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One of the best articles I have read is about art therapy and its benefits for people with depression and anxiety. This type of therapy is suitable for people who cannot express their feelings.

"Art therapy can be used as a complement to traditional mental health treatment. The aim is to manage behaviors, process feelings, reduce stress and anxiety, and increase self-esteem."

Here are some of the benefits offered by the author.

Self-discovery: Creating art can help you acknowledge and recognize feelings that have been lurking in your subconscious.

Self-esteem: The process will give you a feeling of self-accomplishment which can be very valuable to improve your self-appreciation and confidence.

Emotional release: The greatest benefit of art therapy is giving you a healthy outlet for expressing and letting go of all your feelings and fears. Complex emotions such as sadness or anger sometimes cannot be expressed with words. When you are unable to express yourself, but desire emotional release, making art may help you to do it.

Stress relief: Fighting anxiety, depression, or emotional trauma can be very stressful for you both mentally and physically. Creating art can be used to relieve stress and relax your mind.

Have you ever heard of art therapy?

Author, G. (2018, July 10). Creativity and Recovery: The Mental Health Benefits of Art Therapy. Resources to Recover. Retrieved March 22, 2022, from https://www.rtor.org/2018/07/10/benefits-of-art-therapy/

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Art therapy is a serious modality for treating a wide range of issues. Lojane, your article mentions art therapists, which is an interesting occupation, don't you think?

In this article, "The Power of Music Therapy for Alzheimer and Dementia Care," I found the section called, "How Personalized Music Reawakens the Brain," very interesting and wanted to share it.    ~Wanda

Kaufman, P. (2020, June 2). The Power of Music Therapy for Alzheimer’s and Dementia Care [web log]. Retrieved March 19, 2022, from https://www.everydayhealth.com/alzheimers-disease/the-power-of-music-therapy-for-alzheimers-and-dementia-care/.

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It might be easy to think that music therapy for Alzheimer's dementia is well-intentioned and kindhearted, certainly, but ultimately not all that helpful against such a destructive disease. But there's an enormous amount of anecdotal evidence that music therapy can significantly help many people with Alzheimer's, with research beginning to confirm these observations and analyzing how and why music therapy works.

Therapists are learning more about how to use music to access parts of the mind that remain largely unaffected, even as Alzheimer's disease devastates other areas of the brain, with a few small studies confirming this effect through the use of magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) and other imaging methods.

While enrolling people with dementia into clinical trials has proved challenging, research, such as a review published in March 2019 in Frontiers in Neuroscience, has found that music therapy can lead to improvements in behavioral, cognitive, and social functioning - helping allay anxiety and depression and reducing the use of anti-anxiety and antipsychotic medication in nursing homes and assisted living facilities, per a study published in January 2018 in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.

Phrased less clinically, it's clear that for many people with Alzheimer's dementia, the right kind of music therapy can provide comfort, joy, and connection during a frightening and lonely time.

So many of us "respond to music in some way, shape, or form, whether it's a physical response, an emotional response, a social response, or a cognitive response," says Joy Allen, chair of the music therapy department at the Berklee School of Music in Boston. "We know that in dementia, the brain is damaged, but the part that responds to music is one of the last that seems to go."

What Music Therapy for Alzheimer's Can Do

Music therapy isn't listening to or making music for entertainment; it is a healthcare discipline. The American Music Therapy Association describes it as "the clinical and evidence-based use of musical interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program."

Music therapy for Alzheimer's dementia can take many forms. "We do find that singing is definitely a big thing," Allen says. "With singing there's the predictability of rhythm that is soothing. But also, if you think about it, you have to breathe when you're singing, and that has a relaxing quality to it, too."

Singing can also offer social connection, which helps explain the rise of "dementia choirs" around the country made up of people with early to middle-stage Alzheimer's, and sometimes their caregivers too, as profiled in a 2019 article in the Journal of Intergenerational Relationships. Says Allen, "With dementia choirs, it's no longer, 'Do you know my name?' or 'Tell me what day it is.' It's 'Hey, we can enjoy each other's presence and companionship.'"

As everyone sings together it becomes clear that a person with Alzheimer's is still a person, and not just their disease. Allen adds that even people with dementia who have trouble finding the right words in conversation may have an easier time recalling lyrics to a familiar song.

As dementia advances, music's calming quality can decrease agitation during anxiety-producing events of daily life and make transitions less fraught for both those with Alzheimer's and their caregivers. "So if you need a person to walk, by singing something familiar like 'When the Saint Go Marching In,' the focus is on the reward of the song instead of the discomfort of what they're doing," says Allen.

Drumming circles with percussive instruments such as egg shakers are another type of group activity that may help people with dementia. "You don't have to know anything fancy or complicated. You just have to know a heartbeat - it's that simple motor response," Allen says. "And that goes back to the principle of entrainment, where your body and your brain and your central nervous system are automatically activating to create purposeful movement." That active rhythm provides predictability ("It's a time sequence; you know what's going to happen," Allen explains), which can decrease tension and agitation.

A music therapist also has methods for making listening to music beneficial. "The person can be sitting in their chair, and you can be moving with them in rhythm, which is going to help activate a connection," Allen says. "But the key is, you have to use that music effectively. You don't want it in the background all the time, because then the person tunes it out. You want to use it in ways that are purposeful and meaningful, making sure that the music is also culturally relevant to the person. It's going back and seeing the different roles music has played throughout their lives, because that's what they connect to."

