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Symptoms- the symptoms of sickle cell disease are ''Normally, red blood cells are disc shaped and flexible to move easily through the blood vessels. If you have sickle cell disease, your red blood cells are crescent or “sickle” shaped. These cells do not bend or move easily, and can block blood flow to the rest of your body.

The blocked blood flow through the body can lead to serious problems, including stroke, eye problems, infections and episodes of pain, called pain crises. Having sickle cell disease also raises your risk for severe illness from COVID-19''

Prevalence- in the years there are less than 200,000 cases in the united states and it it carried throw-out kids teen and adults its rare for new born kids and uncommon for toddlers children and teenagers and for seniors it is extremely uncommon

treatment- the treatment for this disease  taking different types of medicines to stop or slow down the spread of this disease it can also take away the pain the patient might be going threw and prevent infections or any organ damage

Geographic Distribution- In roughly 365 African Americans one is found with the disease and every 1 out of 16,300 Hispanics American can be found with the disease and 1 in every 13 black or African American babies may carry the disease

Is gender a risk factor for these diseases?-The sickle cell disease is not a gender related disease because it is transmitted as a autosomal recessive disorder

References
Data & Statistics on Sickle Cell Disease | CDC

What is Sickle Cell - Sickle Cell Speaks

◦Sickle Cell Disease | Sickle Cell Anemia | MedlinePlus

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What is Sickle Cell Disease?

Sickle cell disease affects red blood cells. It's a genetic trait. That is, it is passed on in the same manner that people inherit their parents' eye, skin, and hair colors. Both parents must carry the sickle cell gene for a child to inherit it. Sickle cell is not communicable and there is no way to catch it. It's something you're born with.

Symptoms

·         Infections, pain, and fatigue are symptoms of sickle cell disease.

Prevalence

·         Rare (ages 0-2) babies Toddlers (ages 3-5): Children (6-13 years old): Teenagers (14-18) are uncommon, as are young adults (19-40). Adults (41-60) are uncommon, and Seniors (60+) are extremely uncommon. Sickle cell disease is a genetic blood illness that affects about 8% of African Americans.

Geographic Distribution

·        SCD affects roughly one in every 365 Black or African American babies born. SCD affects roughly 1 in every 16,300 Hispanic American babies born. Sickle cell trait affects about 1 in every 13 Black or African American infants.

Treatment

The drug Oxbryta is used to treat sickle cell disease in adults. Treatment includes medication such as pain medications to ease discomfort, prevent infections, reduce organ damage, and control complications.

Is Gender a risk factor?

The Sickle Cell disease is not gender-related since it is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder

Sources:
What is Sickle Cell - Sickle Cell Speaks

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Sickle Cell Disease                                               ASHLEY PRADO

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Sickle Cell Disease                                               ASHLEY PRADO

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Symptoms

The symptoms of this disease are getting a yellowish color in the skin or whites of the eyes, fatigue or fussiness because of anemia, painful swelling of the hands and feet, develop leg ulcers, shortness of breath, avascular necrosis, a cute chest syndrome, eye damage, pain crises by an injury to a bone, muscle or internal organs.

Prevalence

Each year, there is less than 200,00 incidents in the United States. This condition affects just a small percentage of toddlers, children, teenagers, and adults.

Geographic Distribution

This disease affects to about 100,00 Americans. Occurs to 1 out of every 365 Black or African American births.  It can also occur to 1 out of every 16,300 Hispanic American births. About 1 in 13 African American or Black babies can be born with this sickle cell disease.

Treatment

The treatment of this disease are medicines, to prevent the sickling of red blood cells, to reduce Vaso-occlusive and pain crises. Transfunsions are to prevent sickle cells disease complications. Giving Blood and Bone marrow transplant is the only cure for sickle cells, but it doesn’t go for everyone. Having therapy can be another treatment for this disease.

Is gender a risk factor for these diseases?

The sickle cell isn’t a gender related since it is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder.

References

Data & Statistics on Sickle Cell Disease | CDC

Sickle Cell Disease - Treatment | NHLBI, NIH

Symptoms - Sickle Cell Speaks

Frontiers | Gender-Related Differences in Sickle Cell Disease in a Pediatric Cohort: A Single-Center Retrospective Study | Molecular Biosciences (frontiersin.org)

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The symptoms of Huntington disease are

Chorea - Involuntary jerking or writhing movements, Tremors, Rigidity or contracture of muscles, Slow or abnormal eye movements, Impaired gait, posture, and balance, Difficulty with speech and/or swallowing Cognitive disorders, Problems with organizing, prioritizing, or retaining focus on tasks, Getting stuck on thoughts, behavior, or action, Lack of control over impulses,  Being unaware of one's own behaviors, Inability to process thoughts, Difficulty in learning new information and finding words to speak, Dysgraphia, Psychiatric disorders, Depression and/or mania, Irritability, Social withdrawal, Insomnia, Fatigue, Suicidal thoughts or tendencies, Apathy.

