard truth of what most programming boot camps are. They often falsify statistics to make them look more appealing, hire unqualified staff members, and overwork their students. Many of the people that attend these bootcamps leave their hometowns to work 8 hours a day on programming for 3 months and leave without the skills needed to find a job in programming. Shaw believes that working for 4 hours a day for a longer period of time will allow students to become proficient in several languages and be able to learn new languages on their own. This podcast teaches you that although you might now like it, the most effective skills we learn are gained the hard way.

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Zed A. Shaw, developer and author of the Learn the Hard Way series, talks to us about how to learn to code, his own approach to learning a new programming language, and why he's not a fan of programming bootcamps. He also answers a few questions from the CodeNewbie community, including what the A in his name stands for.

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This podcast takes a look into the downward trend of teen employment. Teen employment rates are significantly lower now than they have been in past decades, and this podcast takes a moment to analyze why and what the effects may be. As a teen worker, I found it interesting to listen to statistics that related to my current situation. I would recommend this podcast to anyone who is interested in economics!

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This Casefile True Crime episode breaks down the disappearance of 18 year old Thomas Brown. He was out late the night before Thanksgiving 2016 with two friends and never made it home. I found this podcast extremely interesting and easy to listen to, as it always kept the story moving along and never let it lag on one specific moment of the case. The narrator discusses many different parts of the investigation, including interviews, evidence, and statements from those working on the ongoing case. I would recommend this podcast to anyone who enjoys true crime documentaries or TV shows.

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Case 85: Tom Brown - Casefile True Crime

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Case 85: Tom Brown. Listen online to podcast Casefile True Crime.

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"I Found My Birth Mother. It idn't Rock My Life - And That's OK."

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"I Found My Birth Mother. It idn't Rock My Life - And That's OK."

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This podcast shares Ashley Westerman's experience when she meets her biological mother. Westerman has not seen her birth mother since she was ten months old - and that was thirty years ago. In her story, she points out some of the expectations, worries, and fears of exploring one's background as an adopted child. This podcast caught my attention because it was the editor's pick of the week. Its title made it jump out to me over the rest.

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I don't know anyone who looks like me.

I used to stare at family photos and search my parents' faces for any hint of resemblance to mine.

But there is none. I'm adopted, and my white American parents with their German-English-Scottish-Irish ancestry do not have my almond-shaped brown eyes, high cheekbones, dark brown silky hair or typical flat, round Filipino nose.

I was born in 1988 in Valenzuela, a city in the Metro Manila area, the capital region of the Philippines. Sonya and Vernon Westerman adopted me from a nearby orphanage 10 months later, and I moved to their home in rural western Kentucky, halfway around the world. They had wanted children but had trouble conceiving for years. They decided to adopt from the Philippines, in part because there were already three adopted Filipinos in my extended family. It was the late 1980s, and international adoptions into the U.S. were on a decades-long rise.

Two years after my adoption, their first biological son, my brother John Paul, was born, and two years after that, my brother Eric.

Eric takes after my mom's side. John looks like my dad. For them, looking at our parents was like instant proof of where they came from. I was about 8 when I decided I wanted that, too. Maybe if I found my birth mom, I would finally be able to see my face in someone else's.

Some years later, I set my sights on 30 as the age I would search for my birth mother. I imagined I'd be mature enough to handle what has been billed just about everywhere - in movies, books and news stories - as a huge life-changing event.

But what happens when it's not?
'Filling that void'
I knew the background of my adoption - or at least the story told to my family by the nuns at the Heart of Mary Villa, a home for unwed mothers and the orphanage I was adopted from. HMV said my birth mother was young and poor when she got pregnant so she decided to relinquish me so I could have a chance at a better life. I also had adoption papers with her name, the hospital where I was born and her last-known address.

When I was about 12, I tried to use that information to find her on the Internet. I stumbled across a woman in a chatroom who claimed to be from Manila - a city of almost 2 million people. My mom caught me and wisely shut down my covert operation. My parents have always been supportive of my search for my birth mother, but that day, my mom and I had a long conversation about the right way to go about it and why I should wait until I was older.

Part of the reason I wanted to find my birth mother was to get answers to basic questions like "where do I come from?" and "why was I put up for adoption?"

Another reason: FOMO, or fear of missing out. Around the mid-2000s, I started to see more and more stories about international adoptees in the U.S. searching for their birth parents. There aren't hard numbers on who is searching and how many, but many adoption agencies in the U.S. confirm that they've seen an uptick in international adoptees searching for their biological parents over the last decade or so.

Adoption experts say that is the result of a few things.

First, more international adoptees than ever are cresting into adulthood. Beginning in the 1950s, the number of children adopted internationally into the U.S. has generally increased. The numbers peaked in 2004, when almost 23,000 babies were adopted from overseas, according to the U.S. State Department. They've dropped precipitously since - down almost 80 percent since the mid-2000s - primarily because three countries clamped down on their international adoptions. Many experts also argue that rising costs and policies put in place over the years meant to regulate international adoptions actually make the process more cumbersome.

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Do-it-yourself genetics tests, the Internet and social media have helped facilitate adoptees' searches. There are whole communities online dedicated to sharing experiences about being adopted and adoptees finding their birth parents. Adoptees are also using Facebook to both find relatives and join groups to talk about their searches. I've joined a handful of these Facebook groups, but I've tried to take these stories with a grain of salt because every adoptee's situation is different.
A connection is made
Years ago, a search could take months, but better record keeping and information sharing on the Internet has made it easier to find people around the globe.

At the start of 2018, the year I turned 30, I emailed my orphanage and asked for help finding my birth mother. I exchanged messages a few times with a nun, who sent me this about two weeks later:
When are you coming to Heart of Mary Villa? Kindly send me your latest photo. May I ask what do you want to know about your birth mother?
I froze. What DID I want to know about my birth mother?

I had never been asked this so directly before. For years, the questions always just swirled in my head. Did I want to know where she was from? What her life was like before and after me? Or would I rather know if we have any mannerisms or personality traits in common? Or did all I really want to know is whether or not we look alike?

My reporter instincts kicked in. I replied:
I suppose I want to know about her, her life and what her life has been like these last 30 years. I am a journalist after all; I'm sure I'll have lots of questions but in time. At first I just want to know who she is as a person.
The next day, a nun wrote to say she had located her:
I found her on Facebook. But her last entry was in 2014. I saw in our record that she went back to her home town after she left HMV. I happened that I have a friend in that place so I asked help from her and finally she was able to find her niece who gave me her mobile phone number.
Then, she sent a message with a photo of her.

Before clicking it open, my heart raced. Would the face staring back be a comfort - or a stranger's?

I clicked.

My heart sank.

I scanned for my face in hers, but I didn't see it. I didn't recognize her.

I panicked. What do I do? Is this even the right woman? Do I go through with meeting her?

Maybe the photo is a bad angle or something, I thought. Perhaps we'd look more alike in person.
'Expect nothing'
A few weeks later, I was on a plane heading halfway around the world to meet her.

Walking up the long driveway to HMV's main house, I was anxious. My nerves, mixed with the intense humidity of the Philippines in February, made the trek torturous.

I approached the entrance and was greeted warmly by Sister Lea Comia, one of the nuns who helped find my birth mother. She showed me to a room with cream-colored walls and green trim. There was a large wooden table with a cluster of chairs in the middle. A fan blew quietly in the corner.

It was here, she said, where the reunions happen.

Sister Lea and I sat and chatted about my birth mother, Lucita Timbal Picana, who is 52. She is from Bohol, a tiny, turtle-shaped island in the middle of the country.

When she got pregnant with me, Lucita was 22. She didn't tell her anyone in her family. Eighty percent of the Philippines is Catholic, and the stigma associated with getting pregnant out of wedlock - especially 30 years ago - causes many women to place their children with adoption agencies to avoid bringing shame to themselves and their families.

Lucita, Sister Lea said, had always wanted to make contact with me but had been waiting for me to reach out first.

She had advice for me about my reunion. "Expect nothing," she told me. "Keep an open heart and an open mind."

Then she left to go fetch Lucita.

The moment right before an adoptee meets her birth mom is a heavy one. And I felt every ounce of its weight. What started as a curiosity as a child was just about to become a reality.

Her big, deep-set brown eyes glistened with tears when she walked in the room, and she had a shy, almost uneasy, smile - like she was unsure how I would react when I saw her. For a moment, we hesitated, and then she reached to hug me. We hugged for a long time, and Lucita sobbed loudly as tears silently streamed down my face.

Facing each other, at long last, I scanned her face.

But it wasn't one I recognized. I did not see my face in hers.

And, frankly, I felt really let down.

I tried not to show it. I handed her a photo album I'd made for her of my life, and we flipped through its pages. We started to catch up on the last 30 years, with Sister Lea translating from English to Tagalog and back.

But language wasn't the only barrier to connecting. Lucita couldn't truly understand my life growing up in the U.S. and its nuances, like the uneasiness I always felt being not just an adopted person but also a person of color brought up in a majority-white rural community. Nor could she relate to the racism and discrimination I've experienced through life - or the struggles I face now as a woman of color in the professional world.

And in turn, I really couldn't wrap my head around her life.

Lucita grew up very poor and didn't go to school past sixth grade. She spent decades as a domestic worker. She is married now and lives in a town by the sea with her husband, a fisherman, and their four children, my half siblings. One of them, her 12-year-old daughter, Nicole, looks a little bit like I did at that age. And knowing this gives me a little comfort.

She told me she was worried I would be angry with her for giving me up.

"She's thankful to God that you are successful and that you've had a good life," Sister Lea said, translating for Lucita.

"I have," I answered. "I have had a really good life and you did the right thing - and I'm not mad about it."

Then I watched as 30 years of guilt and sadness melted away. Her eyes instantly brightened and a wide smile broke out onto her face through her tear-stained cheeks. [Listen to the radio story that captures the moment Ashley Westerman and her birth mother met.]

For Lucita, it was obvious our reunion was also long awaited.

For my part, while the reunion was also highly anticipated, I don't feel like my life drastically changed. I realized Lucita and I didn't have much in common other than our DNA, and we've talked very little since we met. In fact, a lot of the time I was meeting with Lucita, I was yearning to be near my parents back in Kentucky. I think there's a lot of pressure on adoptees when it comes to reuniting with birth parents - like we're suddenly supposed to have all the answers because that's why we search in the first place, right?

I got some answers, but overall, my journey to find my birth mother felt a little anticlimactic - and that's OK. There's no blueprint for how reuniting with one's birth parents is supposed to go.

A common mantra in the international adoption community in the U.S. is that everyone has their own adoption story. I assume everyone has a unique reunion with their biological parent, too. I've accepted that this is my story.

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I Found My Birth Mother. It Didn't Rock My Life - And That's OK

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I don't know anyone who looks like me. I used to stare at family photos and search my parents' faces for any hint of resemblance to mine. But there is none. I'm adopted, and my white American parents with their German-English-Scottish-Irish ancestry do not have my almond-shaped brown eyes, high cheekbones, dark brown silky hair or typical flat, round Filipino nose.

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In episode 314 of How To be Awesome at Your Job, Pete Mockaitis interviews Laura Vanderkam about her strategies for feeling less busy while doing more work. This podcast was very interesting to me because I have a hard time managing time so this seemed helpful. In my his podcast Vanderkam talks about time perception and how it effects your thoughts and emotions. People who think they have a lot of time end up being happier and stress free, while people who think they don’t have enough time fell stressed and busy. She also talks about how each person has 3 selfs: an anticipating self an experiencing self and a remembering self. Each of these should have an equal amount of time in our everyday lives, but to many people don’t let all their selfs decide their actions. This podcast taught me a lot about time management and how it isn’t not that hard when you actually put your mind to it.

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how to be awesome at your job: a podcast for people who love learning improvement tools for happier work

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pete mockaitis questions an expert (e.g. coach

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How to Be Awesome at Your Job: A Podcast for People who Love Learning Improvement Tools for Happier Work, Career & Achieving by Pete Mockaitis questions an expert (e.g. coach, professional, manager) on growing your brain, results, promotion, pay, fun, relationships on Apple Podcasts

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of How to Be Awesome at Your Job: A Podcast for People who Love Learning Improvement Tools for Happier Work, Career & Achieving by Pete Mockaitis questions an expert (e.g. coach, professional, manager) on growing your brain, results, promotion, pay, fun, relationships for free.

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This podcast is an amazing story about love, religion, heartbreak, mourning, and parenthood. It gave me chills and had me smiling one minute and crying the next. I'd highly recommend this podcast to someone interested in an amazing love story. The specific episode is called "Wouldn't it be nice"

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It's a new year, a time for hope or worry, for regrets or new plans, a time to count our blessings or pick up the pieces. Last year around this time, as 2016 was just beginning, Jared and Sharry in Utah were tremendously excited about the year ahead, but things did not work out as they'd hoped, to say the least.

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It's a new year, a time for hope or worry, for regrets or new plans, a time to count our blessings or pick up the pieces. Last year around this time, as 2016 was just beginning, Jared and Sharry in Utah were tremendously excited about the year ahead, but things did not work out as they'd hoped, to say the least.

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"When It Comes To Politics and 'Fake News,' Facts Aren't Enough"

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"When It Comes To Politics and 'Fake News,' Facts Aren't Enough"

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This podcast looks into our biases in perceiving and accepting information. It explains why people often reject objective fact and scientific evidence and instead cling to their beliefs, and that people are easily influenced by emotional arguments. This makes an important connection to the polarizing state of American politics in which a political group believes that its opposition is completely wrong. The ideas discussed in the podcast are interesting because we may consider ourselves to be open-minded but can still be extremely biased in how we digest contradictory information.

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subscribe to Hidden Brain podcast

In today's political climate, it sometimes feels like we can't even agree on basic facts. We bombard each other with stats and figures, hoping that more data will make a difference. A liberal might show you the same climate change graphs over and over; a conservative might point to the trillions of dollars of growing national debt. We're left wondering, "W hy can't they just see? It's so obvious!"

Certain myths are so pervasive that no matter how many experts disprove them, they only seem to grow in popularity. There's no shortage of peer-reviewed studies showing no link between autism and vaccines, for example, but these are no match for an emotional appeal to a parent worried for his young child.

Tali Sharot, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, studies how our minds work and how we process new information. In her book The Influential Mind, she explores why we ignore facts and how we can get people to actually listen to the truth.

Tali shows that we're open to new information - but only if it confirms our existing beliefs. We find ways to ignore facts that challenge our ideals. And as neuroscientist Bahador Bahrami and colleagues have found, we weigh all opinions as equally valid, regardless of expertise.

So how do we identify the experts, the people who have the correct answer about a given fact? Economist Drazen Prelec and colleagues recently published research that shows how to identify what they refer to as "the surprisingly popular vote" on a given topic.

Still, having the data on your side is not always enough. For better or for worse, Sharot says, emotions may be the key to changing minds.
Hidden Brain is hosted by Shankar Vedantam and produced by Maggie Penman, Jennifer Schmidt, Rhaina Cohen, Renee Klahr, and Parth Shah. Our supervising producer is Tara Boyle. You can follow us on Twitter @hiddenbrain, and listen for Hidden Brain stories each week on your local public radio station.
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

Tali tells us that fear is a powerful motivator for inaction, but positive feedback is a better motivator for action. She talks about in which health care workers were given positive feedback for washing their hands.

Tali talks about the ability of strong emotional appeals - and even some powerful speeches - to synchronize brain activity across listeners and between listeners and speakers.