How Personalized Music Reawakens the Brain

The goal of finding personally meaningful music has led to a new type of therapy that is uniquely suited to the digital age - the Music & Memory program, run by a nonprofit founded in 2006 by a social worker named Dan Cohen.

Music & Memory hinges on the unique power of songs that are specific to each patient's personal preferences and history. Giving someone with dementia the opportunity to listen to "their" songs through headphones connected to iPods or other portable listening devices can arouse strong positive emotions and stimulate the brain.

A documentary called Alive Inside, which won the 2014 Audience Award at the Sundance Film Festival in Utah, follows residents of long-term care facilities as they experience Music & Memory for the first time. The camera records anxious, withdrawn, and even seemingly unreachable men and women as they "wake up" - raising slumped heads, tapping feet, pushing walkers to the side and dancing, or even in one remarkable case sharing detailed childhood memories with an interviewer - while listening joyfully to the songs they loved when they were young.

Galvanized by the film and looking to see if research could support the movie's storytelling, a number of scientists have been finding evidence to corroborate the effects of Music & Memory.

While studies have been limited by size and other variables, there have been a number of encouraging findings. One study, published in September 2017 in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, found that nursing homes that used Music & Memory saw significant improvements in behavioral symptoms of dementia as well as a notable decline in the amount of anti-anxiety and antipsychotic medications they gave patients.

Alive Inside has been instrumental in spreading the word about Music & Memory. For instance, after seeing the film at Sundance, a private donor in Utah initiated ambitious follow-up efforts through a multidisciplinary team of researchers at University of Utah Health and a consortium of business and community leaders throughout the state. As a result, the Music and Memory program was rolled out to every nursing home and long-term dementia-care facility in Utah.

The program is currently used in all 50 states and internationally, with the Music & Memory organization also offering instruction for home caregivers.

"It's really quite remarkable," says Norman Foster, MD, a geriatric neurologist and director of the Center for Alzheimer's Care and Imaging Research at University of Utah Health. Dr. Foster is senior author of a small study published in 2019 in The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease that used functional MRI to scan the brains of subjects with Alzheimer's as they listened to personally meaningful music. The scans revealed that the experience caused different regions of the brain to communicate, including the visual network, salience network, executive network, and cerebellar and corticocerebellar network.

"My hope and my goal was to encourage research," says Music & Memory founder Dan Cohen. Today, Cohen is working to launch an initiative called Right to Music, aimed at promoting personalized music as a go-to therapy for people with dementia, too many of whom are on antipsychotic drugs that "kind of scramble your brain," as he puts it.

"I spoke to a conference of a thousand pharmacists, who oversee drug regimens in nursing homes and assisted living, and they know that our elders over 85 are overmedicated," Cohen says. "They know we need to de-prescribe and they're looking for tools to do it, and personalized music is one of them."

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The Power of Music Therapy for Alzheimer and Dementia Care

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It might be easy to think that music therapy for Alzheimer's dementia is well-intentioned and kindhearted, certainly, but ultimately not all that helpful against such a destructive disease. But there's an enormous amount of anecdotal evidence that music therapy can significantly help many people with Alzheimer's, with research beginning to confirm these observations and analyzing how and why music therapy works.

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I chose this article because I love appreciate the art of nature.

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Time-Lapse: Spectacular Landscapes of the Southwest U.S. | National Geographic

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I chose this article that talks about the importance of travel because most people think that travel is only for fun and wastes money.

The writer mentioned many great points about the benefits of travel, including that travel exposes us to new things, and this is really what I felt through my previous trips.

When you travel, you are stepping outside your comfort zone, for one thing. Even if your destination is relatively nearby (across the country rather than internationally), you are still experiencing new things.

Mark Twain said it best in one of my favorite travel quotes:

“Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts. Broad, wholesome, charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in one little corner of the earth all one’s lifetime.”

References:

Eilers, C. (2020, December 7). Why is Travel Important? Here Are 7 Important Benefits of Traveling. Goodwall. Retrieved March 24, 2022, from https://www.goodwall.io/blog/benefits-of-traveling/.

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Mona Lisa's smile is one of the most famous works of art in the world. It was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. And his painting has a strong sense of mystery. It was difficult to fathom what the woman's smile meant. At the same time it also contains a lot of mathematical secrets. How could a work of art so full of secrets not fascinate?

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In my opinion, music art is diversified, melody, rhythm and timbre can make music produce different aesthetic feelings.-Jack

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Most people know that dancing is a natural thing, but it is really an art and the dancers take about three months to design their show, and I made a video explaining the meaning of my words. You can see the accuracy in the show.

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THE ROYAL FAMILY - Nationals 2018 (Guest Performance)

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I included this TEDed lesson because the video presents many images of ancient paintings. I thought it would be interesting and that it would inspire connections between graffiti seen on other structures today. Also, this teacher included some other information in "Dig Deeper."

