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This article breaks down the definition and characteristics of intellectual disability. It is characterized by limitations in two areas. These areas are in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Intellectual functioning refers to intelligence or mental capacity. Adaptive behavior consists of a variety of everyday skills that includes conceptual, social and practical skills. Evidence of this disability should be seen before the age of 18, and assessments often determine these limitations in individuals.

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This video is a follow up from source 1. This video also breaks down an intellectual disability being characterized by significant limitation. An IQ test measures intellectual functioning and is a very common testing method. A score around 70-75 indicates that there is limitation in this area. The video then gave examples of adaptive behavior. Conceptual skills consists of reading, writing, and money concepts. Social skills include obeying laws, interactions with other people and self-esteem. Lastly, practical skills are everyday activities.

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Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities 

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Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities 

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This link gives a list of different strategies to use when working with students that have intellectual disabilities. For learning and academics some strategies include repeating directions or instructions frequently, allowing more time for tests and quizzes, and intermixing easier tasks with more difficult tasks. The next section provides strategies to help with socialization. This includes involving the student in group activities and clubs, modeling tolerance and acceptance, and providing daily social skill instruction. The next section is in communication. Some strategies are speaking directly to the student and encouraging participation is class activities and discussions. The next section is in daily living and strategies include breaking down/ task analyzing skills into steps and teaching material in relevant contexts. The last section lists strategy in behavior. This includes creating a "calming or sensory area" and ensuring that students know each day's schedule and can reference the schedule throughout the day.

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This article defines a learning disability, options for seeking help and how to detect the signs for a learning disability. 2.3 million students are diagnosed with SLD and receive services under IDEA. Unfortunately as children grow into adults, it does not go away. There is no cure. Many adults even have undetected learning disabilities. A learning disability interferes with an individual's ability to store, process, or produce information. If you suspect your child is having learning difficulties, don't delay. Seek help immediately. Most teachers will be willing to meet your child's needs and provide support.

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Special Education- Learning Disabilities 

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Special Education- Learning Disabilities 

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This video goes a little bit more into detail about what a learning disability is. It is an umbrella term for a wide variety of learning problems. Children with these disabilities are just as bright and smart as their peers, but their brains are wired differently. They often have difficulty with organizational skills and social interaction with others. There is also difficulty in processing speed, memory. attention etc. Some learning disabilities include ADHD, dyslexia, and visual processing disorder. As a teacher you can accommodate students by allowing them to use computers and providing them with separate work areas. These are just some of the accommodations teachers can use.

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Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities

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Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities

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There are many successful strategies for teaching students with learning disabilities. Some intervention practices include direct instruction, learning strategy instruction, and using a simultaneous structured multi-sensory approach. Teachers who apply these interventions break learning into smaller steps, provide prompts of strategy to use, and supply regular, quality feedback. Scaffolding is another useful technique.

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According to the Colorado Statute, a developmental disability is manifested before the age of 22 and is attributed to mental retardation or related conditions such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy or autism. There is impairment of "general intellectual functioning"which means they acquired a 70 or less of a Full Scale intellectual quotient. "Adaptive behavior similar to that of a person with mental retardation"  means that the person has an overall adaptive behavior composite that is two or more standard deviations below the average. If this disability can be demonstrated the conditions are attributed to mental illness/ impairment.

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10 Things people with Down Syndrome would like you to know

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10 Things people with Down Syndrome would like you to know

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This video gave some very important information on individuals with Down Syndrome. The first fact was that most people with Down Syndrome were born before their mothers were 35. Another fact was that Down Syndrome causes disability but it is not an illness (I thought it was both). In conclusion, individuals with Down Syndrome are the same as any other person and want to live there own independent lives!

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This is another link with strategies for individuals with developmental delay to use at school and home. For children with physical development some strategies include taking "listening walks", using visual discrimination games, and planning physical activities for times when students have the most energy. For cognitive development break down tasks into smaller steps, be as concrete as possible, and be consistent with classroom routines.

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Children and adults with autism have problems with communication and social skills. SLPs can help with this issue. It is a spectrum disorder because it can cause mild or severe problems (or in between). Signs of autism include problems in the area of communication and behavior, and he or she may not like different foods. When testing for autism a child can be taken to developmental specialists and physical therapists. However, a speech pathologist (SLP) might be the most beneficial. An SLP has an important role in your child's treatment.

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This video goes in depth about the minds of autistic individuals. Their minds are wired a little different than their peers. They are often times misunderstood, and when something is bothering them they need a release. How they express their feelings might be seen as unusual to others. Autistic children are often very talented in subject areas that their classmates may have trouble in (reading and math). However, they may lack in social areas such as making friends. Autistic individuals really need friends who are willing to understand and support them.

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"Anxiety in School" Real Look Autism Ep. 1

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"Anxiety in School" Real Look Autism Ep. 1

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Tess is the name of the young girl in this video. It shows her day in the life as an autistic child at school. Tess is a very smart, bubbly girl but she tends to stay away from work that is frustrating. It is frustrating for her when she is pushed too hard and feels like she can't understand something. If Tess stays on task and works for 10 min she gets a star. She earns 3 stars and she gets a break with a prize of her choosing. This is what motivates her to keep working hard in class.

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Teaching Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Teaching Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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The last link sums up activities and ideas to meet the needs of children with ASD. To build on communication, strategies include labeling areas in the room with words and pictures, using sequencing cards to teach order of events, and being as literal as possible. The rest of the article provides strategies with improving socialization, restrictive, repetitive and stereotyped behavior, daily living and academics/organization.

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I learned so much from this topic. I didn't realize how many disabilities in children there are and how they are all grouped in different categories. For example Down Syndrome is classified as a developmental disability and not a learning disability. Same with Autism. Autistic individuals are very intelligent, they are just wired differently. Working with these students can be challenging, but the results are so rewarding! To watch them learn and grow is the best feeling.

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Developmental- To accommodate my students with developmental disabilities, one strategy I plan to use is playing songs with finger plays to develop fine motor skills. I absolutely love music and I think this will be such a fun way to teach my students so they can develop these skills!
Intellectual- To reach students with intellectual disabilities I think incorporating group activities and clubs is a great strategy! It is important that ALL my students feel included and this will build their social skills. For example, every Friday we could have a fun club day and every student would go to that same club. I would have a sports, dancing, and even a gaming club! They would have their choosing of what fun club they want.
Learning- For my students with learning disabilities, a great strategy that I mentioned was using a multi sensory approach to learning. This way they will improve their visual, auditory and tactile skills.
Autism Spectrum Disorder- For these students a strategy I will use is exploring computer based learning. For example having my students play a fun math game online instead of handing out worksheets would be a great idea. This will get them more excited about tackling their math homework!