Sometimes crowd wisdom fails us - but the "surprisingly popular vote" means that we can still learn the right answer to a question, even if most of the crowd is wrong.

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When It Comes To Politics and 'Fake News,' Facts Aren't Enough

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subscribe to Hidden Brain podcast In today's political climate, it sometimes feels like we can't even agree on basic facts. We bombard each other with stats and figures, hoping that more data will make a difference. A liberal might show you the same climate change graphs over and over; a conservative might point to the trillions of dollars of growing national debt.

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Stuff You Should KnowWhat is an invasive species?

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Stuff You Should KnowWhat is an invasive species?

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This podcast is great to expand your knowledge base on everything from weird history to exciting discoveries or the crazy animals living around us. The hosts are great and fun to listen to and you'll walk away knowing something you didn't before. In this episode, they explore the odd and famous cases of invasive species.

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Invasive species can mean a lot of things, from fungus to feral pigs and European starlings to kudzu vines. Basically, it's anything brought to a place, either by humans or nature, that didn't originate there. They aren't always a problem, but many times they can wreak havoc on the local ecosystem. Learn all about these invaders today.

If you dig the topic, read " How Invasive Species Work."

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Invasive species can mean a lot of things, from fungus to feral pigs and European starlings to kudzu vines. Basically, it's anything brought to a place, either by humans or nature, that didn't originate there. They aren't always a problem, but many times they can wreak havoc on the local ecosystem.

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Produce Yourself: "Sebastian Twardosz 10 Minutes To Prove You Can Direct" (S1 Episode 73)

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Produce Yourself: "Sebastian Twardosz 10 Minutes To Prove You Can Direct" (S1 Episode 73)

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Terence Michael is an Emmy-nominated Film and TV Producer, who has produced over 20 movies and 30 TV shows over the course of his career. Some of his most famous works include television shows such as "Planet Primetime" and "Duck Dynasty." In this episode, Michael interviews Sebastian Twardosz, a filmmaker and producer who has worked in the industry for the past 20 years. As a producer and a Cinematic Arts professor at USC, Twardosz explains that aspiring filmmakers only need 10 minutes to prove they have what it takes to direct. He disproves the belief that amateur filmmakers have to put out full-length feature films in order to get Hollywood's attention, by explaining that a solid script can be just as powerful. He also discusses how shorts can lead to feature length films and gives examples such as the successful "Saw" franchise, which ended up launching the careers of many aspiring actors and directors. Twardosz cites many useful resources for aspiring filmmakers and links some high quality short films he recommends watching. This is a really enjoyable podcast for anyone who is interested in a career in this kind of field or anyone who wants more insight on the industry.

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Produce Yourself by Terence Michael on Apple Podcasts

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of Produce Yourself by Terence Michael for free.

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“When the World is too Much” Duff the Psych (episode 115) 

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“When the World is too Much” Duff the Psych (episode 115) 

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I listened to a selfhelp podcast on what to do when recent news makes you anxious. A psychologist named Robert Duff explains that it is normal to feel overwhelmed by the horrible events that have taken place or will take place in the future. He shares a mindset with the listeners that allows them to cope with the problem without ignoring it completely. It shouldn’t be the most prominent thing in ones mind, and worrying about it can only make one feel worse. However, it is okay to take actions in order to help better the situation.
Duff also suggests not to turn to the news the first thing in the morning, or the first thing before bed. He explains why it is important to have times set apart for one to just enjoy life. It is normal to feel that you cannot enjoy your life if someone else has it worse than you. Fortunately, that is not the case. Robert Duff mentions that one shouldn’t feel guilty for having a good life. First, because it is not way to live; and second, because it does nothing to help others in need. The focus of our lives should not be based around all the things that go wrong. Robert Duff briefly mentioned his political opinion on what is going on in the world today regarding human rights. He used this as an example for a social stressor.
This podcast series does have some adult ideas and language - word of warning. However, it does cover many topics based around dealing with anxiety, depression, family issues, relationships with peers, and many other useful topics for kids going through high school.

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Aaron Mahnke explores in his podcast Lore, how the worlds estranged history and different cultures folklore has impacted society and the devouring fears of its people. In Mahnke’s episode Echoes, he disects the different reasons why insane asylums or psychiatric hospitals, once beacons of hope and healing, are now seen as prisons of torture and pain. Until well into to 20th century, asylums were very different than those of the 21st century. The practices and medical procedures used before the 21st century are now seen as barbaric. Before the 21st century asylums were using gruesome procedures such as electroshock therapy and lobotomy, which were seen as effective in that time. However, psychiatric hospitals soon worked their way into the world of horror with inspiration from some of the occurrences in early asylums. Mahnke explains how the horror genre fixated on the fears of losing control of who we are, being chained down, medicated, and  the fear of losing our freedom.

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Settings are often just as important to a story as the tale itself. The Shining had the Overlook. The Legend of Hell House had the Belasco. We fear cabins in the woods and even our own basements. But the mother of all horror settings is the asylum,...

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“Someone Knows Something” S4 Episode 1: 9-1-1

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“Someone Knows Something” S4 Episode 1: 9-1-1

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This podcast is about a 42 year old man named Wayne Greavette and his family. Wayne was killed by a flashlight bomb that was delivered to his house via postal service. He was killed instantly infront of his wife and son. Wayne’s wife Diane talks about how she and her family manages with the death of her husband 20 years in advanced. She talks about how her and Wayne fell in love and how that love grew more and more everyday. The Greavettes purchased a large property in order to start their own business bottling water. She also wonders if Wayne was killed because of their money or just because someone didn’t agree with them bottling water. They still look for the murdered and she even put $50,000 of her own money in search of finding her husband.

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Description

Host David Ridgen joins victims' family members as they investigate cold cases, tracking down leads, speaking to suspects and searching for answers. S1: Adrien McNaughton. S2: Sheryl Sheppard. S3: Dee & Moore. S4: Wayne Greavette.

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Customer Reviews

Great stuff!

by acc10x

Great stuff! Congrats to David and crew!

excellent radio

by wohtkins

Very well done and interesting. Excellent writing and sensitively and intelligently handled. I'm looking forward to the next episode.

Not into it

by MarthaKCMO

Ambling, pretentious, vague. I'm listening to this to hear about the family not the narrator's reoccurring dream. The podcast could definitely benefit from longer sound bites from the interviewees and less narrator. Otherwise it sounds like someone who desperately wants a spot on this American life.

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We are unable to find iTunes on your computer. To download and subscribe to Someone Knows Something by CBC Podcasts, get iTunes now. Already have iTunes? Click I Have iTunes to open it now. By CBC Podcasts To listen to an audio podcast, mouse over the title and click Play.

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of 99% Invisible by Radiotopia for free.

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Freakonomics Radio: After the Glass Ceiling, a Glass Cliff

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Freakonomics Radio: After the Glass Ceiling, a Glass Cliff

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This podcast discusses the Glass Cliff phenomenon, where women are only offered leadership positions when the company in question is already failing. This occurs not due to some sort of conspiracy, but rather a subconscious choice to try something different as a last ditch effort. However, this tendency often reflects negatively on the "change" being instituted, specifically the women being given leadership positions in failing companies. I think this podcast is a good start to changing societal views about women in leadership positions, but I am sadly not optimistic about this changing anytime soon.

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The first episode of this series is called "The Crime" and it touches on how an 11 year old boy was kidnapped while riding his bike home one evening in Minnesota. The episode includes exclusive interviews from his family, his friends and investigators. It also touches on why this case was unsolved for 27 years, and what law enforcement could have done to solve the case that night.

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On a deserted stretch, they were stopped by a man with a gun, dressed in black with his face covered, perhaps by pantyhose. The boys were told to lie in a nearby ditch and each was asked his age. Two were told to run for the woods without looking back, but Jacob was taken. For nearly 27 years, the case went unsolved, no body, no abductor. Until now.

In late August 2016 a man named Danny Heinrich pointed authorities to Jacob's remains, and then he admitted in court that he had abducted, assaulted, killed and buried Jacob in Paynesville, some 30 miles away.

For the people of Stearns County, the abduction drew a hard line between life before the crime and after. The long search destroyed lives, confounded investigators and forced Jacob's parents, Patty and Jerry, to consider the theories presented by every person with good or bad reasons to call their home.

In the beginning, the case seemed to have a lot going for it: The abduction took place on a dead-end road with limited escape routes, there were two witnesses who reported it right away, the Stearns County Sheriff's Office responded almost immediately. Yet as the circle of geographic possibilities widened by the hour, the police made decisions that would hobble the investigation for decades to come. Heinrich, questioned as early as 1990 about the abduction, lived under the noses of police. Why did it take so long?

Timeline of events

Interactive by Jaime Chismar and Matthew Van Dusen

The 911 call

At 9:32 p.m., Merlyn Jerzak, a neighbor of Patty and Jerry Wetterling, called 911 from the Wetterling house. His daughter, who had been babysitting at the Wetterling house, called him to come when she learned of Jacob's abduction.

Video

Video by Jeff Thompson

Video courtesy of Wetterling family

Profiles

SENIOR PRODUCER
Samara Freemark

EDITOR IN CHIEF
Chris Worthington

ADDITIONAL REPORTING
Curtis Gilbert
Jennifer Vogel
Will Craft
Tom Scheck
Emily Haavik

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The abduction of Jacob Wetterling, which made parents more vigilant and led to the first national requirement that states track sex offenders via registries, took place before moonrise on a warm October night in 1989.

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This podcast examines the experiences that shape the person we become. It delves into the lives of different TED speakers and describes parts in their life that have caused them to redefine who they are. This podcast also explores the idea of our identity as a person and the different characteristics that we use to describe ourselves.

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Over the course of our lives, we shed parts of our old selves, embrace new ones, and redefine who we are. This hour, TED speakers explore ideas about the experiences that shape the person we become.

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Mom and Dad Are Fighting: "Make Your Own Dang Breakfast!" Edition

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Mom and Dad Are Fighting: "Make Your Own Dang Breakfast!" Edition

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This podcast discusses the many complexities to parenting. The hosts share triumphs and fails from their weeks and answer questions sent in by parents. This episode discusses how difficult parenting can be while going through severe depression and the stigma still associated with mental illness.

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On this week's episode, Rebecca Lavoie and Carvell Wallace are joined by Dan Kois to answer a tough question from a mom with severe anxiety and depression. Plus: morning routines, parenting triumphs and fails, recommendations, and more. And on Slate Plus this week: Does being a parent make you a more efficient worker?

Discuss this episode-and share your own parenting triumphs and fails-on the Slate Parenting Facebook group. Got questions that you'd like us to answer? Call and leave us a message at 424-255-7833 or email us at momanddad@slate.com.

Podcast production by Benjamin Frisch.

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Morning Routines and Parenting While Depressed, on Slate's Parenting Podcast

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On this week's episode, Rebecca Lavoie and Carvell Wallace are joined by Dan Kois to answer a tough question from a mom with severe anxiety and depression. Plus: morning routines, parenting triumphs and fails, recommendations, and more. And on Slate Plus this week: Does being a parent make you a more efficient worker?

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This podcast examines how we are able to think about and relate different things in our lives. From rats to children to sign language dialects, this podcast examines how language affects our ability to think beyond the superficial.

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It's almost impossible to imagine a world without words. But in this hour, we try to do just that.

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This podcast goes in depth into the mental universe, especially looking into our behavior and perception. The episode “A Superhuman Escape” includes guest speaker Maude Julien who shares her experience with abuse as a child and her journey to recovery to help unpack the effects of one person having complete physical and psychological control over another.

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All In The Mind - ABC Radio National by ABC Radio National on Apple Podcasts

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of All In The Mind - ABC Radio National by ABC Radio National for free.

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This podcast observes how busyness affects people and prevents them from living full and healthy lives.  Psychologist David Sbarra shares that he feels like busyness has turned him into a "robot," programmed by his exhausting schedule. He states that busyness can even become an addiction.

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🔊 Listen Now: Why You're Addicted to Being Busy

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Email inboxes and push notifications were designed to keep us busy. But when we break it all down and how we think about busyness, we should be paying attent...

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This podcast explores common stereotypes of immigrants, both documented and undocumented, and whether science supports those stereotypes. A well researched podcast that includes multiple perspectives and a plethora of scientific sources, Science VS: Immigration is a very eye-opening discussion of a current issue in the United States.

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Listen to this episode from Science Vs on Spotify. We head to a farm in Alabama to find out what happened after thousands of immigrants left the state. Did it create more jobs for Americans and what happened to the crime rate? We speak to economists Prof. Samuel Addy, Prof.

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Visiting the Earth Like Worlds of TRAPPIST-1

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Visiting the Earth Like Worlds of TRAPPIST-1

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This podcast talks about the possibility of life on the exoplanets of the TRAPPIST-1 star system. The four main planets researchers are interested in are Trappist D, E, F, and G. These planets are 380 trillion kilometers from earth, and the length of a year is equivalent to a couple of days. The star they orbit is a red dwarf star no larger than Jupiter. Nikole Lewis, a WST Project Scientist, suggests that it is possible the planets experience permanent daylight and permanent night. In other words, they act like the moon in which one side is always exposed to light while the other is always exposed to darkness. The JWST telescope will analyze the atmosphere and composition of the exoplanets. Another interesting fact was, one of the exoplanets contains 5% of water. This amount may seem very miniscule, but the Earth only contains 0.02% of water. Lastly, the message Nikole Lewis gets across to the audience is that when researching extraterrestrial objects, one must not expect results to resemble what we see in our solar system. She suggests that it is extremely important to have an open mind and to never let appearances fool you.

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Planetary Radio * April 11, 2018

Download MP3

We have begun to understand the composition of worlds that are hundreds of trillions of kilometers from Earth. Astronomer Nikole Lewis is co-leader of a team that has used the Hubble Space Telescope to do this with the four Earth-like planets circling a star called TRAPPIST-1. Host Mat Kaplan talks with Digital Editor Jason Davis about a new probe designed to discover thousands of additional exoplanets. Want to win a Planetary Radio t-shirt? Answer this week's space trivia question posed by Planetary Society Chief Scientist Bruce Betts.
Related Links: A Planetary Radio t-shirt. Also, a 200-point iTelescope.net astronomy account. This week's question:
What was the first nebula observed that was tied to a supernova seen by humans?
To submit your answer:
Complete the contest entry form at http://planetary.org/radiocontest or write to us at [email protected] no later than Wednesday, April 18th at 8am Pacific Time. Be sure to include your name and mailing address.
Last week's question:
What is currently the second farthest spacecraft from Earth? It does not need to be currently functioning.
Answer:
The answer will be revealed next week.
Question from the week before:
What missions visited the Tiangong-1 space station?
Answer:
Three missions visited China's Tiangong-1 space station: Shenzhou 8, 9 and 10.

Listen more: planetary astronomy, Hubble Space Telescope, atmospheres, podcasts and videos, astronomy, Planetary Radio, life, extrasolar planets, geology, explaining science, stars and galaxies, Earth analogs

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Become a member of The Planetary Society and together we will create the future of space exploration.
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Keep our weekly radio program broadcasting online and on the air around the world.
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Visiting the Earth-Like Worlds of TRAPPIST-1

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We have begun to understand the composition of worlds that are hundreds of trillions of kilometers from Earth. Astronomer Nikole Lewis is co-leader of a team that has used the Hubble Space Telescope to do this with the four Earth-like planets circling a star called TRAPPIST-1.