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There are about 400 art sites in Europe from the Ice Age time period known as the Upper Paleolithic (dating to between 10,000 and 40,000 years ago). Chauvet is unusual due to the quality of the art as well as its age (30,000 to 35,000 BP) BP = before present - this far back we don't usually use BC or AD.Check out the information below, and then answer the questions in the Think section.1. Currently the oldest known art in Europe comes from a site called El Castillo in Spain - more information about this study can be found here. The age of these images was determined using uranium-series dating which measures the time it takes for uranium to decay into other elements like thorium and protactinium. Because this happens at an even rate, the length of time since the uranium was deposited on the cave wall can be estimated. Here's an overview of how we date the art.2. At this point in time, we only have evidence of people like us ( Homo sapiens) creating rock art. This assumption is based on human remains and artifacts being found in association with the art at some sites (ex. pigment matching the paint on the walls being found in an archaeological layer also containing human tools). The question of whether Neanderthals were also decorating caves and rock shelters is one that is still being hotly debated in the field of paleoanthropology because some of the oldest art was made during the time period when humans and Neanderthals were both living in Europe (between about 30,000 and 45,000 BP). This debate has only heated up since the discovery a few years ago of red pigment on and in marine shells that may have been worn as jewelry at two Neanderthal sites in Spain. They had big brains and there is no reason they weren't capable of doing it, but we just don't have any convincing proof...yet. For more about Neanderthal jewelry and pigment use, check out this article.3. The humans who lived during the Ice Age in Europe were like us in every sense of the word and appear to have been part of a rich culture which produced many beautiful artifacts. They were adept at making all sorts of decorative items such as tooth, stone, ivory, antler or bone necklaces, ivory beads that were sewn onto clothing, bone and ivory flutes to play, carved figurines and statuettes of humans and animals, as well as portable pieces of art including carved antlers, embellished tools and decorated stone plaques. The following websites contain more information about different aspects of the material culture of the Upper Paleolithic. Flutes; ancient figurines; personal adornment, beads and figurines from the rich burial site of Sungir in Russia where ivory carvings, jewelry and 1000's of ivory beads were discovered.4. While the Upper Paleolithic rock art from Europe is some of the best-known, there are in fact sites of equivalent age (older than 10,000 BP) in several other regions of the world including Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas. Just click on the rock art sites you'd like to learn more about: Africa; Australia; Brazil; Borneo.5. Oddly enough, no depictions of elements of the landscape have ever been positively identified in the rock art from Upper Paleolithic Europe, and while different theories have been proposed, there is no consensus as to why these were omitted. The majority of the images are of animals (mostly game animals like horse, bison, mammoth and deer), a smaller number of human figures and a surprisingly large number of abstract, geometric shapes (see the link for the Bradshaw Foundation website below to learn more about the themes of the art).Links for further study: The Bradshaw Foundation: this website is dedicated to rock art from all over the world and includes many stunning photographs of the art as well as articles about different aspects of it (it also features an interactive map that charts the journey of the first humans who left Africa).An overview of the Upper Paleolithic rock art in Europe Becoming human: this essay by a well-known scholar in our field provides an excellent review of the people, the time period and the whole range of their artistic capabilities.

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The images in this video come from Chauvet Cave, an ancient rock art site in France. Watch the video and try to imagine the kind of people that created the art. There are no words in this video, so check out the Dig Deeper section for some context before you try to answer the questions.

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A list of Possible articles from The New York Times

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A list of Possible articles from The New York Times

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News about Graffiti, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.

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This is a video that Syracuse.com produced. There's also an article. 

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This is a video that Syracuse.com produced. There's also an article. 

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Graffiti artist Vacant has been painting eyes across Syracuse for 10 years

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Studying graffiti can allow you to become conscious of what it means to make your mark over time. Graffiti as an art form presents an unusual historical domain because we are left with questions about who made the mark, how and why? Graffiti is unlike the typical primary and secondary sources used by historians because authorship, messages and audience are less known to the reader -- we, as historians, have to reconstruct those moments. This kind of historical reconstruction presents an interesting space for us to understand how and for whom historical knowledge is constructed, thus enhancing a focus on historical consciousness and how knowledge becomes 'known' to others. Graffiti presents a view of past from the perspective of rare and lesser known, every day people. To learn more about graffiti in ancient Rome you can click here.

In more contemporary contexts, like in Egypt and Turkey, graffiti tells us about how public spaces are used to express messages during times of dissent and revolution. For example, graffiti about the Arab Spring showed us what occurs when individual and collective voices do not match the forces of authority. In these cases, graffiti memorializes the voices of individuals who resist censorship and persist to have their memories shared publicly, even if the act of graffiti poses a risk to their own health or safety. You can learn more about graffiti and the Egyptian Arab Spring here. This kind of attempt to be 'heard' and remembered urges us to consider what is just or ethical and what further actions might be necessary to encourage historical consciousness more broadly. Art historian, Bahia Shehab discusses her fascination with street art during the Arab Spring here - her message is transformative.

Graffiti helps us to uncover competing truth claims and to determine when that meaning can better inform a more holistic and collective understanding of the past. To learn more about claim testers and how students can assess competing truth claims you can click here. Ultimately, students learn to challenge the assumption that history is already written and just merely passed along to them. Instead it offers learners an opportunity to discover how and for whom history is remembered.

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A brief history of graffiti - Kelly Wall

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Spray-painted subway cars, tagged bridges, mural-covered walls - graffiti pops up boldly throughout our cities. And it turns out: it's nothing new. Graffiti has been around for thousands of years. And across that span of time, it's raised the same questions we debate now: Is it art? Is it vandalism?

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In my opinion, music is very charming. It can make people feel comfortable. It can also make people feel excited. Everyone is attracted to music.-Jimmy

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巴赫 g大调小步舞曲 - minuet in g major bwv anh116 - inner art of music

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巴赫 G大调小步舞曲 - Minuet in G major BWV Anh116 - Inner Art of Music_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u5wtFyixoo原曲：Minuet in G major BWV Anh116原作者：巴赫演奏者：Inner Art of Music钢琴谱：www.pianosbay.com, 视频播放量 1326、弹幕量 0、点赞数 24、投硬币枚数 3、收藏人数 22、转发人数 7, 视频作者 肖邦同学, 作者简介 ，相关视频：巴赫初级钢琴曲集-G大调小步舞曲，BWV Anh.

