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Pamphlet warning of rabies⁷.

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What happens when you get Rabies⁹?

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1. Josua Joubert, u17016976

2. Brenodon Fourie , u17004129

3. Marnus Geldenheys, u17004617

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1. Plotkin S, Orenstein W, Offit P. Plotkin's vaccines 7th ed[Internet]. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2018[2018/04/23]. Available from ClinicalKey:

https://www-clinicalkey-com.uplib.idm.oclc.org/#!/content/book/3-s2.0-B9780323357616000493

2. Coleman P, Fèvre E, Cleaveland S. Estimating the Public Health Impact of Rabies. Emerging Infectious Diseases [Internet]. 2004 [cited 23 April 2018];10(1):140-142. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/atricles/PMC3322764/
3.  Cote A, Guagliardo S, Tran C, Said M, Pickens V, Musgrave K et al. Notes from the Field: Assessing Rabies Risk After a Mass Bat Exposure at a Research Facility in a National Park — Wyoming, 2017. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report [Internet]. 2018 [cited 23 April 2018];67(10):313-314. Available from: http://https:/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857193/
4. Rabies [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2018 [cited 23 April 2018]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/
5. Rabies Elimination in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa [Internet]. Who.int. 2015 [cited 23 April 2018]. Available from: http://www.who.int/rabies/control/KZN_Project_Summary_150317.pdf
6. JACKAL RABIES IN THE KWAZULU-NATAL MIDLANDS [Internet]. Kzndard.gov.za. 2016 [cited 23 April 2018]. Available from: http://www.kzndard.gov.za/images/Documents/AnimalHealth/AnimalDiseases/Jackal-Rabies-in-the-KwaZulu-Natal-Midlands.pdf
7. Kwazulu-Natal Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. Warning of a new spike of Rabies in KZN [Internet]. 2018 [cited 23 April 2018]. Available from: http://www.kzndard.gov.za/images/Documents/IMAGES/Rabies-Advert_264-x-200_Eng_.jpg
8. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention | Institute for Work & Health [Internet]. Iwh.on.ca. 2015 [cited 23 April 2018]. Available from: https://www.iwh.on.ca/what-researchers-mean-by/primary-secondary-and-tertiary-prevention
9. What Happens When You Get Rabies? Gross Science[YOUTUBE].Published on 20 Jul 2017.[cited 23 April 2018] Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiUUpF1UPJc
10. THE KWAZULU-NATAL PROVINCE IS INTENSIFYING THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE SPIKE OF RABIES [Internet]. Kzndard.gov.za. 2017 [cited 23 April 2018]. Available from: http://www.kzndard.gov.za/images/Documents/Media_Statements/2017/The-KwaZulu-Natal-Province-is-intensifying-the-Campaign-against-the-Spike-of-Rabies.pdf
11.Mkhonza T. Five cases of human rabies diagnosed in South Africa | IOL News [Internet]. Iol.co.za. 2018 [cited 24 April 2018]. Available from: https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/gauteng/five-cases-of-human-rabies-diagnosed-in-south-africa-13643644

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4. What role do you play as a citizen and future doctor in this intervention? How could you support this?

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4. What role do you play as a citizen and future doctor in this intervention? How could you support this?

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It is my duty as a citizen to ensure that my dogs are vaccinated and to alert the people in my neighborhood to vaccinate their dogs as well. In addition, I will also ensure that stray dogs are rescued, preventing possible hosts of rabies from spreading it to other dogs in the community. I must also ensure that my children are vaccinated against rabies at the appropriate age. It is also my responsibility to inform the people in my community, at least my neighbors, about the importance of vaccinating their children.

As a future doctor, being a medical student, I must provide education about rabies and vaccination in communities at risk for a rabies epidemic. I should alert community healthcare workers that I encounter through my studies to have the dogs in the community vaccinated, leaving them with the appropriate information to perform the intervention. I must also educate them to be on the lookout that all children are vaccinated against rabies.

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3. What is the evidence for causation between your selected intervention and the health concern that it is trying to address/solve? 

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3. What is the evidence for causation between your selected intervention and the health concern that it is trying to address/solve? 

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According to the World Health Organization dogs are responsible for 99% of all transmission of rabies to humans⁴. Although the vaccination drive has only been implemented in the last few months there is significant prove that it will be effective as they had a previous similar intervention that reduced the rabies cases in Kwazulu-Natal to 0⁵.With the previous intervention in which they implemented the same tactics as our chosen intervention they managed to reduce the rabies related deaths in Kwazulu-Natal from more then 9 a year to 0 between the years 2007 and 2014⁵. Based on that evidence of effectiveness we may deduce that this intervention will also be successful if implemented properly.

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1.What health concern is your selected intervention trying to address/solve? How big is the health concern in South Africa and/or globally?

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1.What health concern is your selected intervention trying to address/solve? How big is the health concern in South Africa and/or globally?

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1. Our chosen intervention has been implemented to combat rabies in the human population¹. According to the World Health Organization rabies can be defined as a vaccine-preventable viral disease which occurs in more than a 150 countries and territories⁴.

Annually rabies causes the death of tens of thousands of people ( 59 000 human deaths ) globally, with deaths primarily occurring in Asia and Africa².  The latest statistics show that 5 rabies cases where reported in KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa since December 2017¹¹.

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KwaZulu-Natal mass dog rabies vaccination drive and education of vulnerable population¹⁰.

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2.What level of prevention would you consider it to be? Why/not?

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2.What level of prevention would you consider it to be? Why/not?

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The chosen intervention includes both the vaccination of dogs  as well as the education of the vulnerable population of KwaZulu-Natal on the dangers, transmission and the prevention of the spread  of rabies.
The education of the population group on the subject of rabies can be seen as PRIMORDIAL and PRIMARY PREVENTION as it works on a population level and not only on an individual level⁸. By educating the public on the dangers of rabies as well as the methods of prevention and the importance of reporting new cases the number of rabies cases in the population as a whole can be greatly reduced⁸.
The vaccination of the dogs against rabies is seen as PRIMARY INTERVENTION as it works more on an individual level⁸. By vaccinating the dogs it prevents the spread of rabies from the dogs to the owners of the dogs as the dog can no longer transmit the virus to a individual by biting them. The goal of the intervention is to reduce the size of the host population, by immunising infected and uninfected dogs, which has proven to limit the transmission of rabies between dogs and ultimately from dogs to humans. Thus it protects the individual from contracting the rabies virus.