The Prevalence of Huntington disease are

Incidence and Prevalence of Huntington's Disease Experts estimate that one in every 10,000 persons-nearly 30,000 in the United States-have Huntington's disease

Huntington’s diseases Geographic distribution

According to the source Most scholars believe that European migration was what brought HD alleles into the continents of North America, South America, Australia and New Zealand, and the prevalence of HD in these regions is now like that of Europe, where HD affects around 40-100 per million people.

Treatment for Huntington’s diseases

Huntington’s disease is not curable, but treatments include medications, therapies, and lifestyle changes to help the patient cope with the condition.

Is gender a risk factor for these diseases?

Huntington’s disease results from a gene defect inherited from parents so no it is not a gender a risk factor for Huntington’s disease.

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◦Cystic Fibrosis is a rare inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body. When someone has CF, they have a faulty protein that affects the body’s cells, tissues, and the glands that makes mucus and sweat. Which are normally slippery but Cystic Fibrosis makes it thick and sticky that can build up and lead to blockages.

◦SYMPTOMS: The symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis depends on which organs are affected and how severe it is. Symptoms can very from patient to patient. Some may experience few to no symptoms while others can experience life-threatening symptoms. Cystic Fibrosis most commonly affects the lungs. Some people who have CF may experience wheezing and coughing up mucus or blood.

◦PREVALANCE:  Cystic Fibrosis is a rare condition. There are fewer then 200,000 US cases per year. Cystic Fibrosis is more common within the white population in the United States. CF occurs in 1 in 2,500 to 3,500 white newborns. It is less common in other ethnic groups, affecting about 1 in 17,000 African Americans and 1 in 31,000 Asian Americans.

◦GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION:  The cystic fibrosis gene is most common in Caucasian of northern European descent. In comparison with other continents, Europe is reported to have the highest level of CF.
◦TREATMENT-  There is no know cure for Cystic Fibrosis. Treatments are for helping people live longer, healthier life but it’s not a cure. The treatment is focused on clearing the airway. Medicines are for improving the function of the faulty CFTR protein and prevent complications, and surgery, if needed.

◦Cystic Fibrosis is NOT gender linked. It affects both female and male. CF is called an autosomal recessive genetic disease.
◦Source

◦https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/cystic-fibrosis

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Symptoms: the symptoms that Huntington’s disease causes are movement disorder, and the symptoms of Huntington’s disease is brain damage and behavior problem and depression and much more.

Prevalence

Huntington’s disease is not prevalence, but it occurs one in every 10,000 people.

Geographic distribution

Huntington disease does not really have a Geographic distribution, it is something that just can occur here and there and affect the brain on adults though. Huntington’s disease makes you lose control of your own movements, starts up emotional problems and make them go mixed and downhill and it can also make you lose focus easily and not be able to stay focus on one thing.

Treatment

There not really a treatment that can cure Huntington disease but there is medicine that can lessen the course of Huntington disease. Such as, Antidepressants, Antipsychotic drugs, Mood-stabilizing drugs.

Is gender a risk factor for these diseases?

Huntington disease is something that inherited and could passed down to parents and continue from there. There is no gender risk factor for this disease because it is equally mutable and divides through both gender and all genders can affect. Although in lots of cases, you would hear lot of men with cases of aggression then women because the justice system a little messed up, in both parts it is not okey in general and it should not normalize.
Make sure you cite your sources

www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/huntingtons-disease/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356122

www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/159552.php

Read more on medlineplus.gov

www.healthcommunities.com/huntingtons-disease/overview-of-huntingtons.shtml

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What is it? Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disorder where it affects the lungs but also the digestive system. What it does is it creates a mucus which causes blockages in the lungs but also in the digestive system which would lead to serious problems. How it affects the lungs is it makes it harder for the individual to breathe, and for the digestive system, the mucus builds up in there and that causes the individual to absorb the nutrients not properly. This disorder can be passed to offspring if one of the parents have it.