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This video included information about the definition and origin of Por Art.
I think it is interesting because it shows how some artists started to use everyday advertisement or popular culture symbols as a new style of art. (JL)

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This video covers the ceramic making process and the painting process.
I think this video is interesting because it allows us to understand Chinese culture.--Ann

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景德镇陶瓷匠人纪录片《手造中国》_腾讯视频

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景德镇陶瓷匠人纪录片《手造中国》

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This is a work in memory of Kobe Bryant and his daughter Gigi. Many people came here to take photos and pray. I really hope I will come here one day because he is my hero-Alan

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The band play music without instrument, so they are the artist of music.

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Pentatonix - 90s Dance Medley (Official Video)

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I thought everyone admit he is famous people.

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It's "free." You don't have to pay in dollars. However, you will have to watch an advertisement a week as the cost of the tool. I, personally, think it's worth it because the tool is easy to use. Note: you add missing

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Overview of this guide:

This page provides you with an overview of APA format, 7th edition. Included is information about referencing, various citation formats with examples for each source type, and other helpful information.

If you're looking for MLA format, check out the Citation Machine MLA Guide. Also, visit the Citation Machine homepage to use the APA formatter, which is an APA citation generator, and to see more styles.

Being responsible while researching

When you're writing a research paper or creating a research project, you will probably use another individual's work to help develop your own assignment. A good researcher or scholar uses another individual's work in a responsible way. This involves indicating that the work of other individuals is included in your project (i.e., citing), which is one way to prevent plagiarism.

Plagiarism? What is it?

The word plagiarism is derived from the Latin word, plagiare, which means "to kidnap." The term has evolved over the years to now mean the act of taking another individual's work and using it as your own, without acknowledging the original author (American Psychological Association, 2020 p. 21). Plagiarism can be illegal and there can be serious ramifications for plagiarizing someone else's work. Thankfully, plagiarism can be prevented. One way it can be prevented is by including citations and references in your research project. Want to make them quickly and easily? Try the Citation Machine citation generator, which is found on our homepage.

All about citations & references

Citations and references should be included anytime you use another individual's work in your own assignment. When including a quote, paraphrased information, images, or any other piece of information from another's work, you need to show where you found it by including a citation and a reference. This guide explains how to make them.

APA style citations are added in the body of a research paper or project and references are added to the last page.

Citations, which are called in-text citations, are included when you're adding information from another individual's work into your own project. When you add text word-for-word from another source into your project, or take information from another source and place it in your own words and writing style (known as paraphrasing), you create an in-text citation. These citations are short in length and are placed in the main part of your project, directly after the borrowed information.

References are found at the end of your research project, usually on the last page. Included on this reference list page is the full information for any in-text citations found in the body of the project. These references are listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name.

An APA in-text citation includes only three items: the last name(s) of the author(s), the year the source was published, and sometimes the page or location of the information. References include more information such as the name of the author(s), the year the source was published, the full title of the source, and the URL or page range.

Here is the text description of the in-text citation examples.

Here is the text description of the reference examples.

Why is it important to include citations & references

Including APA citations and references in your research projects is a very important component of the research process. When you include citations, you're being a responsible researcher. You're showing readers that you were able to find valuable, high-quality information from other sources, place them into your project where appropriate, all while acknowledging the original authors and their work.

Common ways students and scholars accidentally plagiarize

Believe it or not, there are instances when you could attempt to include in-text and full references in the appropriate places, but still accidentally plagiarize. Here are some common mistakes to be aware of:

Mistake #1 - Misquoting sources: If you plan to use a direct quote, make sure you copy it exactly as is. Sure, you can use part of the full quote or sentence, but if you decide to put quotation marks around any words, those words should match exactly what was found in the original source. Here's a line from The Little Prince, by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry:

"Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves, and it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them."

Here's an acceptable option:

"Grown-ups never understand anything by themselves," stated de Saint-Exupéry (1943, p. 3).

Here's a misquote:

"Grown-ups barely ever understand anything by themselves," stated de Saint-Exupéry (1943, p. 3).

Notice the slight change in the words. The incorrect phrasing is an instance of accidental plagiarism.

Mistake #2 - Problems with paraphrasing: When we paraphrase, we restate information using our own words and writing style. It's not acceptable to substitute words from the original source with synonyms.

Let's use the same sentence from The Little Prince.

A correct paraphrase could be:

de Saint-Exupéry (1943) shares various ways adults frustrate children. One of the biggest being that kids have to explain everything. It's too bad adults are unable to comprehend anything on their own (p. 3).

An incorrect paraphrase would be:

de Saint-Exupéry (1943) shares that adults never understand anything by themselves, and it is exhausting for kids to be always and forever clarifying things to them (p.3).

Notice how close the incorrect paraphrase is from the original. This is an instance of accidental plagiarism.

Make sure you quote and paraphrase properly in order to prevent accidental plagiarism.

If you're having a difficult time paraphrasing properly, it is acceptable to paraphrase part of the text AND use a direct quote. Here's an example:

de Saint-Exupery (1943) shares various ways adults frustrate children. One of the biggest being that kids have to explain everything, and "it is tiresome for children to be always and forever explaining things to them" (p. 3).

Information About APA

Who created it?

The American Psychological Association is an organization created for individuals in the psychology field. With close to 121,000 members, they provide educational opportunities, funding, guidance, and research information for everything psychology-related. They also have numerous high-quality databases, peer-reviewed journals, and books that revolve around mental health.

