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Elizabeth was the  third of Henry’s children to inherit the throne, she was to reign for much longer than her half-brother and half-sister. Her coronation on January 15th 1559.

On 24th March 1603 Elizabeth I died, she reigned for 44 years as a very popular queen.She had no children, and therefore no direct heir to the throne, she was the last Tudor monarch.

Elizabeth could understand several languages English, Latin, Greek, Italian, French, Spanish, Welsh and even Cornish.

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Finally, it was Elizabeth’s turn. The third of Henry’s children to inherit the throne, she was to reign for much longer than her half-brother and half-sister.

Her coronation on 15th January 1559

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In 1515 Charles came of age as duke of Burgundy  and assumed rule over the Netherlands.

In October 1520 Charles was accordingly crowned king of Germany in Aachen .

His domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometers, and were the first to be described as “the empire on which the Sun never sets.”

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Nicolaus Copernicus went to four universities including the University of Krackow, the University of Bologna, the University of Padua, and the University of Ferrara.

By 1508 Nicolaus Copernicus had begun to create his model of the planetary system, suggesting the sun instead of our earth was the center of the universe.

Copernicus finished the first manuscript of his book ,”on the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres"in 1532.

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Kepler played a key role in the scientific revolution that took place in the 17th century, addinng a number of scientific breakthroughs including his greatest work named laws of planetary motion.

Kepler went to the University of Tübingen where he studied philosophy, excelled in mathematics, and went further in astronomy skills and even found time to create horoscopes for other students.

In the year 1594 Kepler became a lecturer in astronomy and mathematics at the Protestant School in the city of Graz, Austria.

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Galileo became  interested in optics and astronomy, and in the Year of 1609 he built his first telescope and began making observations.

Galileo's telescopes that he made had a magnification glass  of about 30x.

Galileo taught mathematics, first privately in Florence and then during 1585-86 at Siena where he had public appointments.

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Isaac built  a study in his family house and  filled a thousand page notebook with his drawings, writings, mathematical derivations and notes to himself.

Newton first studied Aritostal and then he purposefully set aside these works and inscribed a quote from Aristotle that read “Plato is my friend, but truth my greater friend.”
Newton began experimenting with light and studying optics.

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In the year if  1642, the year he fled from London with the court, he was made doctor of physic at Oxford.

His experiment talked about  the incorrect belief that the liver was the source of blood movement. He instead showed the world that the heart formed the centre of blood circulation and it was through it that arteries and veins circulated the blood to the body and the brain.

At  the age of 24, Harvey graduated as a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Padua on 25 April 1602.

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As well as writing Leviathan, Hobbes also wrote translation of greek writings and wrote a number of Latin works.

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Locke's greatest philosophical work "An essay concerning Human Understanding" is generally seen as defining work of seventeenth century empiricist epistemology and metaphysics.

John Locke wrote more than 3 essays oe in which he speaks about Questions and concerning the law of nature.

He became secretary of the board of trade ad plantations and also served as a secretary of Lords and properties of the Carolinas

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He theorized that climate conditions within a particular society can greatly influence the character of the society.

Montesquieu best known work is "De lesprit des lois"(the spirit of laws)

He was elected fellow of The Royal Society.

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Rousseau wrote seven operas , he also blended the Baroque style of music with classical.

His most famous musical was "Le devin du village".

Rousseau said

"That man as a salvage in a natrual society without any political hierarchy is as god as an animal, which is neither god nor bad".

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Voltaire was exiled jn 1715 to Tulle for making fun of the regent of the Orleans.

Voltaire passed away in his sleep after returning to Paris in 20 years.

Voltaire was against athiesm and materialism as expressed by Helvetius and Hobach