What are the symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis? Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis is Salty tasting skin, a cough that doesn’t go away, it often has a thick mucus or  potentially blood, wheezing or shortness of breath, frequent lung or sinus infections, and poor growth or weight gain in childhood.

Prevalence: It’s a very rare genetic disorder, approximately 35,000 people have it in the United States, but it could potentially be more than that.

Geographic distribution: In the United States, there around approximately 35,000 people who have it. In the UK (United Kingdom) around 10,500 people have it, and in Canada, around 4000 people have it.

Is gender a rick factor for these diseases?  There is no gender risk factor, both female and male have the same chances of contracting this genetic disease.

Treatment: Cystic Fibrosis cannot be cured, but there are treatments to make it less worse such as medicine, therapy to clear out the mucus in the lungs, and in some cases, lung transplants.

Sources: Cystic Fibrosis | CDC , Fast Facts About Cystic Fibrosis (healthline.com)

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◦Symptoms: pain area in the joints, pain in the chest, the whole body can feel dizzy, fatigue, lower oxygen, or malaise. Inability to make concentrated urine, delayed development, and inflamed fingers or toes.

◦Prevalence: Fewer than 200,00 US cases per year. Its rare for babies, toddlers, children, teenagers, adults, and seniors to get affected by this disease.

◦Geographic distribution: This diseases occurs among 1 out f every 365 Black or African American births. It also occurs in 1 of 16,300 Hispanic American births.

◦Treatment: treatment can help like medications, blood transfusions, and a rarely bone marrow transplant but this condition can't be cured.

◦Is gender a rick factor for these diseases? The incidence of sickle disease is not gender-related since its transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder.

◦References: What is Sickle Cell Disease? | CDC

◦Sickle Cell Disease | Johns Hopkins Medicine

◦Sickle Cell Disease | Sickle Cell Anemia | MedlinePlus

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Sickle Cell Disease (By: Destiny Johnson)

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Sickle Cell Disease (By: Destiny Johnson)

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What is it?

Sickle cell is a red blood cell disorder. It is inherited. That means that it’s passed down the same way people get the color of their eyes, skin, and hair from their parents. For a child to inherit sickle cell, both parents need to carry the gene for it. There is no way to catch sickle cell and it is not contagious. You are born with it.

Symptoms

·         Infections, pain, and fatigue are symptoms of sickle cell disease.

Prevalence

·         Babies (0-2): rare, Toddlers (3-5): rare, Children (6-13): rare, Teenagers (14-18): rare, young adults (19 – 40): rare, Adults (41-60): rare, Seniors (60+ years): very rare. Sickle cell is an inherited blood disorder that affects approximately 8 percent of African Americans.

Geographic Distribution

·         SCD occurs among about 1 out of every 365 Black or African Americans births. SCD occurs among about 1 out of every 16,300 Hispanic American births. About 1 in 13 Black or African American babies is born with sickle cell trait.

Treatment

Oxbryta is indicated for the treatment of sickle cell disease in adults. Treatment relieves pain, prevents infections, minimizes organ damage, and controls complications and can include medication such as pain relievers

Is Gender a risk factor?

The Sickle Cell disease is not gender-related since it is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder

Sources:
What is Sickle Cell - Sickle Cell Speaks

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Cystic Fibrosis affects cells that make mucus, sweat and digestive fluids. These fluids are thick in CF patients and cause the blockage of ducts throughout the body leading to a range of symptoms. The lungs and digestive system are the main areas that are affected. Symptoms may appear soon after birth or in early childhood. In rare cases, they are not manifested until adulthood. CF is the most common inherited disease in white populations. Prevalence is 1 in 2,500 newborn infants, with calculated carrier frequency of 1 in 25. Just over 10,000 people were recorded as having CF in the 2013 UK CF Registry. The only risk factor is a family history of the condition (patient.info). approximately 2000 known variants for the CF gene have been reported [ 4]. The geographic distribution of 272 CF mutations from 29 European countries and three countries from the north of Africa was studied by considering the origin of 27,177 CF (europepmc.org). Cystic fibrosis cannot be cured. Several treatment options are available to help manage symptoms and reduce complications. Though incurable, medications can help in managing symptoms. However, as advancements in therapies have improved life expectancy, this gender disparity has been challenged (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov).