The American Psychological Association is also credited with creating their own specific citation and reference style. Today, this format is used by individuals not only in the psychology field, but many other subject areas as well. Education, economics, business, and social sciences also use APA style quite frequently. Click here for more information. This guide covers general information about the style, but is not affiliated with the American Psychological Association.

Why was this style created?

This format was first developed in 1929 to form a standardized way for researchers in science fields to document their sources. Prior to the inception of these standards and guidelines, individuals were recognizing the work of other authors by including bits and pieces of information in random order. There wasn't a set way to format citations and references. You can probably imagine how difficult it was to understand the sources that were used for research projects!

Having a standard format for citing sources allows readers to glance at a citation or APA reference and easily locate the title, author, year published, and other critical pieces of information needed to understand a source.

The evolution of this style

The guide below is based on APA style 7th edition, which was released in 2020. In previous versions of APA format, researchers and scholars were required to include the publisher location for books and the date that an electronic resource was accessed. Both are no longer required to be included.

Details on the differences between the 6th and 7th editions is addressed later in this guide.

Citations & References

The appearance of citations & references

The format for references varies, but most use this general format:

%%Author's Last name, First initial. (Date published). Title. URL

Researchers and scholars must look up the proper format for the source that they're attempting to cite. Books have a certain format, websites have a different format, periodicals have a different format, and so on. Scroll down to find the proper format for the source you're citing or referencing.

If you would like help citing your sources, CitationMachine.com has a citation generator that will help make the APA citation process much easier for you. To start, simply click on the source type you're citing:

In-text citations

An APA in-text citation is included in research projects in three instances: When using a direct quote, paraphrasing information, or simply referring to a piece of information from another source.

Quite often, researchers and scholars use a small amount of text, word for word, from another source and include it in their own research projects. This is done for many reasons. Sometimes, another author's words are so eloquently written that there isn't a better way to rephrase it yourself. Other times, the author's words can help prove a point or establish an understanding for something in your research project. When using another author's exact words in your research project, include an APA in-text citation directly following it.

In addition to using the exact words from another source and placing them into your project, these citations are also added anytime you paraphrase information. Paraphrasing is when you take information from another source and rephrase it, in your own words.

When simply referring to another piece of information from another source, also include a citation directly following it.

Citations in the text are found near a direct quote, paraphrased information, or next to a mention of another source. To see examples of some narrative/ parenthetical citations in action, look at the image above, under "All About Citations & References."
Note: *Only include the page or paragraph number when using a direct quote or paraphrase. Page numbers have a p. before the number, pp. before the page range, and para. before the paragraph number. This information is included to help the reader locate the exact portion of text themselves. It is unnecessary to include this information when you're simply referring to another source. Examples of APA in-text citations:

"Well, you're about to enter the land of the free and the brave. And I don't know how you got that stamp on your passport. The priest must know someone" (Tóibín, 2009, p. 52).

and

Student teachers who use technology in their lessons tend to continue using technology tools throughout their teaching careers (Kent & Giles, 2017, p. 12).

If including the author's name in the sentence, place the year in the parentheses directly next to his or her name. Add the page number at the end, unless it's a source without any pages or paragraph numbers (See Section 8.10 of the Publication manual for more details).
In-text citation APA example:

According to a study done by Kent and Giles (2017), student teachers who use technology in their lessons tend to continue using technology tools throughout their teaching careers.

The full references, or citations, for these sources can be found on the last part of a research project, titled the "References."

Here's how to create in-text citations for specific amounts of authors:

APA citation with no author

When the source lacks an author's name, place the title, year, and page number (if available) in the text. The title should be in italics if it sits alone (such as a movie, brochure, or report). If the source is part of a whole (as many web pages and articles are), place the title in quotation marks without italics (See Section 8.14 of the Publication manual).
Structure of an APA format citation in the text narratively, with the author's name missing:
Title of Source (Year) or "Title of Source" (Year)

OR

Structure of an APA style format citation, in parentheses at the end of the sentence, with the author's name missing: (Title of Source, Year) or ("Title of Source," Year)

Structure for one author

In the text, narratively: Last name of Author (Year)...(page number).

OR

In parentheses, at the end of the sentence: (Last name of Author, Year, page number).

Structure for two authors

Place the authors in the order they appear on the source. Only use the ampersand in the parenthetical citations (see Section 8.17 of the Publication manual). Use 'and' to separate the author names if they're in the text of the sentence.

In the text, narratively: Last name of Author 1 and Last name of Author 2 (Year)....(page number).

OR

In parentheses, at the end of the sentence: (Last name of Author 1 & Last name of Author 2, Year, page number).

Structure for three or more authors

Only include the first listed author's name in the first and any subsequent citations. Follow it with et al.

(Last name Author 1 et al., Year, page number)

(Agbayani et al., 2020, p. 99)

OR

Last name of Author 1 et al. (Year)...(page).

Agbayani et al. (2020)...(p. 99)

One author, multiple works, same year

What do you do when you want to cite multiple works by an author, and the sources all written in the same year?

Include the letters 'a' 'b' 'c' and so on after the year in the citation.

(Jackson, 2013a)

OR

Jackson (2013a)

Writers can even lump dates together.

Example: Jackson often studied mammals while in Africa (2013a, 2013b).

On the APA reference page, include the same letters in the full references.