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In this podcast Aileen Wournos, a female serial killer from the US, is analyzed from birth to death. I have listened to a few of the Serial Killer Podcasts by Thomas Wiborg-Thune and all of them have been fascinating. I chose this one for 2 reasons; this is his first female killer podcast he has done and it is implied that much of Aileen's rage is due to being raped and molested starting at a very young age. Recently stories of child brides killing their rapist husbands have been resurfacing in the news so this has some relevance. Wiborg-Thune does a good job of setting up the backstory and childhood of who ever he is analyzing and follows the story until they are either jailed or dead.

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This special episode marks this podcast's one year anniversary! &nbsp; Also, this episode features the first female serial killer, Aileen Wournos.&nbsp; &nbsp; Visit: patreon.com/theserialkillerpodcast facebook.com/theskpodcast twitter @serialkillerpod website: theserialkillerpodcast.com

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This podcast explores how far defense lawyers should go to defend blatantly guilty criminals.

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The Buried Bodies Case | Radiolab | WNYC Studios

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How far should lawyers go to provide the best defense to the worst people?

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This podcast discusses the connections we can make by listening to either objects or people. They talk to Honor Harger, a sound artist, about listening to objects in outer space and how we can almost feel a bit connected to them, as well as Evelyn Glennie, a famous percussionist who is able to hear through vibrations in her body to play the music (spoiler: she is deaf). In the second half of this podcast they talk with Jeffrey Brown about his work with listening to gang members and the clear impact listening has over adding more police to check them, as well as David Isay, the founder of StoryCorps again about the power of listening to one another.

I was personally drawn to this podcast by the second half of the show. Recently it has become more clear to me that people hear but don’t often listen and that is a huge problem in my opinion. One thing I will surely take away after listening to this podcast is the fact that there are clearly problems that can be solved with a bit of time and respect to truly listen.

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How Your Brain Decides What is Beautiful 

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How Your Brain Decides What is Beautiful 

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This podcast deals with the factors that make a person beautiful to the typical eye and how these factors came to be as well as how they must and are changing today. It was very interesting to listen to and compare my own experiences with what Mr. Chattarjee was explaining.

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TEDTalks Art by TED Talks on Apple Podcasts

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of TEDTalks Art by TED Talks for free.

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In this podcast, Ira Glass goes over stories of learning without a clear notion of what the lesson is supposed to be.

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Related

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Nancy Updike goes to Iraq to try to figure out what it's like to be a private citizen working in the middle of a war zone.

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A group of kids is told that "education is the door to their futures." But these kids are in jail, facing adult sentences. Why learn algebra when you're facing 25 years? Eli Hager reports. This story is a collaboration with The Marshall Project, where you can read a print version. (21 minutes)

Daniel Alarcón's dad was obsessed with soccer when he was growing up, but he was only average at soccer. But those who can't do...find something else to do. Daniel first told this story on his show Radio Ambulante. (6 minutes)

Song:

"Starbux Coffee Shop" by Yung Joc

Conspiracy theories about the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin continue to shape Israel's politics and future.

Nancy Updike goes to Iraq to try to figure out what it's like to be a private citizen working in the middle of a war zone.

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If you enjoyed this episode, you may like these Conspiracy theories about the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin continue to shape Israel's politics and future. Nancy Updike goes to Iraq to try to figure out what it's like to be a private citizen working in the middle of a war zone.

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This podcast covers a wide variety of things. It has horror, politics, life stories, and multiple mini series inside of it. I've been listening to Strangers for a couple years picking out the stories that interest me. This episode is about secrets within a family; how you never really know everything about your family. The episode is narrated by the woman this crazy story happened to. Listening to her gave me chills.

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It's the time of year when skeletons come out of the closet. We honor the dead, as we get ready for holidays among the living, where secrets will be spilled, and secrets will be created that will haunt us for years to come. You might describe today's story as a classic "noir," if it wasn't someone's real life....

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It's the time of year when skeletons come out of the closet. We honor the dead, as we get ready for holidays among the living, where secrets will be spilled, and secrets will be created that will haunt us for years to come.

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This podcast is about how the world is constantly getting economically better yet being overcome with depression is much more common than in the years past. Emily Esfahani discusses how achieving happiness in our culture has less to do with getting what you want and more to do with having a sense of meaning to fall back onto during hard or unhappy times. She discovered 4 pillars to strive for in life in order lead a meaningful and happy one.

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There's more to life than being happy | Emily Esfahani Smith - TEDTalks Society and Culture

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This podcast discusses the psychological idea of scarcity. Hidden Brain is a Science and Medicine podcast hosted by Shankar Vedantam on NPR. Vedantam uses the story of a mother who lost her job and suddenly was swamped by debt to explain the scarcity trap. The idea of the scarcity trap is that we will make decisions to satisfy our needs and improve our lives in the moment, but will eventually make our lives harder in the long run. With contributions from Harvard economics professor Sendhil Mullaianathan and Princeton Psychology professor Eldar Shafir.
Listen to it here.

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This podcast is a log by communications officer Doug Eiffel from the U.S.S. Hephaestus space station. It's a classic radio drama that starts out lighthearted, following the antics of a deep space crew on their mission to find alien life. Later, the plot gets convoluted and a lot darker. Contains mild profanity, though I haven't watched all the way through, so it might get markedly more unpleasant. LGBT themes later on. It's hard Sci fi. I recommend listening to it outside at night.

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A bi-monthly podcast about the advantages of floating, tiny and alone, in the middle of nowhere. Follow the adventures of Communications Officer Eiffel and the crew of the U.S.S. Hephaestus Station. Updates every two weeks.

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This podcast was a personal recount of Helen James who enlisted in the military in 1952. She recalls her experience with persecution by the government and her efforts to gain an honorable discharge decades after she was forced out. The Lavender Scare was parallel to the Red care, but instead of targeting suspected communists, it was LGBTQ+ people who were regarded as security risks.

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In the 1950's, men and women in the military across America were given dishonorable discharges after being outed as gay. It was called the Lavender Scare.

Helen James was serving in the U.S. Air Force when she realized that she was being investigated. The results of that investigation would change the course of her life.

"It wasn't okay to be gay or lesbian. An you could be outed and compromised by the enemy so to speak, and tell any secrets that we had," James told host Phoebe Judge. "You know, we were just considered to be a threat to national security. So they wanted us gone."
Criminal is recorded at WUNC.

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In the 1950's, men and women in the military across America were given dishonorable discharges after being outed as gay. It was called the Lavender Scare. Helen James was serving in the U.S. Air Force when she realized that she was being investigated. The results of that investigation would change the course of her life.

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This podcast is run by a technology youtube channel, LinusTechTips, which discusses current technology, news about the internet, and how it is like running multiple full time youtube channels. In this episode the hosts discuss topics such is the Intel CEO quitting, the future of star wars movies, youtube implementing paid subscriptions and Bethesda suing Warner Bros.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SKtJY6soCds

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In this podcast, Kaitlyn Sawrey takes an interesting look at the history of the Kallikak study and the effect it had on the world. In his study, Henry Goddard searched to prove the connection between intelligence and genetics by looking at the family trees of the “feeble minded.” This study became widely popular among the successful and was used in the reasoning behind many anti immigration laws, and ultimately, eugenics. Although the study was later found to have been plagued with errors, it does offer interesting insight into how quickly people are willing to overlook potential faults in order to confirm their own beliefs.

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This week, how one of the worst ideas in science got a big push from a bad study... and intellectuals of the day lapped it up. We speak to science writer Carl Zimmer and Prof. J. David Smith, whose research helped get to the bottom of this disturbing story.

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This podcast discusses recent news about people's right to free speech. Sam Sanders talks to Nadine Strossen about her book about hate speech and free speech. I enjoyed this podcast because the two provide evidence for reasonable solutions to the problems occurring in the US. It was also interesting to listen to Strossen's observations about the line between hate speech and free speech.

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subscribe to It's Been a Minute with Sam Sanders podcast

subscribe to It's Been a Minute with Sam Sanders podcast

Roseanne's tweet.

NFL players kneeling.

The President blocking people on Twitter.

These stories are all about the same thing: what is free speech? Who gets to decide? And what happens when one person's speech offends another?

As Sam observes in this episode, those questions are part of a national conversation that sounds very different on the left and on the right. Nadine Strossen's new book attempts to dispel misunderstandings on both sides. It's called Hate: Why We Should Resist It With Free Speech, Not Censorship. Strossen spoke to Sam about several recent news stories with free speech entanglements, and laid out her argument for why the best response to hate speech is more speech.

--Producer Brent Baughman

Interview Highlights
Former ACLU President Nadine Strossen On the central argument of her book
The most effective way to counter the potential negative effects of hate speech - which conveys discriminatory or hateful views on the basis of race, religion, gender, and so forth - is not through censorship, but rather through more speech. And that censorship of hate speech, no matter how well-intended, has been shown around the world and throughout history to do more harm than good in actually promoting equality, dignity, inclusivity, diversity, and societal harmony.
On hateful speech and why it's legal (most of the time)
You very frequently get public officials and even lawyers saying "hate speech is not free speech." But that is not correct! The Supreme Court never has created a category of speech that is defined by its hateful conduct, labeled it hate speech, and said that that is categorically excluded by the first amendment. Speech cannot be punished just because of its hateful con tent. But when you get beyond content and look at context, speech with a hateful message may be punished, if in a particular context it directly causes certain specific, imminent, serious harm - such as a genuine threat that means to instill a reasonable fear on the part of the person at whom the threat is targeted that he or she is going be subject to violence.
On feeling physically threatened by hateful speech
Not only threatened. You can feel emotionally disturbed. You can feel psychic trauma, which can have physiological manifestations. You can feel silenced. These are all real harms that may be suffered by people who are subject to hate speech that is not punishable.

[Because] even though we acknowledge those harms, loosening up the constraints on government to allow it to punish speech because of those less tangible, more speculative, more indirect harms - that censorial power will do more harm that good, precisely because the pendulum can swing. Not that shockingly long ago it was left-wing speakers, communists and socialist, who were kept off campuses. And civil rights activists were kept off many campuses, because their ideas were certainly hated, certainly seen as dangerous and insulting. And today, there are serious government officials who are saying that Black Lives Matter is a hate group.

On the right of colleges to refuse to allow a controversial speaker due to security costs
First of all, nobody has a right necessarily to speak on a particular campus. Campuses can set viewpoint-neutral time-, place-, and manner-rules to allocate this scarce resource of the opportunity to speak on campus. Just the way in the city of New York, you can't automatically get a parade permit - it's first-come, first-served.

And make no mistake about it, in an ACLU case - I'm proud to say, quite a few years ago - the Supreme Court held that imposing higher security costs on the speaker because the viewpoint is seen to be more controversial and therefore it's more likely to generate protests and therefore security costs - that that is just an indirect way of discriminating against the viewpoint. And you cannot do that.
On the ACLU's public image perception becoming more aligned with the left under President Trump
That's always been a misconception. People tend not to look at the underlying principle, but instead they look at whose ox is gored in the underlying case. And the reason that we're attacking specific policies of Trump is that those specific policies violate civil liberties principles. We did the same with Barack Obama, with Bill Clinton. The ACLU will issue criticism or praise on an issue-by-issue basis. Trump, no doubt, as a record number of issues on which he is earning criticism. But I don't think there is a single official about whom we cannot issue at least some praise and some criticism.
On the ACLU defending the speech rights of groups like the KKK and NAMBLA, and whether it was ever too much for her to stomach
I think the one that to me was the most vile was the North American Man/Boy Love Association. That to me - they are advocating what I see as a form of child abuse. But I do agree with the Supreme Court that advocacy of illegal conduct, including child abuse, is constitutionally protected. And people may be surprised to hear that. [The Supreme Court] drew a distinction between advocacy of illegal conduct versus intentional incitement of illegal conduct.

Because if we say, 'Oh, well, mere advocacy as opposed to intentional incitement will be enough for this speech that's particularly distasteful to me' - well once you make one exception, you can't hold the line. I know that if we loosened the standard for what was deemed to be advocacy that might be dangerous, Black Lives Matter would probably be the first thing that's endangered. So I think you have to look at the abstract principle and just tell yourself: that is what I'm defending.
On whether the NFL's new rule against player protests violates their free speech
Most people don't know and are somewhat disappointed to find out the first amendment - with its free speech guarantee - only applies to the government. Any private-sector entity, including such a powerful one as the NFL, is not constrained by constitutional free speech guarantees. That said, one can make an argument that they should voluntarily choose to protect such a quintessential patriotic value as freedom of speech.

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Free Speech vs. Hate Speech : It's Been a Minute with Sam Sanders

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Roseanne's tweet. NFL players kneeling. The President blocking people on Twitter. These stories are all about the same thing: what is free speech? Who gets to decide? And what happens when one person's speech makes another person feel unsafe?

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This podcast focuses on the wrongful convictions of people throughout the United States and their journey of gaining freedom after spending years in prison. Season four episode 2 of Wrongful Conviction focuses on a school teacher, Lucinda Hites-Clabaugh from Oregon state who was convicted of sexual assault on a third grader, that never actually happened. Lucinda discusses some of the major events in her life and the jaw dropping detail that changed her life forever.

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#035 Jason Flom with Lucinda Hites-Clabaugh

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This is an informative discussion of a recent comment that Bill Nye made about the relationship between science and philosophy. He claimed that modern-day science makes philosophy obsolete, but Bishop Robert Baron goes on to refute that claim by providing evidence to quite the contrary, that the two go hand-in-hand and even that science could not exist without philosophy. This podcast provides great arguments and counter-arguments for the active relationship between science and philosophy

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Bishop Barron on Bill Nye and Philosophy | Word on Fire

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In a recent viral YouTube video, pop-scientist Bill Nye denigrated the discipline of philosophy, stating that it never deviates from common sense, that it doubts the reality of sense experience, and that it engages in speculation about whether we might be part of an intergalactic ping pong match.

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Episode 98 - Star Wars presses pause, Lando in 9, X-men royal wedding and Weezer

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Episode 98 - Star Wars presses pause, Lando in 9, X-men royal wedding and Weezer

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A family friend recommended this podcast to me. It's 100% nerdy but it's got some good humor and the group of guys really know what they're talking about. Warning: there is some foul language usage.

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Episode 98 - Star Wars presses pause, Lando in 9, X-men royal wedding and Weezer

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Philosophize This! Episode #95 Are you living in a simulation? 

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Philosophize This! Episode #95 Are you living in a simulation? 

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In this episode of Philosophize This, the narrator summarizes the view that maybe reality isn't what it may seem, that maybe what we see all around us is actually generated completely by a computer, a simulated world in which we all believe is actually reality without truly understanding the idea that it may be simulated. All of this information was theorized in a short 5000 word paper written by Nick Bostrom, a man who was working in the philosophy department of the University of Oxford in England in early 2003. I was personally confused by some of his views and ideas but after listening close and thinking deeper into the topic his views and ideas started to sound plausible. This episode is hard to truly understand but introduces this idea that will leave you wondering " What if Bostrom is right and all this is a simulation?"

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Episode #095 ... Are you living in a simulation?

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Listen to this episode from Philosophize This! on Spotify. Today we discuss the famous paper by Nick Bostrom about the probability that we are living in a simulation. Support the show on Patreon! www.philosophizethis.org for additional content. Thank you for wanting to know more today than you did yesterday. :)

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In this episode of the TED Radio Hour, host Guy Raz invites numerous guests onto his show to explore what it means to leave your comfort zone. Each guest describes a way that they have left their comfort zones and the fundamental importance of doing so. the guests encourage you to challenge yourself in multiple ways by trying things you've never done, talking with people you would't normally talk to, reading books from cultures you've never experienced and challenging social norms, bigotry and racism. By stepping out of your comfort zone, the podcast argues, you can positively impact both your own life and the lives of those around you.