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Symptoms:

·  Anemia or decreased number of RBCs and oxygen

·  Irritability or fussiness in babies

·  Severe fatigue or tiredness

·  Frequent episodes of pain, also known as crises, in different parts of the body

·  Swelling of hands and feet, associated with pain

·  Frequent infections

·  Delayed growth noted in children and adults

·  Vision problems

Prevalence:

·        Affects approximately 100,000 Americans

·        SCD occurs among 1 out of 365 African American births

·        Occurs among 1 out of every 16,300 Americans

Geographic distribution:

·        The sickle cell gene is now known to be widespread, reaching its highest incidence in equatorial Africa, but occurring also in parts of Sicily and Southern Italy, Northern Greece, Southern Turkey, the Middle East, Saudi Arabia, especially the Eastern Province, and much of Central India

Treatments:

Medication

·         Analgesics: To reduce pain during crises. Ibuprofen

·         Antimetabolite: Reduces episodes of pain; it is also said to stimulate production of normal hemoglobin. Hydroxyurea

·         Amino acid: Reduces acute complications of the disease.  L-glutamine

Procedures

·         Bone marrow transplantation: Also known as stem cell transplant, the therapy involves introducing healthy bone marrow stem cells from a donor.

Therapy

·
Intravenous therapy:Rehydration with intravenous fluids.

·         Oxygen therapy:Given through a mask to improve breathing.

Selfcare

·         Use hot pads to relieve pain.

·         Drink plenty of water.

·         Exercise regularly.

·         Get the child vaccinated as per the doctor’s recommendations.

Nutrition

·         Foods to eat:

·         Foods rich in folic acid:

·         e.g. green leafy vegetables, legumes, orange juice, and fortified cereals.

·         Foods rich in calcium:

·         e.g. low-fat or fat-free milk, yogurt, and cheese, leafy green vegetables and calcium-fortified Foods such as soymilk, orange juice, and tofu.

·         Foods to avoid:

·         NA

Is gender a risk factor?

·       The incidence of sickle cell disease is not gender-related since it is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder. However, there have been reports of sex related differences in SCD mortality and morbidity in adult patients.

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The symptoms are Huntington's disease usually causes movement, cognitive and psychiatric disorders with a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms. Which symptoms appear first varies greatly from person to person.

The causes of Huntington's disease is caused by an inherited defect in a single gene. Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder, which means that a person needs only one copy of the defective gene to develop the disorder.

The prevalence of the Huntington's disease, Experts estimate that one in every 10,000 persons—nearly 30,000 in the United States—have Huntington's disease. Juvenile Huntington's occurs in approximately 16 percent of all cases.

Huntington's disease shows a striking geographic prevalence and aggregation among residents of thewestern coast of Lake Maracaibom, Zulia State, Venezuela (Negrette 1962; Avila-Girón 1973; Wexler et al. 2004). This population has the dubious honor of having the highest known frequency of carriers worldwide.

Huntington disease (HD) affects both men and women of all ethnic groups. However, the frequency of the condition in different countries varies greatly. [1] In general, it affects about 3 to 7 per 100,000 people of western European descent.

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Huntington's Disease is a condition that leads to progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain that affects movement, cognitive functions, and emotions.

Symptoms of Huntington's Disease

Huntington's Disease causes disruptions in the brain, motor function and emotions. For example:

Movement Disorders

Uncontrollable jerking

Tremors

Rigidity or contracture of muscles

Abnormal eye movements

Impaired gait, posture, and balance

Difficulty with speech and/or swallowing

Cognitive Disorders

Problems with organizing, prioritizing, or retaining focus on tasks

Getting stuck on thoughts, behavior, or action

Lack of control over impulses

Being unaware of one's own behaviors

Inability to process thoughts

Difficulty in learning new information and finding words to speak

Inability to write

Psychiatric Disorders

·         Depression and/or mania

·         Irritability

·         Social withdrawal

·         Insomnia

·         Fatigue

·         Suicidal thoughts or tendencies

·         Apathy

PREVALENCE

Huntington’s Disease is rare, fewer than 200,000 cases per year in United States. Huntington's disease occurs in three out of every 100,000 and cases of Huntington's Disease occur in about 5 to 10% of all diagnosed cases, making it very uncommon.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
There are about 900-1,200 New Jersey residents with Huntington’s disease.

The disease itself is affecting about 30,000 people in the United States

TREATMENT

Huntington’s Disease does not have a cure, but treatments include medications, therapy and adaptation to help the patient cope with the condition.

Medications:

·         Tetrabenazine and Amantadine are drugs used to treat involuntary and writhing movements.

·         Fluoxetine and Sertraline are antidepressants to treat depression.