Groups and organizations

Write out the full name of the group or organization in the first citation and place the abbreviation next to it in brackets. If the group or organization is cited again, only include the abbreviation. If it doesn't have an abbreviation associated with it, write out the entire organization's name each and every time (see Section 8.21 of the Publication manual).
Example:
First APA citation for an organization with an abbreviation: (World Health Organization [WHO], Year)

OR

World Health Organization (WHO, Year)

Notice in the example directly above, the name of the organization is written out in full in the text of the sentence, and the abbreviation is placed in parentheses next to it.

Subsequent APA citations in the text for an organization with an abbreviation: (WHO, Year) OR WHO (Year)
Example:
All citations in the text for an organization without an abbreviation: (Citation Machine, Year) or Citation Machine (Year)

One in-text citation, multiple works

Sometimes you'll need to cite more than one work within an in-text citation. Follow the same format (author, year) format but place semicolons between works (p. 263).
Example:
(Obama, 2016; Monroe et al., 1820; Hoover & Coolidge, 1928)

Reminder: There are many citation tools available on CitationMachine.com. Head to our homepage to learn more, check out our APA citation website, and cite your sources easily! The most useful resource on our website? Our APA citation generator, which doesn't just create full references, it's also an APA in-text citation website! It'll do both for you!

Click here to learn more about crediting work.

Reference list citation components

References display the full information for all the citations found in the body of a research project.

Some things to keep in mind when it comes to the references:

All references sit together on their own page, which is usually the last page(s) of a paper.

Title the page 'References'

Place 'References' in the center of the page and bold it. Keep the title in the same font and size as the references. Do not italicize, underline, place the title in quotation marks, or increase the font size.

The entire page is double spaced.

All references are listed in alphabetical order by the first word in the reference, which is usually the author's last name. If the source lacks an author, alphabetize the source by the title (ignore A, An, or The)

All references have a hanging indent, meaning that the second line of text is indented in half an inch. See examples throughout this guide.

Remember, each and every citation in the text of the paper MUST have a full reference displayed in the reference list. The citations in the text provide the reader with a quick glimpse about the sources used, but the references in the reference list provide the reader with all the information needed to seek out the source themselves.

Learn more about each component of the reference citation and how to format it in the sections that follow. See an APA sample paper reference list at the end of this entire section.

Author's names

The names of authors are written in reverse order. Include the initials for the first and middle names. End this information with a period (see Section 9.8 of the Publication manual).

Format: Last name, F. M.
Example:
Two or more authors

When two or more authors work together on a source, write them in the order in which they appear on the source. You can name up to 20 authors in the reference. For sources with 2 to 20 authors, place an ampersand (&) before the final author. Use this format:

Last name, F. M., & Last name, F. M.

OR

Last name, F. M., Last name, F. M., Last name, F. M., Last name, F. M., & Last name, F. M.

Kent, A. G., Giles, R. M., Thorpe, A., Lukes, R., Bever, D. J., & He, Y.

If there are 21 or more authors listed on a source, only include the first 19 authors, add three ellipses, and then add the last author's name.

Roberts, A., Johnson, M. C., Klein, J., Cheng, E. V., Sherman, A., Levin, K. K. , ...Lopez, G. S.

If you plan on using a free APA citation tool, like the one at CitationMachine.com, the names of the authors will format properly for you.

###No authors

If the source lacks an author, place the title in the first position in the reference (Section 9.12 of the Publication manual). When the source's title begins with a number (Such as 101 Dalmatians), place the reference alphabetically as if the number was spelled out. 101 Dalmatians would be placed in the spot where 'One hundred' would go, but keep the numbers in their place.

Additionally, if the title begins with the words 'A', 'An,' or 'The,' ignore these words and place the title alphabetically according to the next word.

See the "Titles" section below for more information on formatting the title of sources.

###Corporate/Organization authors

On an APA reference page, corporate authors are always written out in full. In the text of your paper, you may have some abbreviations (such as UN for United Nations), but in the full references, always include the full names of the corporation or organization (following Section 9.11 of the official Publication manual).
Example:
%%United Nations. (2019). Libya: $202 million needed to bring life-saving aid to half a million people hit by humanitarian crisis. https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/02/1031981

Publication date & retrieval date

Directly after the author's name is the date the source was published. Include the full date for newspapers and magazine articles, and only the year for journals and all other sources. If no date is found on the source, include the initials, n.d. for "no date."
Newspaper:
%% Narducci, M. (2017, May 19). City renames part of 11th Street Ed Snider Way to honor Flyers founder. The Philadelphia Inquirer. http://www.philly.com/

If using our APA Citation Machine, our citation generator will add the correct format for you automatically.

Giving a retrieval date is not needed unless the online content is likely to be frequently updated and changed (e.g., encyclopedia article, dictionary entry, Twitter profile, etc.).

%%Citation Machine [@CiteMachine]. (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile]. Twitter. Retrieved October 10, 2019, from https://twitter.com/CiteMachine

Titles

When writing out titles for books, articles, chapters, or other non-periodical sources, only capitalize the first word of the title and the first word of the subtitle. Names of people, places, organizations, and other proper nouns also have the first letter capitalized. For books and reports, italicize the title in the APA citation.
Examples: Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Roots: The saga of an American family.
For articles and chapters in APA referencing, do not italicize the title.
Examples:
Wake up the nation: Public libraries, policy making, and political discourse.

For newspapers, magazines, journals, newsletters, and other periodicals, capitalize the first letter in each word and italicize the title.
Example: The Seattle Times.
A common question is whether to underline your title or place it in italics or quotation marks in the reference list. Here's a good general rule: When a source sits alone and is not part of a larger whole, place the title in italics. If the source does not sit alone and is part of a larger whole, do not place it in italics.