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Listen to this episode from TED Radio Hour on Spotify. We're all guilty of getting too comfortable - with our routines, social circles, the status quo. But is it stopping us from growing? This hour, TED speakers explore ways to push out of comfort zones.

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'I never want to be in a neighborhood where I'm shot at again'

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'I never want to be in a neighborhood where I'm shot at again'

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This is an interesting podcast that explores the benefits of a college education beyond the economic ones. The podcast is focused on current masters degree student Mario Martinez, who grew up in a rough neighborhood and even had a brief stint in prison. After taking the advice of successful people whom Mario installed wood floors for, he decided to pursue a college education. Although his education left Mario saddled with debt, his college experience gave him a different way of thinking and approaching life. He feels that although he is far from wealthy, the fact that he is educated has moved him up in social class. Most importantly, college has shown Mario that things are possible and that he never has to live in a neighborhood where he is shot at ever again. I enjoyed this podcast because it explores the qualitative value of an education, rather than simply looking to increases in income as the only measure of college success.

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Listen to this story on the Educate podcast. Subscribe now:

When Mario Martinez went to Liberty University, a private Christian college in Lynchburg, Virginia, the affluence astonished him. A student's car would break down and she'd have a new one within a couple of weeks. "It was mind blowing," he said. "To see that people can have so much."

And Liberty - with a median family income of about $75,000 a year - isn't even that rich compared to what you will find at America's most prestigious private colleges, where incomes are closer to $200,000 a year or more.

But Liberty is a long way from what Mario knew. He grew up in a poor neighborhood in Langley Park, Maryland. "We would hear police every night, we'd hear gunshots, we'd hear people scream," he said.

He was in college to get out. "I never want to be in a neighborhood where I'm shot at again," he said. "For me moving up social class means having the privilege, benefits and opportunities of a safe neighborhood."

My colleagues and I at APM Reports are working on a documentary about college and social class. We want to know what people gain - and what they lose - when they change class. And what college has to do with it.

Upward mobility has stalled, according to Brown University economist John Friedman.

"By the time you get to when I was born in 1980, only 50 percent of kids earn more than their parents do," he says.

I was especially curious to know what Mario had to say about education and social class because I first met him ten years ago in a remedial writing class at a community college in Maryland. I documented his first year at Montgomery College for a radio program called Rising by Degrees.

Mario eventually transferred to Liberty, got a bachelor's degree in psychology, and is now working on an M.B.A. at the University of Maryland.

Mario says when he first set out to get a college degree, he wasn't really thinking about making money. He just wanted a better life.

What he observed among his peers at Liberty is that money had not just afforded them new cars, but entirely different life experiences. He says his classmates seemed to have an expectation that they belonged anywhere in the world they wanted to be; they exuded a kind of confidence and openness that startled him. He grew up the opposite - defensive and guarded.

"Going to Liberty, I was trying figure out how people that didn't grow up in a rough neighborhood interacted with each other," he said. "What I learned was that people are more open, they're more transparent, they're not afraid that somebody will come back and try to harm them."

Another thing he learned about? Math camp.

Once when he was lost in a math class, he asked his classmates - did you learn this stuff in high school? A classmate said yes, he'd learned it at math camp. His parents had paid for him to go. Mario had never heard of math camp. It was one of those mind-blowing moments when he realized what a divide there was between him and so many of his classmates.

Now that he's working on a professional degree, I wondered whether Mario feels like he's in a higher social class. "No," he told me, laughing. "I am way below the federal poverty guideline right now."

That's because he's surviving on a meager stipend as a graduate assistant, plus he has a ton of student loans. But is he in a different social class?

He acknowledged that yes, he probably is, though the idea makes him a bit uncomfortable because he doesn't think he's in any way "above" people he grew up with, like his mother who cleans houses for a living.

For Mario, the most valuable thing about moving up is the safety that comes with it. Even if his various degrees don't mean he ends up making lots of money, he's sure he won't have to live in a dangerous neighborhood again. And if he has kids, they won't either.

Another thing he's sure about? If kids in his family ever struggle in a math class, he's going to find them a math camp. And pay for it.

Listen on the Educate Podcast.
Educate is a collaboration with The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization that focuses on inequality and innovation in education.

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'I never want to be in a neighborhood where I'm shot at again'

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Listen to this story on the Educate podcast. Subscribe now: When Mario Martinez went to Liberty University, a private Christian college in Lynchburg, Virginia, the affluence astonished him. A student's car would break down and she'd have a new one within a couple of weeks. "It was mind blowing," he said.

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In this podcast, the speaker Shameem Akhtar talks about how she was forced to live in order to get what she desired. Shameem lived in Pakistan during her childhood, and because she was a female, she was not allowed to get an education like males. When she was only three months old, her uncle decided that he wanted his niece to have the same opportunities that he did, so Shameem posed as a boy. Although she faced many challenges through her life, Shameem continued to further her education to this day and is working on getting her PhD in education. Seeing that education was important for girls to have, the people in Shameem’s community started sending girls to school. Today, there isn’t one girl that isn’t receiving an education there. I find Shameem’s story to be both inspiring and empowering, and I also see it as a reminder that I should be very thankful that I live somewhere where getting an education isn’t something that I have to fight for. Shameem used her opportunities to help others and we should all be striving to do the same.

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TEDTalks Education by TED Talks on Apple Podcasts

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of TEDTalks Education by TED Talks for free.

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Alice Isn't Dead- Part One- Chapter One- The Omelet

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Alice Isn't Dead- Part One- Chapter One- The Omelet

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This podcast is made by the same creators of my favorite podcast Welcome To Nightvale. Except this podcast is less of a silly, dry/dark humor listen. It's a bit spooky~ Seriously though, if you aren't a fan of scary things steer clear from this one. Its about a woman whose wife Alice disappears suddenly one day, and she sets off as a truck driver searching for Alice across the country. Along the way she comes across inhuman murderers and mysterious towns that send chills down your spine. Alice is in fact not dead, and our narrator is determined to find out why she left. This podcast has the effect of a horror movie on me, but oh my it is so good. There is cursing just as a heads up to anyone who doesn't like that. Its not extensive but its still there. Don't listen to this at night or while driving if you don't like being extremely paranoid. I love this show and it really does a good job at playing at human fear, so I hope you enjoy listening.

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A truck driver searches across America for the wife she had long assumed was dead. In the course of her search, she will encounter not-quite-human serial murderers, towns literally lost in time, and a conspiracy that goes way beyond one missing woman.

Follow Alice Isn't Dead on Twitter and Facebook for the latest updates.

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Alice Isn't Dead - WELCOME TO NIGHT VALE

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A truck driver searches across America for the wife she had long assumed was dead. In the course of her search, she will encounter not-quite-human serial murderers, towns literally lost in time, and a conspiracy that goes way beyond one missing woman. Follow Alice Isn't Dead on Twitter and Facebook for the latest updates.

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The Science of Happiness Ep. 2- Quieting Your Inner Critic

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The Science of Happiness Ep. 2- Quieting Your Inner Critic

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This series explores scientific strategies for living a better, happier life, and this episode in particular looks at having a more positive view of yourself. This episode focuses on self-compassion and the "mini-movement" of self-compassion. It explores the idea that one can experimentally induce self-compassion, as well as strategies for forgiving oneself and others and increasing one's self-esteem.
https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/public-radio-international/the-science-of-happiness/e/53152330

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I thought this podcast was interesting because it takes a bit of a new look into the backgrounds of various pieces of popular folklore. This episode looks back on the historical backgrounds to the concept of vampires, as well as gives a few of this concept's roots in different areas and cultures. It then becomes more specific in telling the tale of the woman who was considered to be the "first American vampire". I liked this podcast because it took a look on the more real roots of this folklore and how they became blown out of proportion , becoming lore rather than real history.

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Listen to the Lore Episode - Episode 1: They Made a Tonic on iHeartRadio | iHeartRadio

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Stream the Lore episode, Episode 1: They Made a Tonic, free & on demand on iHeartRadio.

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Philosophize This! Episode #94 - A Look at Suffering

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Philosophize This! Episode #94 - A Look at Suffering

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In this episode, Stephen West considers the topic of human suffering and how much we can do to prevent it, if we should try to at all. For example, he considers how human progress has affected suffering. The human race has solved many problems from the past and people are still unhappy in the modern day. He also looks at how suffering affects politics today. Personally, I find this topic fascinating as I think plenty about politics and his ideas shed some light on our motivations.

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Philosophize This! by Stephen West on Apple Podcasts

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of Philosophize This! by Stephen West for free.

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Backtalk: Racists, Stop Calling the Police - Popaganda by Bitchmedia (Title #3)

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Backtalk: Racists, Stop Calling the Police - Popaganda by Bitchmedia (Title #3)

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This series delves into pop culture and current events and explores the issue from a feminist viewpoint. In this particular episode, the hosts discuss the recent increase in white people calling the police on people of color doing normal, day-to-day activities. Using examples such as a woman calling the cops on a black family barbecuing in Oakland, California, to another woman calling the police on two Native Americans teenagers during a college tour in Colorado, the podcast highlights the effect of white feelings and white supremacy in these events.

I found this episode very interesting, as the podcast revealed the tendency of minority groups to rise up after injustice, such as the sudden increase in barbecues in Oakland where the viral event occurred. I also appreciated the fact that the podcast highlighted allies that used their privilege to challenge the scare tactic of calling the cops, as seen in the Oakland example, where the caller was questioned by a white passerby. Overall, the way the hosts discussed the issue in a more casual manner made the podcast an interesting listen that was more relatable than other news sources. The podcast really opened my eyes to the white supremacist ideals that have been integrated into our society, the entitlement that comes with calling the police in these situations, and the immense power allies have in situations of injustice.

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Popaganda by Bitch Media on Apple Podcasts

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of Popaganda by Bitch Media for free.

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Serial Killers E54: “Dr. Death” - Harold Shipman 

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Serial Killers E54: “Dr. Death” - Harold Shipman 

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This episode is the first in a two part discussion about Harold Shipman’s life and what led him to become a killer. The hosts weave together the facts of Shipman’s life to provide a glimpse into his mind in hopes of better understanding Shipman’s psychological profile.

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Serial Killers by Parcast on Apple Podcasts

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of Serial Killers by Parcast for free.

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Freakonomics Radio — Is the American Dream Really Dead?

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Freakonomics Radio — Is the American Dream Really Dead?

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This episode of Freakonomics Radio focuses on—well, the state of the American Dream, interpreted here as the amount of social mobility present, which is in turn measured by the percent of people in the bottom 20% in terms of national income who reach the top 20% in national income. The podcast also explores some of the things that have been shown to correlate with social mobility.

Personally, I found this broadcast to be interesting because of what the featured economists linked with increased social mobility, but I was ultimately a little disappointed by the lack of definitive answers.

Oh well. Maybe my hopes were too high.

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Just a few decades ago, more than 90 percent of 30-year-olds earned more than their parents had earned at the same age. Now it's only about 50 percent. What happened - and what can be done about it? Below is a transcript of the episode, modified for your reading pleasure. For more information on the people and ideas in the episode, see the links at the bottom of this post. And you'll find credits for the music in the episode noted within the transcript.
Our latest Freakonomics Radio episode is called "Is the American Dream Really Dead?" (You can subscribe to the podcast at iTunes or elsewhere, get the RSS feed, or listen via the media player above.)

* * *

Let's start today with a pop quiz. Here we go: in 1970, what percentage of 30-year-olds in America earned more money than their parents had earned at that age? Adjusted for inflation, of course. That's question No. 1. And question No. 2: what percentage of American 30-year-olds today earn more than their parents earned at age 30? I'll give you a second to think it over.

All right, you ready for the answer? The percentage of American 30-year-olds in 1970 who were earning more than their parents had earned at 30? Ninety-two percent. Isn't that amazing? That, in a nutshell, is what we call the American Dream. And what's the percentage now? It's somewhere around 50 percent. Which has led some people to say this:

Donald TRUMP: Sadly, the American Dream is dead!

Donald Trump's view of the American Dream - and his promise to revive it - had a lot to do with his getting elected president. According to Gallup polls, before the election more than 50 percent of Americans saw our economic conditions worsening. And, in case you're wondering, it's not just cranky old people. A poll from the Harvard Institute of Politics found that nearly fifty percent of millennials think the American Dream is "dead." We went out on the streets of New York ourselves to ask people if they thought the American dream was real, and achievable.

VOICES ON THE STREET: MALE 1: Absolutely it's real. Especially standing here in Battery Park you look at different people from all across nations that come to America to realize the American dream. FEMALE 1: I think that if you really work hard then you can do whatever you want in America. It might be a little difficult at first but you can still do it. MALE 2: I don't think the American dream is achievable. I think it's a motivator, to try to achieve it. FEMALE 2: The American Dream is something of a mythology for a way in which to advance and have a good life under what is essentially not just a capitalist system but a country founded on exploitation. FEMALE 3 : You put in some work, you put in some sweat, and you can definitely make the American Dream happen. MALE 3: Well, there's a lot of cynicism now over the American dream. I am a product of it. My family, our families are refugees, came to this country 30 years ago. Had nothing. Was able to send all their kids to college, was able to have a house, was able to give a better future for myself and their children than they ever would have had back in Vietnam.

A lot of the conversations we have these days about the American Dream are in political terms, or theoretical terms. Today on Freakonomics Radio: the actual, unvarnished economics of the American Dream. Which we will define, for the sake of today's conversation, as this:

Raj CHETTY: If you're born into a low-income family, do you really have a shot at rising up no matter what your background is?

And we'll discuss whether the American Dream is really dead - or maybe if it's just moved a bit ... north.

CHETTY: You're twice as likely to realize the American Dream if you're growing up in Canada rather than the U.S.

* * *

James Truslow Adams, born in 1878 to a wealthy New York family, became a financier and, later, an author. He won a Pulitzer Prize for a history of New England; and later he wrote a book called The Epic of America. Even though it was written during the Great Depression, Adams took a fundamentally bullish view of the United States.

His book was hugely popular, and as best as we can tell, it introduced the phrase "The American Dream." Adams defined this as "that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement." The phrase caught on, and not just a little bit. Especially among our presidents:

Barack OBAMA: The bedrock of our economic success is the American Dream. Richard NIXON: The American Dream does not come to those who fall asleep. George W. BUSH: So every citizen has access to the American Dream Ronald REAGAN:They have lived the American Dream Bill CLINTON: The American Dream will succeed or fail in the 21st Century. Donald TRUMP: Raj CHETTY: The reason my parents came to this country was in search of the American Dream. Sadly, the American Dream is dead!

That's Raj Chetty.

CHETTY: I was born in New Delhi, India, and came to the United States when I was 9 years old, and grew up mostly in the Midwest.

Chetty is now an economist at Stanford:

CHETTY: I study issues of inequality and opportunity and how we can use economic policy to improve people's outcomes.

Chetty was one of the scholars behind the research I cited earlier, about the massive drop in the share of 30-year-old Americans earning more than their parents did. In fact, he is behind a lot of the most important research on income inequality, mobility, and the fragile state of the American Dream. His work is highly regarded by the people who give awards - he has won a MacArthur "Genius" Award and the John Bates Clark Medal. Politicians admire him as well.