·         Antipsychotic drugs like Olanzapine are used to reduce symptoms of mood disorders and psychosis.

·         Mood-stabilizing drugs such as Valproate and Carbamazepine are prescribed to manage symptoms of bipolar disorder.

Therapies:

·         Psychotherapy

·         Speech and physical therapy

·         Physical therapy

·         Occupational therapy

IS GNEDER A RISK FACTOR FOR THIS DISEASE?

Yes, a study determining the gender effects on phenotype and disease progression in patients with Huntington’s disease, resulted in the discovery that there is a more severe phenotype and faster rate of progression in women with Huntington’s disease.

REFERENCES:
She's studied Huntington's disease all her life. Now, she's opening up about her own battle with the disease. (advisory.com)

Department of Health | Chronic Disease Programs | Huntington's Disease (nj.gov)
The influence of gender on phenotype and disease progression in patients with Huntington's disease - PubMed (nih.gov)

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Symptoms:

·         Persistent cough with phlegm

·         Postnasal drip

·         Salty tasting skin

·         Wheezing

·         Shortness of breath

·         Sinusitis

·         Inability to exercise

·         Male infertility

·         Repeated lung infections

·         Foul-smelling, bulky greasy stools

·         Poor growth and low body weight despite a good appetite

·         Blockage in the intestinal especially in newborns

·         Diarrhea/constipation

Treatments:

·         antibiotics: Given in the form of inhaled therapy to improve lung function by impeding growth of bacteria.

·         Tobramycin · Colistin · Aztreonam

·         Anti-inflammatory drugs: To prevent inflammation in the airway passage.

·         Ibuprofen

·         Mucus thinners: To help patients cough up mucus and improve lung function.

·         Acetylcysteine

·         Bronchodilators: To open up and relax muscles around the brochia (lungs).

·         Albuterol · Salmeterol

·         Medical procedures: Bronchoscopy and lavage · Bowel surgery · Lung transplantation

·         Therapies: Breathing exercises · Chest physical therapy · Enzyme replacement therapy · Oxygen therapy

Distribution:

·         Cystic fibrosis patients generally have larger volumes of distribution (Vd) for many antibiotics, including the aminoglycosides and many β-lactam agents, owing to lower fat stores and an increased ratio of lean body mass to total body mass compared with the non-CF population. (https://www.medscape.com/)

Prevalence:

·         CF is the most common inherited disease in white populations. Prevalence is 1 in 2,500 newborn infants, with calculated carrier frequency of 1 in 25. Just over 10,000 people were recorded as having CF in the 2013 UK CF Registry. The only risk factor is a family history of the condition. (https://patient.info/)

Is gender a risk?

·         The genetic mutation for cystic fibrosis occurs on chromosome 7 and is not impacted by gender. The severity of symptoms related to cystic fibrosis, however, does vary in men and women. In particular, girls with cystic fibrosis have more difficulty with meeting growth milestones and experience more lung-related problems compared to boys. (https://health.howstuffworks.com)

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What is Cystic Fibrosis?
Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disorder where your lungs and digestive system is clogged. It can be passed down from parents to offspring for generations.
Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis
There are many symptoms of cystic fibrosis, some consist of persistent cough with phlegm, postnasal drip, wheezing, shortness of breath, salty tasting skin, male infertility, foul smelling, bulky stool, poor growth and low body weight even with a good appetite, blockage in the intestinal and lung infections.
Prevalence of Cystic Fibrosis (How Common)
Cystic Fibrosis is a very rare disorder. There are fewer than 20,000 cases per year in the U.S. In New jersey  there is about only 1,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Cystic Fibrosis is typically noticed very young and more than 70% of patients are diagnose by the age of 2.
Geographic Distribution
Over the years Germany has had the highest number of CF patients, the number being 6835 cases in one year. Italy led the 2nd highest with 5065 CF patients in one year.
Treatment
Cystic Fibrosis cannot be cured. However, there are many medications used to help with this disorder. Tobramycin, Colistin, and Aztreonam are used to improve lung function. Most of these medications are usually given in the form of inhaled therapy. Ibuprofen is prescribed to prevent inflammation in the airway passage. Acetylcysteine is also used as a mucus thinner.
Gender Risk Factor
Both female and male are subject to Cystic Fibrosis. However, there is evidence to show that females with it have a worse prognosis. Females have a higher mortality rate for CF.
Sources
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc
www.cfsourcehcp.com
thebreathefoundatiom.org