Books, movies, journals, and television shows are placed in italics since they stand alone. Songs on an album, episodes of television shows, chapters in books, and articles in journals are not placed in italics since they are smaller pieces of larger wholes.

The Citation Machine citation generator will format the title in your citations automatically.

Additional information about the title

If you feel it would be helpful to include additional information about the source type, include a descriptive noun or two in brackets immediately following the title. Capitalize the first letter.
Example:
%%Kennedy, K., & Molen, G. R. (Producers), & Spielberg, S. (Director). (1993). Jurassic Park [Film]. USA: Universal.

Besides [Film], other common notations include:

[Audio podcast]

[Brochure]

[Letter to the editor]

[Television series episode]

[Tweet]

[Facebook page]

[Blog post]

[Lecture notes]

[PowerPoint presentation]

[Video file]

If you are using Citation Machine citing tools, additional information about the title is automatically added for you.

Publisher information

For books and reports, include the publisher name but not the location (see Section 9.29 of the Publication manual). Older editions of the style required the city, state and/or country, but this hasn't been the case since the 7th edition was released.

It is not necessary to include the entire name of the publisher. It is acceptable to use a brief, intelligible form. However, if Books or Press are part of the publisher's names, keep these words in the reference. Other common terms, such as Inc., Co., Publishers, and others can be omitted.

For newspapers, journals, magazines, and other periodicals, include the volume and issue number after the title. The volume number is listed first, by itself, in italics. The issue number is in parentheses immediately after it, not italicized. There is no space after the closing parenthesis and before the volume number.
Example:
%%Giannoukos, G., Besas, G., Hictour, V., & Georgas, T. (2016). A study on the role of computers in adult education. Educational Research and Reviews, 11(9), 907-923. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2016.2688

After including the publisher information, end this section with a period.
Examples:
Pearson.

Perseus Books.

Electronic source information:

For online sources, the URL or DOI (Direct Object Identifier) are included at the end of an APA citation.

DOI numbers are often created by publishers for journal articles and other periodical sources. They were created in response to the problem of broken or outdated links and URLs. When a journal article is assigned a DOI number, it is static and will never change. Because of its permanent characteristic, DOIs are the preferred type of electronic information to include in APA citations. When a DOI number is not available, include the source's URL (see Section 9.34 in the Publication manual).
For DOIs, include the number in this format: http://doi.org/xxxx For URLs, type them in this format:
http:// or https://

Other information about electronic sources:

If the URL is longer than a line, break it up before a punctuation mark.

Do not place a period at the end of the citation/URL.

It is unnecessary to include retrieval dates, unless the source changes often over time (like in a Wikipedia article).

It is not necessary to include the names of databases

If using the Citation Machine APA citation website autocite features, the online publication information will be automatically replaced by the DOI. The Citation Machine APA template will properly cite your online sources for you.

Sample - Student Paper Reference Page APA:

Make sure you run your completed paper through the Citation Machine Plus smart proofreader, which scans for grammar, spelling, and plagiarism. Whether it's an adjective, verb, or pronoun out-of-place, our technology helps edits your paper for you!

Annotated bibliographies:

An APA annotated bibliography is a full bibliography that includes a small note for each reference citation. Each note should be short (1-2 paragraphs) and contain a summary or your evaluation about each source. When creating your citations on CitationMachine.net, there is a field at the bottom of each form to add your own annotations.

Follow the publication manual guidelines on paper format and writing style. Let your instructor guide other details about your annotations. Still confused? Read our guide on annotated bibliographies.

These types of projects look different depending on the style you're using. Use the link at the top of the page to access resources related to the Modern Language Association's style. Here's information related to Chicago citation style.

Page formatting

Need help with the design and formatting of your paper? Look no further! This section provides the ins and outs of properly displaying the information in your APA essay.

Font = Here are the recommended fonts and sizes (from Section 2.19 of the Publication manual):

Times New Roman, 12-point size.

Calibri, Arial, or Georgia, 11-point size

Lucida, Sans Unicode, or Computer Modern, 10-point size

Indents = Every paragraph should start with an indent.

Margins = 1 inch around the entire document

Spacing = Double space everything!

Arrange your pages in this order:

Page 1 - APA Title Page (see below for information on the title page)

Page 2 - Abstract (If your professor requests one)

Page 3 - First page of text

References begin on their own page. Include the list of references on the page after the text.

Tables and figures

Keep in mind that the order above is the recommendation for papers being submitted for peer review. If you're writing an APA style paper for a class, your professor may be more lenient about the requirements. Also, if you're submitting your paper for a specific journal, check the requirements on the journal's website. Each journal has different rules and procedures.

Just a little nudge to remind you about the Citation Machine Plus smart proofreader. Whether it's a conjunction or interjection out of place, a misspelled word, or an out of place citation, we'll offer suggestions for improvement! Don't forget to check out our APA citation maker while you're at it!

Running heads

In older editions of APA, running heads were required for all papers. Since the 7th edition, that's changed.

Student paper: No running head

Professional paper: Include a running head

The running head displays the title of the paper and the page number on all pages of the paper. This header is found on every page of a professional paper (not a student paper), even on the title page (sometimes called an APA cover page) and reference list (taken from Section 2.8 of the Publication manual).

It's displayed all in capital letters at the top of the page. Across from the running head, along the right margin, is the page number.

Use the header feature in your word processor. Both Google Docs and Word have these features available.

Use one for the recommended fonts mentioned under "Page formatting."

