# data[].attributes.body
the action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.

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the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985.

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the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries.

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The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989.

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The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989.

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Berlin Wall

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international organization formed in 1945 to increase political and economic cooperation among its member countries.

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What were the causes and consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union?

# data[].attributes.subject
What were the causes and consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union?

# data[].attributes.body
Soviet economic collapse

• Nationalism in Warsaw Pact countries

• Tearing down of Berlin Wall

• Breakup of the Soviet Union

• Expansion of NATO

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What were the causes and consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union?

# data[].attributes.subject
What were the causes and consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union?

# data[].attributes.body
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) vs. Warsaw Pact

• Korean War

• Vietnam War

• Berlin and significance of Berlin Wall

• Cuban Missile Crisis

• Nuclear weapons and the theory of deterrence

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The Yalta Conference and the Soviet control of Eastern Europe

• Rivalry between the United States and the U.S.S.R.

• Democracy and the free enterprise system vs. dictatorship and communism

• President Truman and the Policy of Containment

• Eastern Europe: Soviet satellite nations, the Iron Curtain

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What were the international cooperative organizations created after WWII? 

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What were the international cooperative organizations created after WWII? 

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United Nations

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• Warsaw Pact

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• Established and adopted by members of the United Nations

• Provided a code of conduct for the treatment of people under the protection of their government

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How did the Allies promote reconstruction of the defeated powers

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How did the Allies promote reconstruction of the defeated powers

# data[].attributes.body
Democratic government installed in West Germany and West Berlin

• Germany and Berlin divided among the four Allied powers

• Emergence of West Germany as economic power in postwar Europe

Efforts for reconstruction of Japan

• United States occupation of Japan under MacArthur’s administration

• Democracy and economic development

• Elimination of Japan’s military offensive capabilities; guarantee of Japan’s security by the United States

• Emergence of Japan as dominant economy in Asia

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Nuremberg Trials

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Loss of empires by European powers

• Establishment of two major powers in the world: The United States and the U.S.S.R.

• War crimes trials

• Division of Europe, Iron Curtain

• Establishment of the United Nations

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

• Marshall Plan

• Formation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Warsaw Pact