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Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic disorder that causes problems with your breathing and digestion. When your mucus is to think and sticky it begins to block your airways possibly leading you to lung damage. CF prevents proteins needed for digestion, decreasing the bodies ability to absorb the food you've eaten nutrients.
It has affected over 35,000 people in the U.S.
Symptoms: If you ever maybe notice that you have a salty tasting skin or if you're out of breathe and wheezing. Whether you're frequently having lungs and sinus infections or poor growth and weight gain as a kid you should probably go get tested for Cystic Fibrosis.
Prevalence:
1 in every 29 Caucasian- American
1 in every 46 Hispanic- American
1 in every 65 African- American
1 in every 90 Asian- American
1 in every 2,500 newborn baby
Geographic Distribution: There are many distributions of the Cystic Disease in the Northwest, More in Central Europe and in the north.
Treatment: There are medicines as in Aztreonam which can help improve your raspatory symptoms , Lumacaftor which helps kids 2 years old + who are homozygous, Dornase Alfa which helps you improve your pulmonary function. You can also use therapy to clear the mucus out of your lungs or even if it gets worse, you'll need lung transplant.
Gender Pick: it affects men worse than it affects women men are more likely to experience pancreatic issues than women where the men do not supply enough enzymes to their intestines to digest correctly.
www.raraediseases.info.hih.gov/Diseases
www.cdc.gov/genomics/diseases
Gender Differences in Outcomes of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis - PMC (nih.gov)
How Are Men and Boys Affected by Cystic Fibrosis? (cystic-fibrosis.com)

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WHAT IS IT?

Sickle cell is a red blood cell disorder. It is inherited. That means that it’s passed down the same way people get the color of their eyes, skin, and hair from their parents. For a child to inherit sickle cell, both parents need to carry the gene for it. There is no way to catch sickle cell and it is not contagious. You are born with it.

SYMPTOMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE:

Symptoms of Sickle cell disease include things like, anemia, fatigue, and bone problems. Signs of this disease in babies are swelling in the hands and feet, continuous amounts of infections, and anemia.

PREVALENCE:

Sickle cell disease isn’t too common but there is a wide variety of people in the U.S with Sickle cell. About 100,000 people in the U.S have Sickle cell disease. African descended people make up 90% of the population with sickle cell as to the U.S.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:

The disease is mostly seen in tropical areas, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, India, and the Middle East, but it can also be found in the Mediterranean.

TREATMENT:

Sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait are both diagnosed with something as simple as a blood test. Analgesics reduces the pain during a crisis such as ibuprofen.
Amino acid reduces complications of the disease, and Antimetabolite
reduces episodes of pain. it is also said to stimulate production of
normal hemoglobin such as Hydroxyurea.

IS GENDER A RISK FACTOR FOR THIS DISEASE?

The incidence of sickle cell disease is not gender related since it is transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder. Sickle cell disease is genetic. To have it, children must get 2 faulty genes, one from each parent. The disease is most common in people of African descent.

SOURCES: Understanding Sickle Cell - Sickle Cell Speaks

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Geographical distribution of Sickle Cell Disease (Kemely J. 

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Geographical distribution of Sickle Cell Disease (Kemely J. 

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Geographical Distribution

The disease is mostly seen in tropical areas, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, India, and the Middle East, but it can also be found in the Mediterranean.

The difference between Sickle Cell Disease and Sickle Cell Anemia is that sickle cell disease has a number of clinical manifestations, whereas sickle cell anemia is one of such manifestations.

Difference Between Sickle Cell Disease and Sickle Cell Anemia | Compare the Difference Between Similar Terms

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Cytosis Fibrosis:                                          Cresly Gonzalez

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Cytosis Fibrosis:                                          Cresly Gonzalez

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Meaning: Is an inherited disorder that causes digestive system, damage the lungs, and other organs in the body.

Symptoms: It affects the cells that make mucus, sweat and digestive fluids. It can include cough, repeated lung infections, fatty stools, and inability to gain weight.

Prevalence: Cystic fibrosis prevalence is 1 in 25,00 newborn infants with calculated carrier frequency of 1 in 25. It affects African Americans and Asian Americans.

Geographic distribution: There is a distribution of CF more dramatic in northwestern, central Europe, and in northern. It is more prevalent in Europe, Australasia, and America.

Treatments: They are no cure but some treatments to reduce this complications and improve quality of life prevent and control infections that occur in the lungs, treating and preventing intestinal blockage, remove and loosening mucus from the lungs, and provide adequate nutrition.