Senator Jeff SESSIONS: Dr. Chetty, thank you for your participation. Senator Bernie SANDERS: Dr. Chetty, what do you think?

That was Senator Bernie Sanders and, before him, then-Senator Jeff Sessions, when Chetty testified at a Senate hearing on income mobility and inequality. Chetty is a favorite of Democrat Hillary Clinton.

Hillary CLINTON: Some really interesting work being done by Professor Raj Chetty and his colleagues.

As well as Republican Paul Ryan.

Paul RYAN: Economists - you know, if you talk to Raj Chetty or others - they'll tell you this is social capital.

Chetty is the policymakers' policymaker. The economists' economist. Which means he tries to be, above all, empirical. Not ideological or political.

CHETTY: One of my missions is to try and inject more evidence into these important policy debates because I think we're making huge investment decisions with very little knowledge about exactly what is going to work. Stephen J. DUBNER: Do you vote? Are you a political participant? CHETTY: I'm independent. And so I've thought hard about this. I think it's very difficult to keep yourself objective, which is very important to me. I mean it's important to me that I have some findings that I think are more supportive of policies that Democrats are pushing, and there are some findings that are more supportive of policies that Republicans are pushing. DUBNER: Some academics I know whose work gets cited for political purposes have told me that the work is inevitably cherry-picked or cream-skimmed to suit the politician's position. CHETTY: I think while the big-picture focus might be chosen based on political views, there are lots of details that matter greatly, and I think science can be very useful there, in addition to perhaps guiding which areas we focus on - affordable housing versus tax cuts versus other things.

For all his influence, Chetty is only 37 years old.

CHETTY: I was actually the last person in my family to publish a paper. My parents are both in academics, and I have two older sisters who are in bioscience.

Chetty went to Harvard as an undergrad but he didn't spend spent much time undergradding: he got his Ph.D. at 23.

CHETTY: Basically I did a six-year Ph.D. and didn't go to college, in the sense that starting my sophomore year, I actually didn't take any undergraduate classes.

He taught at Berkeley, then Harvard, and in 2015, moved to Stanford.

DUBNER: You are hardly the first economist from Harvard to go to Stanford in the last few years. There's been quite a little exodus. CHETTY: Recently, as the field of economics is shifting towards big data and increasing use of modern statistical techniques, like machine learning, to think about economic questions, Stanford has tremendous strength in those areas and other fields. And of course we all know that the birthplace of much of modern computing is here in Silicon Valley at Stanford. DUBNER: Now, economists in particular, but social scientists more broadly, have in the past few years especially, just been being gobbled up by tech firms. Because they, too, have discovered that big data is potentially exciting and a number of academic economists, many of whom I'm sure you know well, are moonlighting or sidelining with tech firms, Uber and Facebook and on and on. What about you? Was that an appeal for you to be out there and are you doing any consulting, advising work on the side with these private firms? Or are you strictly an academic economist? CHETTY: Yeah, that is a very important trend. I myself am not doing any work with those firms directly, but what I am interested in is working with the data from firms like Facebook and Twitter, for instance, to think about social and economic policy questions. So, to give you a concrete example, I'm starting a project with my colleague Matt Jackson here at Stanford, and others at Facebook, where we're exploring the role of social networks in inequality, and trying to understand essentially whether you can network yourself out of poverty. Social scientists have been interested in that sort of question for a very long time, but we just haven't had the data to really investigate that question precisely from an empirical point of view. And the Facebook data, of course, are game-changing in that respect.

A lot of Chetty's research falls under the banner of something called the Equality of Opportunity Project. That is a group of economists - and other social scientists - who are trying to find the most effective, and efficient, ways to address chronic poverty. Which, Chetty argues, is really important. Because the economy that for so many years facilitated the American Dream for so many millions is no longer reliably doing so.

CHETTY: While modern technology and economic growth is changing the world in tremendous ways - I mean, we can now do things with our cell phones that we never would have imagined 10 years ago - I think unless we think carefully about social policy, doesn't necessarily end up benefiting everyone. There are many people for whom progress over the last 30 years hasn't really had a tremendous impact on their lives in terms of better opportunities for their kids or better health outcomes and so forth.

Chetty admits the American Dream worked out great for his immigrant family.

CHETTY: And so partly with that personal motivation, partly out of scientific interest, I wanted to think about whether the American Dream truly is alive and well, and what the determinants of the American Dream are.

Okay, so how do you do that? How do you measure the state of the American Dream? And, more important, how do you identify the determinants that enable one family, or one kid, to shoot up out of poverty while others are left behind? Well, if you're an economist, you do that with ... data. Lots and lots of data.

CHETTY: And this specific angle we took is by using the large data that we have now from administrative tax and Social Security records where we're able to see for the full population what income distributions look like for kids and for parents. And so you can basically ask, taking say, all of the kids born in America in the 1980s, "What fraction of the kids born to low-income families actually make it to the top of the income distribution? How much intergenerational mobility is there in America?" In the U.S., if you take, say, the set of children who are born to families in the bottom quintile of the income distribution, in the bottom fifth, about seven-and-a-half percent of those kids make it to the top fifth of the income distribution. DUBNER: And that number in isolation doesn't sound off the bat so bad. CHETTY: Yeah, that's right. Exactly. Seven-and-a-half percent, is that a big number, is that a small number? It's hard to judge in isolation. So to give some context for that, I think Stephen, it's useful to start first by thinking about comparisons across countries. So if you look at that number in other countries where we have comparable data, like the United Kingdom, for instance. In the U.K., that number is nine percent. A little bit higher, but not all that much higher. If you go to a place like Canada or Denmark, the number is 13 percent, or 13 and a half percent. That's quite a bit higher. And it's useful, in thinking about these numbers, is 13 percent a big number? Well, you have to remember, of course, that no matter what you do, you can't have more than 20 percent of people in the top 20 percent, right? So the maximum value this statistic can take, I think, is plausibly 20 percent. To put it more precisely, if you lived in a society where your parents played no role at all in determining your outcomes, we'd expect one-fifth of kids to rise from the bottom 20 percent to the top 20 percent. And so relative to that benchmark, that upper bound, if you will, the 13 and a half percent rate in Canada and the seven-and-a-half percent rate in the U.S., that's a really big difference. It's almost like you're twice as likely to realize the American dream of moving up if you're growing up in Canada rather than the U.S, right? DUBNER: Or perhaps more precisely, we should just call it the Canadian Dream instead of the American Dream, if they're twice as good. Well, but what we want to know then is why, right? What makes that more possible in Canada? So that's what your research is really about, yes, is about identifying the factors that move that needle? CHETTY: Exactly. Exactly. So that I think is kind of useful as background, but there are lots of differences between Canada and the U.S. The first of which is that Canada has less inequality than the U.S. There's less distance between the 20th percentile and the 80th percentile in Canada, relative to America. DUBNER: Which means - so are you making a social point or is this a statistical point? In other words, it's easier to move because it's a smaller jump. CHETTY: That's exactly right. From a statistical point of view, one view you could have is maybe the reason you see higher upward mobility in Canada is not really so much that it is actually easier to move up in Canada, but it's easier to make that move because it's a shorter distance in a sense. So that's one example of why I think these cross-country comparisons, while they can be motivating, in and of themselves it's inevitably going to be very difficult to say for sure what you can learn from comparing Canada to the U.S. DUBNER: So that shouldn't really, I guess, surprise us if you know a little bit about the makeup and history of the United States and the fact that we are states that have different policies, different populations and then obviously counties and cities that really differ a lot. CHETTY: Yeah, I think that's right. But I think that line of thinking would lead you to think that most of this variation is regional. But what's perhaps more surprising is that as we zoom in more finely we continue to find almost as much variation. So kids growing up in San Francisco, for example, have about twice the chance of climbing from the bottom to top as kids just across the Bay Bridge in Oakland. But I think before we even get to the issue of why is the U.S. is different from Canada, it turns out the story even in America itself is much more nuanced. Within America, there are actually a number of places that truly are lands of opportunity, places where kids achieve the American Dream at high rates. In some places, like in Salt Lake City, Utah, or in the Bay Area, something like 13 percent of kids are making it from the bottom fifth to the top fifth. Turns out in the center of the country, like in Iowa, for example, in many areas of Iowa you see more than 15 or 16 percent of kids making it from the bottom fifth to the top fifth. So higher than the numbers we see in the data for Canada and for Scandinavian countries. But at the other end of the spectrum, you take places like Atlanta, Georgia; or Charlotte, North Carolina; or much of the southeast of the U.S., and you have rates of upward mobility below four-and-a-half percent. Lower than any country for which we currently have data.

Coming up on Freakonomics Radio: the preliminary results of an incredibly ambitious government program to address poverty.

CHETTY: What you ended up finding was frankly I think somewhat disappointing.

All right then: how do you engineer the possibility of the American Dream?

CHETTY: We've identified five factors that seem to be particularly strongly correlated with these differences.

* * *

The Stanford economist Raj Chetty has been working with large data sets to try to understand why so many Americans are no longer living the American Dream. When it comes to economic opportunity, Chetty and his colleagues found huge regional and even local differences throughout the U.S.

As he told us, kids growing up in San Francisco have about twice the chance of living the American Dream as kids from just across the bridge, in Oakland. Why? One easy explanation would be that the people in those different areas are just different - they have different abilities, different cultures, different job opportunities. And that certainly has some explanatory power. But Chetty and his colleagues found the story isn't that simple.

CHETTY: A lot of this variation is driven by differences in childhood environment, as opposed to differences in conditions in the labor market or the types of jobs that are available or unemployment rates -things that affect you in adulthood.

How do the data explain that it's the childhood environment making the difference?

CHETTY: So we're going to start by thinking about families who move when their child is exactly 9 years old, alright? And why age nine? That happens to be the earliest age we can examine in currently available data. DUBNER: And that's not just because you were nine years old when you moved from India to Milwaukee, is it? CHETTY: Not, not quite. DUBNER: Just a coincidence? Okay. CHETTY: Interesting coincidence. And so when we look at these nine-year-olds who move, we find that they end up roughly halfway between the kids who grew up in Oakland from birth and the kids who grew up in San Francisco from birth. So they're earning roughly $35,000 when we track them forward 21 years and measure their own incomes when they're age 30. So that's for the kids who move when they're exactly nine, right? So now let's replicate that for kids who move when they're ten, eleven, twelve, and so forth and so on. And what you end up seeing in the data is a very clear declining pattern where the later you make that move, from Oakland to San Francisco, the less of the gain you get. And in fact, if you move after you're 21 or 22 or so, you get absolutely no gain at all, and if you move in your early 20s or when you're 30, the relationship is completely flat. There's no further gain from moving. So this sort of analysis leads us to the conclusion that first of all, where you grow up matters. It's not just that kids who live in Oakland are somehow different from the kids who live in San Francisco. Second, you see that neighborhood environment matters because of childhood factors and not factors in adulthood, right?

This is hardly a new idea - that growing up in a poor neighborhood isn't the best launching ground for economic success. This idea, in fact, led the Clinton Administration to experiment in the mid-1990s with a program called Moving to Opportunity.

CHETTY: They took about 5,000 families, across five large cities in the U.S. including New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles.

In New York for instance ...

CHETTY: So, for instance, in New York, many of the families were living in the Martin Luther King Towers, which is a very high-poverty, large public-housing project in New York. They took these families and they randomly assigned them to one of three groups.

The first was a control group. They stayed put in the Martin Luther King Towers.

CHETTY: And then there were two treatment groups, one of which was called the Standard Section 8 Housing Voucher Group.

This group could use the vouchers to move wherever they wanted.

CHETTY: So many families, for example, moved to a place in the mid-Bronx called Soundview, which is about six miles away from the MLK Towers. So not in the super-high-concentrated-poverty public-housing project, but not in a dramatically different neighborhood either.

Families in the third group were also given a housing voucher.

CHETTY: However, with an additional restriction - which was that you could only use this voucher to rent a house or apartment in a place with a poverty rate below ten percent. So basically trying to encourage families to move into more mixed-income areas.

Hence the program's name: Moving to Opportunity, or MTO. The people behind the program suspected, or at least hoped, that families who removed themselves from concentrated poverty would end up having better outcomes themselves. For both the adults already in the labor market and their kids, who'd be coming into the labor market. So what happened?

CHETTY: What you ended up finding was frankly I think somewhat disappointing. So you didn't see any differences in employment rates or average levels of earnings.

There were some positive health effects - lower obesity and better mental health, for instance. But the MTO experiment was largely considered a failure.

CHETTY: I think it left the field in kind of a difficult spot, because people still instinctively felt and anecdotally felt like, "Of course it's got to matter where you grow up." But this gold-standard scientific experiment is telling us that it doesn't matter for economic outcomes.

That indeed was the consensus among researchers who analyzed the MTO data. But several years later, Chetty and his colleague Nathaniel Hendren wound up taking another look at the data. And they saw a different picture. They saw a rather large benefit among some people who had participated in MTO. Why?

CHETTY: Our hypothesis was that earlier studies of MTO had looked at impacts on adults and children who were older at the point of the move.

Remember, the Moving to Opportunity experiment was conducted in the mid-1990s. The studies that found disappointing results were published roughly ten years later.

CHETTY: And, of course, the children who were very young at the point the experiment was implemented - say, kids who were 2 or 3 years old - 10 years after the experiment was implemented, they were still only 12 and so obviously, you couldn't measure their earnings at that point because they weren't working yet. So these earlier studies for that reason mainly focused on adults and older youth, and they didn't find much of an impact. But to us, in light of our findings on the importance of childhood exposure, that actually made sense. We thought, "Well, in our data, it looks like in order to really see an effect of moving to a better neighborhood, you need many years of exposure to that better neighborhood."

And that's what led Chetty and his colleagues to re-examine the MTO data. They added a layer of IRS data, in order to measure the longer-term earnings for the kids who were young when they moved.

CHETTY: And, quite remarkably, and I still vividly remember seeing this when we were studying this at the IRS, looking at the data - when you look at children who moved when they were young, you see extremely clearly that they are doing dramatically better today as adults. They are earning 30 percent more, they are 27 percent more likely to go to college, they're 30 percent less likely to become single parents. And that, in our view, just kind of completely changed everything and I think has changed people's perceptions of MTO.

Okay, so young kids who move out of a high-poverty neighborhood do much better later on. What, exactly, does this signify? What's going on in the poor neighborhoods to depress income mobility and what's going on in the better neighborhoods to increase it? Answering those questions has become a big part of Raj Chetty's work. He and his colleagues have come up with five significant explanations.

CHETTY: The first is residential segregation. Cities that are more segregated by income and by race tend to have much lower levels of upward mobility. So if you look at a city like Atlanta it's an incredibly segregated city. Now cities that look like that, in terms of residential structure, we find systematically tend to have very low rates of upward mobility. In contrast, if you look at a place like the Bay Area, at least in the 1980s and 1990s, and this, Stephen, I think is changing quite a bit over time, especially here in Silicon Valley as prices are rising, but in the 1980s and 1990s, the Bay Area was relatively integrated, at least compared to Atlanta. Where you had neighborhoods of San Francisco with both middle- and high-income people, you had people of different ethnicities living near each other, and those kinds of cities tend to have much higher rates of upward mobility.

