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retrotranscriptase is an enzyme present in retroviruses, which is used in genetic engineering to obtain DNA from RNA samples.
Construct a DNA molecule of double strand from RNA.
-primer makes a complementary DNA copy to the RNA chain
- then the RNA and the DNA are separated and from DNA-polymerase a complementary chain is created to the one of the DNA, and thus a new DNA molecule is originated

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Another process of genetic manipulation is the vectors. A vector is called what would be a replica of the genetic material within the host cell. This makes it possible to have multiple copies of DNA, which provides a large amount of reliable genetic material with which we can work.

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Agrobacterium: A Plant Gene Transfer Vector

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The methods of genetic manipulation that are used are very complex and are adapted to the needs of each case:
1.One of the techniques used by genetic engineering is based on the use of the restriction enzymes(ECO RI). These enzymes have the ability to recognize a specific DNA sequence and extract it from the rest of the chain. Another kind of enzymes, ligases, are used to put DNA back into the core of cells. Basically the restriction enzymes work like a "DNA scissors" while the ligases make "glue" to insert the DNA.

In this way it is possible to cut the section of DNA that is desired and reinsert it into another organism, or in another part of the DNA chain.

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Niels: personaly I think it is a good idea to cure diseases with genetic engineering, but we have to be carfull because if you change to much the DNA code you can become a new specie, so in my opinion it is okey to cure diseases with genetic engineering but we have to be responsible and only use genetics with serious things, for example if someone wants to have wings be can´'t do that.
María: I think there is no problem at all if we become another specie we are always evolving and there is no problem in accelerating the fact of evolving in some way
Jan: in my opinion diseases should be cured by other ways because playing with the genetic code is very dangerous we are talking about malformation or making the disease more dangerous.
Lucía: I'm more likely to the opinion of Maria but to a certain point because we can't beging and play with the genetic code this could create strange problems. But I kind of think it is a good idea to cure diseases with genetic engeeniering.
José: in my opinion I thing that humanity has an exploring mind witch is always expanding and we have to let our minds fly so I would say don't fear just do it.

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1. Identify an organism that contains a desirable gene.
2. Extract the DNA fron the organism
3. Remove this gene from the rest of the DNA. One way to do this is by using a restriction enzyme.
4. Insert the new gene to an existint organism's DNA

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We are a group of students (Jan, José, María, Lucía and Niels), in this padlet we are arguing about if we will be the same specie after being modified with genetic engineering. We thought that if we want to give our opinion about this argue we have to be informed about what  genetic engineering is and how it is done. After the more theoretical part of the padlet each of us gives our opinion and we say the for and against about this moral topic. After doing all this we have all arrived to a conclusion.

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-Attack and eliminate diseases.
-Get rid of diseases in young children and fetuses.
-Longevity increased.

Against

-Is it ethical?
-It can lead to genetic defects.
-It would limit genetic diversity.
-Overpopulation

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The direct manipulation of organism's genes using biotechnology.