In this disease both males and females are affected approximately 30,000 people in the United States has been diagnosed with this condition. The gene that causes cystic is recessive. Female gender proved to be significant risk factor for death. The only risk factor for getting CF is having two parents who carry abnormal CFTR genes.

Sources:

definition of cystic fibrosis - Google Search

symptoms about cystic fibrosis - Google Search

prevalence of cystic fibrosis - Google Search

geographical distribution of cystic fibrosis - Google Search

treatment of cystic fibrosis - Google Search     Cystic fibrosis - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic

which gender is at risk factor for cystic fibrosis disease - Search (bing.com)

in gender a rick factor for cystic fibrosis diase - Search (bing.com)

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Huntington Disease is a disease that is a condition that slowly kills the nerve cells in the brain that affects movement, human emotions, and simple functions in the body. This disease has been widely researched and has affected over 200,000 people yearly, this can be handed down and inherited if you have a past member that indeed had this condition. Some symptoms are tremors, Rigidity or contracture of muscles, and even small jerks from time to time. If you were to be experience some of these symptoms than you shouldn’t wait any longer because the condition needs to be urgently taken care of. This disease is worldwide and can happen anywhere, “Huntington's disease suggest that its worldwide prevalence varies widely. (NIH)” Huntington is a deadly disease since there is no treatment, “Huntington’s disease is not curable, but treatments include medications, therapies, and lifestyle changes to help the patient cope with the condition.”

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Prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease (By: Kemely J.

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Prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease (By: Kemely J.

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Sickle cell disease is rare (Fewer than 200,000 cases per year in the US),
Currently the SCD prevalence is increasing in Europe and other Western countries, mainly because of globalization and human migration. The frequency of SCD carriers in Europe is 1 subject on 150 in the general population

Because Sickle Cell Disease is an autosomal recessive illness, its incidence is not exactly gender related.

Frontiers | Gender-Related Differences in Sickle Cell Disease in a Pediatric Cohort: A Single-Center Retrospective Study | Molecular Biosciences (frontiersin.org)

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Treatment & Self care of Sickle Cell Disease  (By: Kemely Julien

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Treatment & Self care of Sickle Cell Disease  (By: Kemely Julien

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Treatment

For some sickle cell disease patients, a blood and bone narrow transplant is the only treatment option. The goal of treatment, which includes drugs and blood transfusions, is to manage symptoms and prevent crises.

Medication

-         Analgesics: to reduce pain during crises. Ibuprofen

-         Antimetabolite: Reduces episodes of pain; to stimulate production of hemoglobin. Hydroxyurea

-         Amino acid: Reduces acute complications of the disease.
-  Crizanlizumab-tmca

Self-Care

-         Use hot pads to relieve pain

-         Drink plenty of water

-         Exercise regularly

Sickle Cell Disease - What Is Sickle Cell Disease? | NHLBI, NIH

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Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease   (By: Kemely Julien

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Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease   (By: Kemely Julien

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Sickle cell disease symptoms differ from person to person and fluctuate over time. Symptoms may appear over time, depending on how sickle cell disease affects a person's life. Sickle cell illness can cause serious and sometimes fatal health issues.

Early symptoms are:

-         Extreme tiredness or fussiness

-         Painful swelling of the hands and feet, known as dactylitis.

-         A yellowish color of the skin, known as jaundice, or whites of the eyes, known as icterus, that occurs when a large number of red cells undergo hemolysis.

-         Frequent infections

Sickle Cell Disease - What Is Sickle Cell Disease? | NHLBI, NIH

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Symptoms of Sickle are Anemia, vision problems, frequent infections, swelling of hands and feet, delayed growth or puberty.

Prevalence of Sickle are there is 7 billion people in this earth almost 8 billion out of those amounts of people 100 million of them have sickle cell disease it might not sound like a lot but it’s a big significant number but you can say that its not that uncommon to find someone. In America only 100 ,000 people have it with 1 in every 365 black or African American births or 1 out of 16,300 Hispanic- American births.

That is the Global distribution of the sickle cell gene in the world.

A treatment that very well know is stem cell transplant is when they replace the infected bone marrow that has sickle cell disease and replace it with a new healthy bone marrow.

There really isn’t a certain gender that the sickle cell prefers and its mostly even in both genders.