The second factor:

CHETTY: Income inequality. You have more people in the middle class, you also tend to have higher levels of upward mobility. This relationship is what Alan Krueger, based on cross-country data, termed the Great Gatsby Curve. The idea that there's a link between inequality in any one generation and rates of intergenerational mobility. Why is this link interesting if one can interpret it causally? It suggests that as we have growing inequality over time, as we do in the U.S., we might be concerned about that not just because we're worried about equitable distribution, but also because we're worried that it might erode children's chances of achieving the American Dream. And so, again, we don't know exactly what the mechanism is and whether this is really a causal effect - inequality causing changes in upward mobility-but there does seem to be some link between these two factors.

The third factor they identified relates to family.

CHETTY: It turns out that the single strongest correlation we find in the data is with measures of family structure, such as the fraction of single parents living in an area. We find that places with more single parents have significantly lower levels of upward mobility. Now in interpreting this correlation, it's very important to note that it's not purely driven by the fact that growing up in a one-parent family leads to worse outcomes for children. And the way you can see that is if we look at the subset of kids who grow up in a two-parent household, we see that for that subset of children, even for them, growing up in neighborhood with a lot of single parents is associated with lower levels of upward mobility. So it's not literally about whether your own parents are married or not - again, it's picking up some community-level factor where growing up in a place that has a lot of single parents - maybe there's more family instability or it's correlated with some third factor that is leading to higher rates of single parenthood. For whatever reason, that seems to be strongly associated with lower levels of upward mobility.

The fourth factor:

CHETTY: Social capital. And so the idea of social capital - I think of it in relation to the old adage that it takes a village to raise a child. Will someone else in your community help you out when you need help? So as an example, Salt Lake City with the Mormon Church is thought to be the quintessential example of a city with a lot of social capital. And correspondingly in our data, seems to exhibit a lot of social mobility. Now this concept of social capital, as you might know, was popularized in a very well-known book by Bob Putnam called Bowling Alone.

Indeed, we put out an episode not long ago, called " Trust Me," with Bob Putnam, who teaches public policy at Harvard. Years ago, he was looking at the decline of civic life in America.

Bob PUTNAM: We were becoming more and more isolated. Or as a friend suggested to me once, "You mean we're bowling alone?"CHETTY: And the reason for the title of that book is social capital is notoriously difficult to measure. And Bob had the creative idea of using the number of bowling alleys in an area, and in particular whether people are bowling alone, as a proxy for social capital. PUTNAM: CHETTY: So I was amazed to find, I remember actually discussing this with Bob in his office at Harvard, that the number of bowling alleys is actually very highly correlated with the rates of upward mobility in our own data. DUBNER: Were you skeptical when you first looked at that? CHETTY: Yeah, I was surprised, certainly. I also thought, Wow, Bob really had some foresight in thinking about bowling alleys. But I mention that here because it illustrates a caveat to all of these relationships because these are all correlations rather than causal effects, right? And so it would be surprising if the policy implication to draw from this is that we should build more bowling alleys to increase upward mobility in the United States. And so I think that's a very important caveat to keep in mind. I mention that because the fifth factor is a bit of an exception to that. The fifth factor is school quality. CHETTY: We find that places with better public schools, as you might expect intuitively, have much higher rates of upward mobility. And on that dimension, there's a lot of very good evidence showing that improving the quality of schools can really, meaningfully, affect rates of intergenerational mobility. So I would treat school quality a little bit differently from the other four factors, where we see strong correlations, but are not yet sure exactly what the causal mechanisms are. DUBNER: Now each of the factors that you've discussed, even I could think of some potential policy ideas to improve them. Do you think much about that, or are you content at this point to do the research that allows policymakers to have those ideas and make those moves? CHETTY: Absolutely, we want to take the next step to think about what this means for policy, what the causal mechanisms are, what the levers are, that we can push to change some of these factors. So that I think is a good segue now to come back to the Moving to Opportunity experiment, which I see as a way to potentially tackle segregation. One concrete way in which you might try to integrate a city is by giving low-income families housing assistance, to be able to rent houses in more mixed-income neighborhoods. Thereby mechanically reducing segregation. DUBNER: Now, I could hear you talking about this, extolling the virtues, the latent virtues, that you ultimately unearthed of a program like Moving to Opportunity, where the government spends a bunch of money to relocate families, and I could think, "Oh, you're just another big-government-spending advocate." On the other hand, I know that you have thought quite a bit about the money that is spent in the U.S. on a variety of affordable housing programs, I believe a total of roughly $45 billion. So I'm curious as an economist how you would assess the efficiency of typical or historical housing spending in the U.S., and compare that to the ROI on something like Moving to Opportunity. CHETTY: I certainly recognize that in a time when we have a government that's already spending quite a bit on initiatives like this, the answer can't simply be to just spend more on these problems. I think the power of these data and what we need to be doing is spending money in smarter ways. And so this is a good example of a program, where we're spending $45 billion on various forms of affordable housing, but we're not spending that money in the most efficient possible way in order to achieve outcomes like reduced poverty in the long-run. So let me give you a couple of examples on dimensions in which we can, I think, make improvements. First , the optimal age at which to help families move is when their kids are born or when their kids are very young. In practice, we do almost exactly the opposite. We put families on waiting lists when they have kids, and those waiting lists sometimes take many, many years, particularly in the most depressed cities where we really would like to be moving families out of concentrated poverty. And so what ends up happening is that families only get the opportunity to move exactly when their kids are older, which is exactly backwards, right, in terms of what you'd like to be accomplishing here. So that's a tweak that would not increase program costs but I think would dramatically increase impact. Another example is that the vast majority of housing vouchers are currently being used in very high-poverty, low-opportunity areas. And that is problematic, because we find that it's really critical to move to these higher-opportunity, low-poverty areas in order to see beneficial outcomes. And so we're working with HUD and a large group of public-housing authorities to figure out how, again, without spending more money, how we might be able to reform the program so we can get more families that get these vouchers to move to neighborhoods that are going to better serve their kids in the long-run. A further important aspect to think about in the context of cost is that my sense is that the government will actually recover much of the money we invest in programs like this because we see that these children who are earning 30 percent more as adults - they of course are paying more in income taxes themselves as they have higher earnings. And so we calculate that the extra income taxes that they pay actually more than offsets the incremental cost of a program like Moving to Opportunity. So it's actually a, we think, a budget-saving program in many ways. DUBNER: Your work has been cited by politicians certainly across the aisle - by Paul Ryan, you've personally tutored Hillary Clinton in mobility issues and perhaps others, you've advised the Obama Administration and advised Jeb Bush - I'm really curious to know how, well, I was going to ask you how it feels to have that policy pull, I don't know if you actually have pull, but at least you're in the room and you are looked to as an authority who really understands or can explain cause and effect in addressing these issues that policymakers deal with all the time, often not in an evidence-based manner. So could you just talk about that - what those conversations are like, if you feel they're fruitful, if you feel your research is considered seriously and perhaps even acted upon? CHETTY: Yes. I am quite encouraged by how interested policymakers are in this type of evidence, and I think there is a genuine interest, often on both sides of the aisle, in trying to do better things with the money that we're spending. I think when you can come into a room and say, "I'm not saying we should spend an extra $30 billion on affordable housing, I'm saying we should take the money we're already spending and maybe tweak it in certain ways and enact certain reforms, that based on the evidence will actually deliver better outcomes that we all want to achieve." I think that can really be impactful. My sense is by the way, a lot of the political influence that matters here is not just at the national level, but at the local level, given the nature of the problem. Mayors can do a lot. We noticed mayors are talking about things differently. Our hope is ultimately the evidence that we're accumulating and a number of other researchers will ultimately influence policy. The core idea of social capital is so simple that I'm almost embarrassed to say it. It is that social networks have value. There's a huge amount of work on how social networks help us find jobs.

Since our interview with Raj Chetty, he has met for an hour-and-a-half with Ben Carson, the presumptive Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. As Chetty described it in an e-mail: "He and his staff were eager to hear about how the data could help us make better use of the dollars HUD is spending to achieve better outcomes for low-income children."

We asked Chetty if he'd consider serving in this Administration himself. "I would not have considered serving in either a Trump or Clinton administration, largely because I'd like to continue focusing on research to identify the best policy solutions at this point. Perhaps down the road I'd reconsider." Chetty also wrote this: "I hope that the new administration will take an evidence-based approach to making policy decisions, for instance by making smart investments in childhood education, affordable housing, and other programs that can create opportunity in effective ways."

If you want to look at some of the research by Raj Chetty and his colleagues on the Equality of Opportunity Project, I suggest you spend some time on their website. You can look it up: Equality of Opportunity Project. And next time on Freakonomics Radio, we'll expand this conversation about the state of the American Dream.

One argument we've all heard is that the U.S. was too willing to let its manufacturing jobs go to China and elsewhere. Economists were for the most part sanguine; they told us not to worry, that the upsides of global trade would cancel out the downsides of that job loss. What do they say now?

David AUTOR: I'm much less sanguine about it than I used to be. I think if we had realized how traumatic the pace of change would have been, we would have at a minimum had much better policies in place to assist workers in communities that suffered these very severe and immediate consequences and we might have tried to moderate the pace at which it occurred.

The true story of Chinese trade and American job loss - that's next time, on Freakonomics Radio.

* * *

Freakonomics Radiois produced by WNYC Studios and Dubner Productions. This episode was produced by Greg Rosalsky. Our staff also includes Shelley Lewis, Christopher Werth, Stephanie Tam, Merritt Jacob, Eliza Lambert, Alison Hockenberry, Emma Morgenstern, Harry Huggins, and Brian Gutierrez, and we had help on this episode from Andrew Dunn and Noam Osband. You can subscribe to Freakonomics Radio on iTunes or wherever else you get your podcasts.
SOURCES RESOURCES
Here's where you can learn more about the people and ideas in this episode:
ETC.

"The Fading American Dream: Trends in Absolute Income Mobility Since 1940," by Raj Chetty et al, December 2016 (NBER Working Paper)

"The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility: Childhood Exposure Effects and County-Level Estimates," by Raj Chetty and Nathaniel Hendren, May 2015 (NBER Working Paper)

"The Effects of Exposure to Better Neighborhoods on Children: New Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment," by Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, and Lawrence F. Katz, American Economic Review, 2015

"Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States," by Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, and Emmanuel Saez, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2014

"Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility," by Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, and Nick Turner, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 2014

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Is the American Dream Really Dead? (Ep. 273) - Freakonomics

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Just a few decades ago, more than 90 percent of 30-year-olds earned more than their parents had earned at the same age. Now it's only about 50 percent. What happened - and what can be done about it? Below is a transcript of the episode, modified for your reading pleasure.

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To Eliminate Waste, We Need to Rediscover Thrift (Title #5)

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To Eliminate Waste, We Need to Rediscover Thrift (Title #5)

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I am passionate about the environment and the ways we can reduce our increasing pressure on Earth and its resources. In this podcast, it explains how we can reduce, reuse, and recycle single-use or disposable items through the concept of thrift. In our current throw-away society that is heavily influenced by consumerism, we have to remember that trash doesn't just disappear once that garbage truck comes by to pick it up. It goes somewhere, whether it be in the landfills or in the ocean.

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TEDTalks Society and Culture by TED Talks on Apple Podcasts

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Download past episodes or subscribe to future episodes of TEDTalks Society and Culture by TED Talks for free.

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I’ve always enjoyed TEDTalks and the broad categories every TEDTalk has to offer. This particular episode features how different languages can make words or phrases have different meanings. I grew up bilingual, so it was very interesting to relate to how different languages can express different meanings from one idea.

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TEDTalks Society and Culture by TED Talks on Apple Podcasts

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This podcast discusses the June 1962 escape from Alcatraz by brothers John and Clarence Anglin, as well as fellow inmate Frank Morris. This podcast quickly drew me in because of the mystery surrounding what happened to the Anglin brothers and Morris. 56 years later, there is no conclusive evidence as to whether or not the 3 are still alive. Many relatives of the Anglin brothers, however, are absolutely convinced that the brothers and Morris did in fact survive after escaping Alcatraz.

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In 1962, two men managed to escape the one prison in America that was supposed to be inescapable. They were never found. More than 50 years later, their 82-year-old sister is still waiting for them to come home...and one U.S. Marshal is still on the case.

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This podcast was interesting because it informed me of the tragedy that has occurred in the Gulf of Mexico. The speaker, a scientist, has first-hand seen the dead zone and the non-existing life that occupies it. The speaker offers new incite into the causing of the dead zone and how it affects us. She also informs us of ways we can revive life in this 8,000 mile dead zone.

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TED Talks Daily by TED Talks on Apple Podcasts

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This podcast explores a personal story about sexuality and religion. It offers an insight into how one can feel torn about their contradicting sexuality and religion. The story is moving and goes through the existential crisis that the woman experiences when she develops a love for another woman.

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When Eve And Eve Bit The Apple | With Rachel Weisz

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Father and Son, Forced Apart at the Border

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Father and Son, Forced Apart at the Border

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This episode of The Daily describes a story of how a 5-year-old boy, Jose, is psychology affected after he's separated from his father at the border of the United States when they were fleeing from Honduras. Miriam Jordan, a guest speaker on The Daily and a writer for the New York Times, interviews the foster mom, Janice, about the mannerisms of the boy. After the separation, Jose experiences types of confusion about when he can see his father and why this has happened. He also experiences a sense of loneliness and is frequently seen grasping on to pictures he drew of his father, as if he's holding on to them for dear life. The Trump organization has been creating this separation of families at the borders and then accommodating new families for children who are in need of care.  A foster family will keep the child for a certain time and then will find another one to take in after the first child has left.  I think it's important for people to listen to this podcast because sometimes we can become apathetic to certain situations that don't concern us. However when placing a story with a devastating topic such as this, we can then see what this boy had to emotionally go through and this can help us better understand the severity of this situation.

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The Daily by The New York Times on Apple Podcasts

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This episode of Hidden Brain gives a short look into how our relationships with robots give insight into our interactions with people. I've seen and heard about scores of movies where machines gain sentience and society finds a way to adapt to, or remove, the issue. After listening to this podcast episode, that realm of science fiction doesn't seem so far off. From moral treatment of robots to the human perception of machines, the discussion in this episode is sure to leave you with food for thought.

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"Are you real?"

If you've seen the TV series Westworld, you may remember this line. A man named William has just arrived at Westworld, a sort of wild west theme park where people can interact with human-like robots.

We have some indication that we can measure people's empathy using robots, which is pretty interesting.

The host who greets him looks and sounds 100 percent human. But is she?

Her response when William poses this question: "Well, if you can't tell, does it matter?"

If you can't tell, does it matter?

People have been wrestling with this question since the advent of robotics. What would it mean to have machines that are essentially just like us? Will robots ever become fully conscious beings? And could they one day make us, their creators, obsolete?

This has been rich material for science fiction writers for years. But our fascination with robot sentience may be leading us to overlook a deeper, and equally intriguing question: Could robots fundamentally change the way humans engage not with robots... but with other humans?

This week, we grapple with that question in a special taping with Kate Darling of MIT's Media Lab at the Aspen Ideas Festival in Aspen, Colorado.
The Hidden Brain Podcast is hosted by Shankar Vedantam and produced by Maggie Penman, Jennifer Schmidt, Renee Klahr, Rhaina Cohen, and Parth Shah. Our supervising producer is Tara Boyle. You can also follow us on Twitter @hiddenbrain, and listen for Hidden Brain stories each week on your local public radio station.

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Can Robots Teach Us What It Means To Be Human?