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Sickle cell disease is a collection of inherited red blood cell disorders that damage hemoglobin, the protein responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. Your red blood cells are crescent or "sickle" shaped if you have sickle cell disease. These blood cells are stiff and difficult to bend and move, obstructing blood flow to the rest of your body.

Sickle Cell Disease - What Is Sickle Cell Disease? | NHLBI, NIH

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Huntington’s disease is a rare inherited condition. This disease causes parts of the brain to break down and lose some normal functions. Another word for it is Huntington chorea. A family history of Huntington’s disease is usually the strongest clue that you may have it, on the other hand, 1% to 3% of an individual with Huntington’s disease have no family history. There are two subtypes of Huntington’s Disease. There is Juvenile Huntington’s disease and Adult-onset Huntington’s disease. Adult-onset Huntington’s disease is more common, people who usually develop this are in their mid-40s and 50s. Juvenile Huntington’s disease is very rare, it happens on children and teenagers. Kids with this may develop problems with schoolwork, their symptoms are very similar to Parkinson’s disease.

This disease affects both men and women. It effects all people of all ethnic groups. However, it mostly affects people of western Europe.

Symptoms:

·         Huntington’s disease share symptoms with man other diseases. Some symptoms of the Huntington Disease are that it affects movements, some movement disorders are, involuntary jerking or writhing movements, muscle problems, abnormal eye movement, impaired gait (like it affects posture or balance), and difficulty with speech or even swallowing. Each of these symptoms have their own specific names. Not only does this affect movement but it also affects cognitive, which means that it affects a person mentally. For example, getting stuck on thoughts, behavior, or actions, lack of control over impulses, being unaware of your own behavior, having difficulty in learning new information, having problems with organizing or staying focused etc. Another symptom of this disorder is psychiatric disorder. It can cause depression, suicidal thoughts, fatigue, irritability, etc.

Prevalence:

·         This disease is a rare disease. Per year there are fewer than 200,000 cases in the United States. In Europe, Huntington disease affects an estimated 3 to 7 per 1,000 people. In other populations this disorder is less common. This includes, Japanese, Chinese, African descent.

Geographic Distribution:

·         Huntington’s disease has a notable regional incidence and aggregation among residents of Zulia State, Venezuela’s western coast of Lake Maracaibom. Geographically, the global Huntington’s disease therapeutics market is distributed over North America, Europe, APAC, and Latin America. North America though dominates the global market due to increased awareness about the disease. In the market, the U.S. holds the largest market share.

Treatment:

·         Currently there are no cure for Huntington’s disease, they are currently not curable. On the other hand, doctors are able to treat your symptoms and improve the quality of your life. Huntington’s disease is able to be treated by medications, therapies, and lifestyle changes to help an individual to cope with the disease.

References:
- Understanding AUSTEDO® (deutetrabenazine) tablets for HD Chorea Treatment
- Huntington disease | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program (nih.gov)
-Major Symptoms Of Huntington's Disease - HealthPrep.com

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary disease that causes mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract. It affects both men and women equally.
Symptoms:
cystic fibrosis include a greater salt content in perspiration, a severe cough with thick mucus, difficulty breathing, and regular lung infections, among others.
Treatment:
Medicines, mucus-clearing therapy, and, in certain situations, lung transplantation are among available treatments for cystic fibrosis.
Prevalence & Geographic distribution:
CF affects roughly 35,000 people in the United States, and it is one of the most frequent genetic disorders among white people, occurring in one out of every 3,200 live births. African Americans, Asian Americans, and Hispanics are the groups with the lowest rates. Cystic fibrosis is more prevalent in New York City than in New Jersey.

Sources:
https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/disease/cystic_fibrosis.htm
https://cystic-fibrosis.com/statistics

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Sickle Cell Disease (By: Leimary Arvelo)

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Sickle Cell Disease (By: Leimary Arvelo)

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What is Sickle Cell Disease?
Sickle Cell Disease is a disease caused by a defect in a gene. Red blood cells are in a sickle shape. The cell than dies early leaving a shortage of healthy red blood cells.
(Mayoclinic.org)

Symptoms
Some symptoms of Sickle Cells Disease are random pains, swelling of hands and feet, delayed growth of puberty, vision problems, and more.
(Mayoclinic.org)

Prevalence and Geographic Distribution
Sickle Cell Disease "affects approximately 100,000 Americans. SCD occurs among about 1 out of every 365 Black or African-American births. SCD occurs among about 1 out of every 16,300 Hispanic-American births. About 1 in 13 Black or African-American babies is born with sickle cell trait“
(Cdc.gov)