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subscribe to Hidden Brain podcast "Are you real?" If you've seen the TV series Westworld, you may remember this line. A man named William has just arrived at Westworld, a sort of wild west theme park where people can interact with human-like robots.

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Vox's The Weeds: Can we get tough on rapists without being "tough on crime"? 

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Vox's The Weeds: Can we get tough on rapists without being "tough on crime"? 

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I think this topic of criminal justice reform is incredibly interesting when combined with the increasing rallying for harsher punishment of men in power, especially considering that both are advocated for by the same groups. Obviously, this social "me too" movement is extremely necessary and valid in it's aim against sexual assault, especially considering cases like the one involving Brock Turner, but we also must be conscientious of how we prosecute sexual assault, especially considering over-incarceration. Overall, this podcast was extremely interesting and thought provoking in considering the effects of actions preventing more cases like the Stanford Swimmer Rape Case, keeping more of a open ended type of discussion, rather than one set answer to a series of complex problems and contradictions.

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Can we get tough on rapists without being "tough on crime"? | Vox's The Weeds on acast

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Sarah, Dara and Matt talk about the recent recall of Judge Aaron Persky, the California judge who sentenced former Stanford University swimmer Brock Turner to six months when he was convicted of sexual assault in 2016.

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Interesting to hear about the inside lives and problems of extremely wealthy people

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TED Talks Daily: Is the world getting better or worse? A look at the numbers

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TED Talks Daily: Is the world getting better or worse? A look at the numbers

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This TED Talk focuses on the progress that the world has made over the years and how it has improved in issues concerning poverty, violence, and hunger among others despite how the media today highlights the extreme opposite and leads most to believe our world is coming to an end. It is great to listen to you're needing some optimism on life.
https://player.fm/series/tedtalks-audio/is-the-world-getting-better-or-worse-a-look-at-the-numbers-steven-pinker

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Although on the shorter side, this podcast caught my interest as it has musicians explain the creation of one of their songs. Music is something very important in my life, so what goes into the tunes that move me is fascinating to me. I had a hard time deciding which episode to share, but Gorillaz is my favorite band and the emotion behind the song I feel many people can relate to. I certainly do. Warning though, there is some cursing but not much.

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"Andromeda" (feat. D.R.A.M.)

Gorillaz is a creation of musician Damon Albarn and artist Jamie Hewlett. They're a virtual band made up four animated characters. The songs are written by Damon Albarn and a roster of collaborators. Since the first album was released in 2001, Gorillaz have sold over 16 million records worldwide. In this episode, Damon breaks down the song "Andromeda" from the 2017 Gorillaz album Humanz. The song features guest vocals by D.R.A.M., a rapper and singer whose own hit single, " Broccoli," went quadruple platinum in 2016. D.R.A.M. tells the story of how he got involved with this track, and Damon shares an exclusive clip of a scrapped version of the song with D.R.A.M. on lead vocals.

You can buy "Andromeda" and order the Gorillaz album Humanz on iTunes.
Illustration by Carlos Lerma.

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"Andromeda" (feat. D.R.A.M.) Gorillaz is a creation of musician Damon Albarn and artist Jamie Hewlett. They're a virtual band made up four animated characters. The songs are written by Damon Albarn and a roster of collaborators. Since the first album was released in 2001, Gorillaz have sold over 16 million records worldwide.

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"Champagne Sharks is a podcast that gives insights on current events, psychology, race, and social media." This is a podcast I've been listening to for a while now. I found this podcast through a friend who recommended me this episode because he said my opinions on Hamilton/Get Out sound very close to the hosts. I chose this episode because it's kinda his magnum opus of discussing black issues and the idea that "representation is not liberation."

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CS 003: Why I Hate Hamilton the Musical by Champagne Sharks

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My episode all about why I hate Hamilton the Musical. This is a double sized episode clocking in at over two hours, but we'll be back to 1 hour episodes from this point forward. Since I didn't post any episodes last week consider this making up for last week's missed episode.

Update: This is an edited version to fix sound issues that were there previously.

Link to the full notes at: http://champagnesharks.blubrry.net/003-full-show-notes/

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Hidden Brain - Hungry, Hungry Hippocampus

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Hidden Brain - Hungry, Hungry Hippocampus

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Neat podcast if you like food. Also has a funny title.

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Anyone who's tried (and failed) to follow a diet knows that food is more than fuel. The reasons we eat are even embedded in our language. When we're in an unfamiliar place, we yearn for comfort food. We take one too many scoops of ice cream because we stress eat. We connect to others by breaking bread.

Having spent decades studying the interplay between food, identity, and culture, psychologist Paul Rozin has come to appreciate that hunger isn't the only reason we head for the kitchen. He says, "Food is not just nutrition that goes in your mouth or even pleasant sensations that go with it. It connects to your whole life, and it's really a very important part of performing your culture and experiencing your culture."

When Muslims all over the world mark the end of Ramadan by eating sheer kurma or Dutch people ring in the new year by frying oliebollen, they're taking part in a ritual shared with millions of others. The food on the table creates an occasion to pull together friends, family, and communities.

This week on Hidden Brain, we dig into the culture and psychology that determines what we eat, what we spit out, and when we come back for more.
Resources:
Paul Rozin's website provides links to four decades worth of publications on food and psychology.
This episode was produced by Thomas Lu and edited by Tara Boyle. Hidden Brain is hosted by Shankar Vedantam and includes Parth Shah, Rhaina Cohen, Jenny Schmidt, Laura Kwerel, and Adhiti Bandlamudi. You can also follow us on Twitter @hiddenbrain, and listen for Hidden Brain stories on your local public radio station.

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Hungry, Hungry Hippocampus: Why and How We Eat

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subscribe to Hidden Brain podcast Anyone who's tried (and failed) to follow a diet knows that food is more than fuel. The reasons we eat are even embedded in our language. When we're in an unfamiliar place, we yearn for comfort food. We take one too many scoops of ice cream because we stress eat.

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As I was driving my nephew to camp this began to play, an atypical podcast that discusses how to talk to a dogs. A mix between a children's television show with an informational science broadcast, hopefully it brings back some childhood memories.

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Is that dog wearing glasses?! Guy Raz has a new four-legged friend, but he's having trouble bonding with him. Good thing Mindy knows the scientifically-proven very best way to talk to dogs! This week learn HOW in the world scientists figured out how to speak to dogs and WHAT in the world is the best way to say "Who's a good boy"? Join Mindy and Guy Raz to learn the Who, What, When Where, Why, How, and Wow in the World of canine communication!

MINDY THOMAS, HOST:

Hey, Wowzers. Before we start the show, I have some big, exciting news to spread. For the last few months, we here at Tinkercast and WOW IN THE WORLD have been tinkering away on a super-secret project with Highlights Magazine. And today, we finally get to tear down the big, invisible curtain of mystery, hush-hush things to reveal this one-of-a-kind podcast creation. We call it - drumroll, please...

(SOUNDBITE OF DRUMROLL)

THOMAS: ...The Highlights Hangout.

UNIDENTIFIED CHILDREN: Hurray.

THOMAS: For the first time ever, we're taking your favorite Highlights games, puzzles and characters off the page and putting them right into your ears. Plus, you'll get to hang out with our friends Tim Kubart and Juanita Anderson as they host the show. Here's a little taste of what you'll hear at the Hangout.

(SOUNDBITE OF TRUMPET)

TIM KUBART: Whoa, looks like we got some hang mail.

JUANITA ANDERSON: Cast the anchor.

KUBART: Start the engine.

JUANITA ANDERSON: Countdown in three, two, one.

KUBART: It's loading. It's loading.

JUANITA ANDERSON: Oh, I got it. I got it.

This sounds like a good message for Arizona.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

UNIDENTIFIED SINGER: (Singing) Ask Arizona.

UNIDENTIFIED CHILD #1: Ask me - Arizona.

KUBART: Do you know Hidden Pictures in Highlights Magazine?

JUANITA ANDERSON: Oh, Hidden Pictures. I love that section.

KUBART: If you like that, I've got a surprise for you. We have our very own Hidden Sound game in the Highlights Hangout. And someone's at the door. Oh, let me go get that.

UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As Goofis) Surprise. Hey, guys.

KUBART: Or you could just come right in.

UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As Goofis) Hey now, nice set up you got here.

UNIDENTIFIED CHILD #2: So, Goofis (ph), should we?

UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As Goofis) Should we what?

UNIDENTIFIED CHILD #2: Share that song we wrote.

UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As Goofis) Oh, yeah. (Scat singing).

ELIAS: What's up? My name's Elias (ph), and I have a wow-worthy question for the Highlights Hangout. Will the hole in the ozone layer repair itself?

GUY RAZ, HOST:

(Singing) There's a hole in the ozone, dear Elias...

THOMAS: Guy Raz...

RAZ: ...(Singing) dear children. There's a...

THOMAS: Guy Raz, the hole in the ozone is nothing to sing about. This is serious business.

RAZ: I know, Mindy. That's why I thought we could sing our response. You know, there is scientific evidence to suggest that music actually helps to boost our memories.

THOMAS: Oh, well, in that case, don't mind if I do. (Singing) There's a hole in the ozone, dear Elias. What happens next?

UNIDENTIFIED CHILD #3: The fizzle and sizzle made Izzy (ph) giggle. The fizzle and sizzle made Izzy giggle. The fizzle and sizzle made Izzy giggle.

THOMAS: The Highlights Hangout is here. Find it the first Monday of every month, starting now on Apple Podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts.

UNIDENTIFIED PEOPLE: I like to hang out.

(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "THE GOLDEN AGE (WOW IN THE WORLD PODCAST THEME SONG)")

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: Stay seated. Three, two, one, ignition.

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #2: Get ready for an adventure of magnificent proportions.

THE POP UPS: (Singing) I don't know what you've been told, but we're in a golden age - so many discoveries that are jumping off the page. Wow in the world. Wow in the world. Wow in the world. Wow in the world. Wow in the world. Wow in the world. Wow in the world. Wow in the world. Wow in the world.

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #3: With Guy and Mindy.

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #1: We're on our way, Houston.

RAZ: Well, I have to say I was feeling a little apprehensive about having you stay here for a whole week, but, you know, any friend of Eleanor's is a friend of mine.

(SOUNDBITE OF DOG WHINING)

RAZ: Now, I know you must be homesick. And I want you to know that those feelings are valid, but I'm going to do everything I can to make you feel comfortable and content while you are here. If you'll follow me, you'll see that I've got your room all set up. I've got a brand-new hypoallergenic mattress on the bed, some tools for cognitive stimulation. Oh, and I left you some sparkling water in that bowl over there on the floor.

(SOUNDBITE OF DOORBELL)

RAZ: Coming.

(SOUNDBITE OF DOG BARKING)

RAZ: Whoa.

(SOUNDBITE OF DOORBELL)

RAZ: I'm coming. Ah, slow down. You're going to crash...

(SOUNDBITE OF CRASH)

RAZ: ...Through the door.

THOMAS: Whoa. Hey, boy. Hey, where did you come from?

RAZ: Oh, my beautiful door.

THOMAS: Who's a good boy? Who's a good boy?

RAZ: Well, I see you've met Beardsley, Mindy.

THOMAS: Sorry, Guy Raz. I thought I heard a dog over here. But by the way you were talking to it, I figured you were probably just recording a new podcast or something. Isn't that right, Beardsley?

(SOUNDBITE OF DOG BARKING)

THOMAS: Isn't that right? Was Guy Raz talking to you like you were a guest on a podcast?

(SOUNDBITE OF DOG BARKING)

THOMAS: Yes, he was. Yes, he was. (Unintelligible).

RAZ: Well, Beardsley is actually my friend Eleanor's dog.

(SOUNDBITE OF DOG BARKING)

RAZ: She asked me to dog-sit while she went to Paris.

THOMAS: She asked you to dog-sit?

RAZ: Yeah. Well, why do you sound so surprised?

THOMAS: Well, for one, you send me back home every time I come to your house wearing a Chewbacca costume and covered in a flea circus.

RAZ: OK. OK. First of all, no human should ever be covered in fleas. And second of all, there is not a single flea to be found on Beardsley because we just got back from the groomer's, and...

THOMAS: Hold the phone, Guy Raz.

RAZ: What?

THOMAS: Let me see your glasses.

RAZ: Ah, Mindy, don't take my glasses off.

THOMAS: Are your eyes on my eyes deceiving me, or did you and Beardsley get matching hair cuts?

RAZ: So what if we did?

THOMAS: Man, are you getting Beardsley matching glasses and a matching tweed jacket, too?

RAZ: Well, actually, the glasses should be here in about five business days, and we're getting him fitted for a jacket this afternoon. I found a place that does reinforced elbow patches for dogs.

THOMAS: Guy Raz, why are you trying to turn a dog into a furry version of yourself?

RAZ: Do you really want to know the reason, Mindy?

THOMAS: Do I really want to know the reason, Guy Raz?

RAZ: Well, it's because I've been trying to bond with Beardsley all morning long, and nothing seems to work.

THOMAS: Oh. Hmm, well, what have you done?

RAZ: Oh, you know, the usual bonding techniques. I asked him about his family, shared some of my hopes and dreams. I played two truths and a lie. We did a few trust falls.

THOMAS: And so what happened?

RAZ: Well, he just walked away and fell asleep.

THOMAS: Well, I'm sorry to have to be the one to tell you this, Guy Raz, but you're kind of doing this whole bonding with the dog thing all wrong.

RAZ: Yeah. I guess you're right. We probably should have just skipped all the small talk and gone right to pedicures. By the way, do dogs have toenails?

THOMAS: Guy Raz, I'm not talking about pedicures. I'm talking about - about - well, here, let me just show you.

RAZ: Mindy, you have a pet pigeon. What do you know about...

THOMAS: Who's a spicy, little, furry meatball? You are. Yes, you are. Let me rub that chubby, bunny little belly of yours. You're so cute and delicious. I could just eat you up. Yes, I could. Yes, I could. I could just put you in a hot dog bun and eat you up.

RAZ: Mindy, stop. You cannot eat Beardsley.

THOMAS: What?

RAZ: I'm dog-sitting for him, Mindy. He's on loan. I can't tell my friend Eleanor that my friend went off the rails and ate her dog on a bun.

THOMAS: I wasn't going to eat her dog, Guy Raz.

RAZ: But you just said that...

THOMAS: I say a lot of crazy things. It doesn't mean that I mean them.

RAZ: But...

THOMAS: It's psychology, Guy Raz.

RAZ: Psychology - you mean the science of mind and behavior?

THOMAS: Yeah. And in this case, the mind and behavior of humans and dogs and what behaviors make them feel close - or bonding.

RAZ: So let me get this straight - telling a dog you're going to eat it will make it feel closer to you?

THOMAS: OK, let's just move on from the whole eating the dog thing, OK?

RAZ: Gladly.

THOMAS: And let's focus more on how I was talking to Beardsley.

RAZ: Like a clown mixed with a dolphin mixed with an ice cream truck?

THOMAS: Wow, that is oddly specific, but yeah.

RAZ: I'm not sure I'm following.

THOMAS: OK. So as you noticed, I was talking in a high-pitched, rhythmic baby voice, right?

RAZ: Yeah, I think even the neighbors noticed that, Mindy.

THOMAS: And I was saying things like, who's a good boy and...

RAZ: And I could just put you in a hot dog bun and eat you all up.

THOMAS: Guy Raz, again, let's move on from the hot dog eating stuff, OK?

RAZ: But you said...

THOMAS: I know what I said. But what I want to focus on is why I was talking to Beardsley that way.

RAZ: And that has to do with psychology, or the science of mind and behavior?

THOMAS: You're picking up what I'm putting down, Guy Raz.

RAZ: Whew.

THOMAS: OK, so I just read about this new study from researchers at the University of York psychology department. And what they wanted to find out was whether or not the way humans talk to their pets had anything to do with how they were able to bond with them.

RAZ: So kind of like how people tend to baby talk when they're trying to communicate with babies?

THOMAS: Exactly like that. And there's even a name for that baby talk that grown-ups use. It's called infant-directed speech.

RAZ: Oh, right. I think we've known for a while that talking to babies in that high-pitched, baby-talk voice actually helps babies to learn how to speak and how to bond with their grown-ups.

THOMAS: You got it. So knowing this, these researchers set out to discover whether the same was true for dogs and other pets.

RAZ: So they wanted to know if baby-talking to a dog helps to form a stronger bond between the dog and its owners.

THOMAS: Yeah, basically. Their mission was to find out whether or not how humans talk to their pets and if what they say matters when it comes to bonding with them.

RAZ: So this must have been an interesting experiment - a bunch of scientists in a laboratory baby-talking to dogs?

THOMAS: Anything for science, Guy Raz.

RAZ: So how did they do it? I mean, how did they conduct the experiment?

THOMAS: Well, I could tell you.

RAZ: Yeah?

THOMAS: But I'd rather show you. Come on. Let's go find a bunch of dogs.

RAZ: Mindy, I...

THOMAS: Ah, just trust me. Beardsley, you can come, too. Come here, boy. Come here, boy.

RAZ: Yeah, OK. You know, I was just about to - whoa.

THOMAS: Looks like Beardsley is walking you, Guy Raz. Hey, wait up, you two. Run, run, run, run, run, run, run. Beardsley, sit.

RAZ: Mindy, untie me from this leash.

THOMAS: How did you get yourself all tangled up in this leash?

UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character) Oh, wow, those are cute dogs. Are they twins?

RAZ: (Growling).

THOMAS: Oh, oh, thank you. Well, this one is actually a...

RAZ: I'm a human.

THOMAS: He's a human-dog.

UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character) Oh, gross. Never mind. Ew, probably has abstract thoughts.

RAZ: (Groaning) Mindy.

THOMAS: Get back up on your hind legs, Guy Raz. Beardsley, you get back down on your four legs. You're confusing people. Let me just untangle this leash here. I can't take you two anywhere. Guy Raz, you're the human. Beardsley, you're the dog. The human walks the dog, not the other way around. You got it? OK, so now that we've got that under control, we're just going to need, like, 20 more dogs.

RAZ: Mindy, that's a bad...

THOMAS: Free dog walking for sale. Come and get your dog walked. Free dog walking for one and for all. You got a dog? Are you a dog? Come and get walked.

RAZ: What in the...

THOMAS: Thank you. Thank you very much. Thanks. I'll have him back in 10 minutes. Thank you. Oh, she's a real live wire, this one. Thanks. Have a great time. We'll meet you back here in a few. Oh, and we're also going to stop by our laboratory to conduct a quick and totally safe experiment. OK, bye.

RAZ: Mindy...

THOMAS: Well, ready to head back to the lab, Guy Raz?

RAZ: No.

THOMAS: OK, let's just see how many dogs we have here. One, two - did I already count that one? - three, four - 24. OK. All right. Now you take a dozen, and I'll take a dozen, plus Beardsley.

RAZ: Are you sure this is a good idea, Mindy?

THOMAS: Yes, of course I'm not sure this is a good idea, Guy Raz. Come on. We've only got 10 minutes until I have to return all these dogs.

RAZ: OK.

THOMAS: Here we...

RAZ: Wait. Wait up, Mindy. Wait for me.

THOMAS: ...Go - whoa, whoa, whoa.

(SOUNDBITE OF DOGS BARKING)

THOMAS: OK, here we are. Now, you hold onto these leashes, Guy Raz, and I'll hold the lab door open. Single-file line, you little, four-legged furballs (ph). After you, after you, after you - hi - after you, after you, after you, after you, after you, after you, after you. There. I think we got them all inside. Wait, where's Beardsley?

(SOUNDBITE OF DOG BARKING)

THOMAS: Wow, I hardly even recognized you in those glasses. You really are starting to look like Guy Raz's furry, four-legged twin.

RAZ: Beardsley, give me back my glasses. I can't see anything.

THOMAS: Beardsley, give him back his glasses. Thank you. Good dog. Good dog. Good little furry, little, spicy, little meatball, you.

RAZ: So now what, Mindy? I can hardly hear myself think. Are you sure that this is what the researchers did when they conducted this experiment?

THOMAS: Yes, I am not sure that this is what the researchers did when they conducted this experiment.

RAZ: So what's the first step?

THOMAS: Well, we've already accomplished the first step, and that is to get into a room with a bunch of dogs.

RAZ: Are you sure they used this many dogs?

THOMAS: No, I think you might have overdone it.

RAZ: Me?

THOMAS: OK. Everyone, I'm going to need everyone to stop their yapping.

RAZ: And stop breaking all my lab equipment. This stuff is expensive.

THOMAS: (Yelling) Sit. Stay.

RAZ: Wow, I can't believe that really worked, Mindy.

THOMAS: I know. Me neither.

RAZ: OK, so now what?

THOMAS: So the first thing I'm going to do is observe - or watch and learn - from the way the dogs react to the way you talk to them, OK?

RAZ: Why do I have to do the talking?

THOMAS: OK. So first thing I'm going to need you to do is say a bunch of dog-related things, like who's a good boy? And, were you digging in the trash again?

RAZ: OK, I think I got this. Excuse me, dogs, I have a few questions I'd like to pose to you.

THOMAS: Guy Raz, just get to the questions. I'm ready to observe.

RAZ: Right, right. Who's a good boy? Were you digging in the trash again?

THOMAS: No, not like that.

RAZ: What?

THOMAS: You need to say it in that high-pitched, baby voice - you know, your dog-directed voice. Try again.

RAZ: You know, on second thought, let's just get these dogs back to their owners.

THOMAS: Come on, Guy Raz, you can do it. Come on now, little buddy.

RAZ: (In high-pitched voice) Who's a good boy? Who's been digging in the trash? Whoa. Whoa. Whoa. Whoa. Whoa.

THOMAS: Oh, Guy Raz, they all seem to really love you.

RAZ: Yeah, they really do, don't they? You know what they say about a dog being a guy's best friend.

THOMAS: OK. Now, everyone, heel. Sit. Stay.

RAZ: Thanks for that.

THOMAS: Sing. Make me a sandwich.

RAZ: OK, so what's next?

THOMAS: So now it's your turn to observe me while I speak to these dogs in an adult-directed voice and using adult-directed words, OK?

RAZ: OK.

THOMAS: Hello, dogs. I enjoy competitive cornhole. I'm thinking about refinancing my home mortgage. I was once mistaken for a land otter. OK, what are you observing, Guy Raz?

RAZ: Well, the same thing you are, Mindy. The dogs look pretty confused.

THOMAS: OK, so what did we learn from this experiment?

RAZ: That there's such a thing as competitive cornhole?

THOMAS: No, with the dogs. What did we learn from observing the dogs' reactions to our different ways of talking to them?

RAZ: Oh - oh, right. Well, it was pretty obvious to me that most of those dogs seemed to bond a lot more with me after I talked to them in that high-pitched baby voice.

THOMAS: Right. And that was exactly what these researchers observed when they conducted their own experiment like this. OK, you ready for the next one?

RAZ: There's more?

THOMAS: Yeah. I told the owners that we'd have their dogs back in, like, 10 minutes.

RAZ: OK, what's next?

THOMAS: Now we're going to shake things up.

RAZ: Oh, no. Mindy, Beardsley's hardly even able to sit and stay. I don't know if he's ready to learn to shake yet.

THOMAS: So the next question the researchers had was, do dogs react to what we say or how we say it?

RAZ: So in that case, we should probably do some swapping. I'll use my high-pitched, dog-directed voice. Only this time, I'll say nondog-related things.

THOMAS: You got it, little buddy - grown-up things but in a baby voice. Go for it.

RAZ: OK, here goes. (In high-pitched voice) Who wants some kale salad with freshly grated parmesan? Who's a good congressional candidate?

THOMAS: Good job, Guy Raz. Now, I'm going to use my adult-directed voice and say dog-related things, OK?

RAZ: OK, I'm ready to observe.

THOMAS: Let me smell your puppy breath. Do you have to poop? Do you have to poop? Get off that mail carrier.

RAZ: Huh, that was odd, Mindy. These dogs still look confused.

THOMAS: OK, so now let's observe who the dogs want to sniff more now.

RAZ: Huh, they're not moving, Mindy. It seems like they're not interested in either one of us now. I guess it's safe to say that dogs respond most to high-pitched baby talk, especially when the person is also saying words that make sense to dogs.

THOMAS: Yeah. And that's what these researchers discovered in their own experiments, as well.

RAZ: That when it comes to dogs, it not only matters what you say but also how you say it. And, Mindy, I'm assuming that this research could really come in handy for people like veterinarians and animal rescue workers.

THOMAS: Exact-oritos (ph), Guys Raz. But they found that speaking to dogs in dog-directed speech or baby talk while saying dog-directed things, or things that dogs can kind of understand, was especially important when it came to adult dogs.

RAZ: And what about puppies?

THOMAS: Well, they found that puppies also responded to baby talk the most, but it didn't seem to matter what these researchers were actually saying to them.

RAZ: So they could say something like (in high-pitched voice) always remember to floss your teeth and brush for two minutes. Ah, Mindy, get these puppies off of me.

THOMAS: Wait, stay still. I'm trying to snap a pic to post on my Face Face (ph). Guy Raz, stop wiggling. Ah, there, got it. A little fuzzy, but I guess that'll do. Who wants a puppy treat?

RAZ: I do. I do. I want a puppy treat.

THOMAS: No, not you, Guy Raz. I'm trying to save you from the puppies.

RAZ: Wait. Wait. Is that my organic, free-range, grass-fed...

THOMAS: Where's the beef? Where's the beef? Oh, yeah. Where's the beef? Where's the beef?

RAZ: My beautiful steak.

THOMAS: OK, Guy Raz, we've got to get these dogs back to their owners. Hop on this sled.

RAZ: Sled? Oh, no, Mindy.

THOMAS: It's an urban dog sled. I invented it. Now, hold on tight because here we - whoa.

RAZ: Whoa.

UNIDENTIFIED CHILD #4: WOW IN THE WORLD will be right back. Grown-ups, this message is for you.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

UNIDENTIFIED CHILD #4: That's it. Back to the show.

(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "THE GOLDEN AGE (WOW IN THE WORLD PODCAST THEME SONG)")

THE POP UPS: (Singing) Wow in the world.

(SOUNDBITE OF PHONE DIALING)

THOMAS: Hi. Thanks for calling WOW IN THE WORLD. After the beep, get ready to record.

(SOUNDBITE OF BEEP)

EDEN: Mindy and Guy Raz, my name is Eden (ph), and I'm 6 years old. And I live in Graywood (ph), Australia. And my wow is that platypuses are venomous, and I want to be a biologist when I grow up. Bye, Mindy and Guy Raz. Love your show.

(SOUNDBITE OF BEEP)

ROSE: Hi, my name is Rose (ph). I'm from Chattanooga, Tenn. And my wow in my world is that everything is made out of atoms.

(SOUNDBITE OF BEEP)

LEAH: Hi, Mindy and Guy Raz. My name is Leah (ph). I'm 9 years old, and I live in San Francisco, Calif. My wow in the world is that dolphins sleep with one eye open. Bye. I love your show.

(SOUNDBITE OF BEEP)

GABBY: Hi, my name is Gabby (ph). I'm 7 years old. I live in Boulder, Colo. And my wow is that my grandpa, Neil Armstrong, was the first one who stepped on the moon. I love your show. Bye.

(SOUNDBITE OF BEEP)

ELISE: Hello. My name's Elise (ph), and I live in Virginia. I am 8 years old, and my wow in the world is that a lion's mane jellyfish is as long as a blue whale. Bye.

(SOUNDBITE OF BEEP)

LUCAS: Hi, Mindy and Guy Raz. My name's Lucas (ph). I'm 5 years old. And my wow in the world is that I ziplined 2.4 miles, and then I - it got me underwater but not on my head. Bye. I love your show, dudes.

(SOUNDBITE OF BEEP)

LARA: Hi, Mindy and Guy Raz. My name is Lara (ph), and I'm 5 years old, and I come from New York City. And my wow in the world is there are more bacteria in the human mouth than there are people in the world. Bye, Mindy and Guy Raz.

(SOUNDBITE OF BEEP)

ROSIE AND LUCIA: Hi, Mindy and Guy Raz.

ROSIE: My name is Rosie (ph).

LUCIA: And my name is Lucia (ph).

ROSIE: My age is 8.

LUCIA: And mine is 10.

ROSIE: We live at East Coventry, PA.

LUCIA: And our wow in the world is that whales have the biggest brain we know.

ROSIE AND LUCIA: Bye, Mindy and Guy Raz. We love your show.

ROSIE: And P.S., Reggie's awesome.

UNIDENTIFIED CHILD #5: Hey, Google, hang up.

(SOUNDBITE OF BEEP)

UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #4: End of messages.

THOMAS: Hey, everyone, thank you so much for joining us this week on WOW IN THE WORLD.

RAZ: And if you want to keep the conversation going, check out some of the questions we've posted on this episode at our website wowintheworld.com.

THOMAS: And, grown-ups, there, you can find more details on how your kids can become part of the World Organization of Wowzers. Lots of cool perks - exclusive T-shirts, autographed pictures of us and a bunch of other cool stuff - wowintheworld.com.

RAZ: Our show is produced by Jed Anderson...

THOMAS: Say hello, Jed.

JED ANDERSON: Yello (ph).

RAZ: ...With help from Thomas van Kalken, Chelsea Ursin and Jessica Boddy. Meredith Halpern-Ranzer is the big boss.

THOMAS: Our theme song was composed and performed by The Pop Ups. You can find more of their awesome, all-ages music at thepopups.com.

RAZ: And, parents and teachers, if you want to send us an email, our address is hello@wowintheworld.com.

THOMAS: Grown-ups, you can also find us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram at @wowintheworld.

RAZ: And if you want to be featured at the end of the show, call us up and tell us your wow in the world.

THOMAS: Our phone number is 1-888-7-WOW-WOW. That's 1-888-7-WOW-WOW.

RAZ: And, parents, if you want to upload any photos or videos or messages to us, please visit wowintheworld.com and find a link where you can do just that.

THOMAS: And if you haven't already done so, please subscribe on Apple Podcasts or however you get your podcasts. Leave us a few stars and a review. And be sure to tell a friend about the show. Until next time, keep on wowing.

(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "THE GOLDEN AGE (WOW IN THE WORLD PODCAST THEME SONG)")

THE POP UPS: (Singing) Wow in the world. Wow in the world. Wow in the world. Wow in the world. Wow in the world.

UNIDENTIFIED CHILD #6: WOW IN THE WORLD was made by Tinkercast and sent to you by NPR.

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Is that dog wearing glasses?! Guy Raz has a new four-legged friend, but he's having trouble bonding with him. Good thing Mindy knows the scientifically-proven very best way to talk to dogs! This week learn HOW in the world scientists figured out how to speak to dogs and WHAT in the world is the best way to say "Who's a good boy"?