Title pages

A title page, sometimes called an APA cover page, graces the cover of an essay or paper. An APA title page should follow rules from Section 2.3 of the official Publication manual and include:

1. Page number, which is page 1

2. Title of your project

Use title case and bold font

The title should be under 12 words in length

The title should be a direct explanation of the focus of the paper. Do not include any unnecessary descriptors such as "An Analysis of..." or "A Study of..."

3. Names of the authors
Exclude any labels such as Mr., Ms., Dr, PhD...

4. Name of the school or institution

5. Course number and/or class name

6. Name of your instructor, including their preferred honorifics (e.g., PhD, Dr., etc.)

7. Paper's due date

8. If this is a professional paper, also include a running head. If this is a student paper, do not include one.

Follow the directions for the running head and page number in the section above. Below the running head, a few lines beneath, and centered in the middle of the page, should be the title. The next line below is the author's name(s), followed by the name of the school or institution, the class or course name, your instructor's name, and the paper's due date.

All components on this page should be written in the same font and size as the rest of your paper. Double space the title, names, name of school or institution, and all other information on the page (except for the running head and page number).
Example - Student Title Page APA: Example - Professional Title Page APA:
If you're submitting your paper to a journal for publication, check the journal's website for exact requirements. Each journal is different and some may request a different type of APA format cover page.

Looking to create an APA format title page? Head to CitationMachine.com's homepage and choose "Title Page" at the top of the screen.

Abstracts

An abstract briefly but thoroughly summarizes dissertation contents. It's found in the beginning of a professional paper, right after the title page. Abstracts are meant to help readers determine whether to continue reading the entire document. With that in mind, try to craft the lead sentence to entice the reader to continue reading.

Here are a few tips:

Be factual and keep your opinions out. An abstract should accurately reflect the paper or dissertation and should not involve information or commentary not in the thesis.

Communicate your main thesis. What was the examined problem or hypothesis? A reader should know this from reading your abstract.

Keep it brief. Stick to the main points and don't add unnecessary words or facts. It should not exceed 250 words.

Consider your paper's purpose. It's important to cater your abstract to your paper type and think about what information the target audience for that paper type would want. For example, an empirical article may mention methodology or participant description. A quantitative or qualitative meta-analysis would mention the different variables considered and how information was synthesized.

Use verbs over noun equivalents, and active voice. Example: "There was research into..." becomes "We researched..."

Formatting guidelines:

The abstract goes after the title page.

It should have the same font (size and type) as the rest of the paper.

It should stick to one page.

Double-space all page text.

Center and bold the word "Abstract" at the top of the paper.

Don't indent the first line of the abstract body. The body should also be in plain text.

For the keywords, place it on the line after the abstract and indent the first line (but not subsequent lines). The word "Keywords:" is capitalized, italicized, and followed by a colon. The actual keywords are sentence case and in plan font.

List each keyword one after the other, and separate them by a comma.

After the last keyword, no ending punctuation is needed.

Example abstract:

Tables & Figures

If your paper includes a lot of numerical information or data, you may want to consider placing it into a table or a figure, rather than typing it all out. A visual figure or simple, organized table filled with numerical data is often easier for readers to digest and comprehend than tons of paragraphs filled with numbers. Chapter 7 of the Publication manual outlines formatting for tables and figures. Let's cover the basics below.

If you'd like to include a table or figure in your paper, here are a few key pieces of information to keep in mind:

Either place all tables and figures:

1. At the end of the paper after the APA reference page

2. In the text after it is first mentioned

The table first mentioned in the text should be titled 'Table 1.' The next table mentioned in the text is 'Table 2,' and so on. For figures, it would be 'Figure 1,' 'Figure 2,' and so forth.

Even though every table and figure is numbered, also create a title for each that describes the information it contains. Capitalize all important words in the title.

For tables, do not use any vertical lines, only use horizontal to break up information and headings.

Single spacing is acceptable to use in tables and figures. If you prefer double spacing your information, that is okay too.

Do not include extra information or "fluff." Keep it simple!

Do not include the same exact information in the paper. Only include the complete information in one area-the table or the text.

All tables and figures must be referenced in the text. It is unacceptable to throw a table or figure into the back of the paper without first providing a brief summary or explanation of its relevance.

Example:

Here is the text description of the APA table example.

Publication Manual 6th Edition vs 7th Edition

The 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association was released in 2009. The current 7th edition came out in the fall of 2019 and was designed to be more student focused, provide more guidance on accessibility, and address changes that have developed over the last 10 years.

Below, we've listed what we feel are the most relevant changes related to APA format.

Journals and DOIs

DOI stands for "digital object identifier." Many journal articles use and have a unique DOI that should be included in a full citation.

When including a DOI in a citation, format it as a URL. Do not label it "DOI." Articles without DOIs from databases are treated as print works. For example:
6th edition:
%%Gänsicke, B. T., Schreiber, M. R., Toloza, O., Fusillo, N. P. G., Koester, D., & Manser, C. J. (2019). Accretion of a giant planet onto a white dwarf star. Nature, 576(7785), 61-64. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1789-8
7th edition:
%%Gänsicke, B. T., Schreiber, M. R., Toloza, O., Fusillo, N. P. G., Koester, D., & Manser, C. J. (2019). Accretion of a giant planet onto a white dwarf star. Nature, 576(7785), 61-64. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1789-8

Citing Books

There are few new guidelines when you are citing a book. First, the publisher location no longer needs to be indicated.
6th edition:
%%Zack, P. O. (2001). The shoals of time. Bloomington, IN: First Books Library.
7th edition:
%%Zack, P. O. (2001). The shoals of time. First Books Library.

Second, the format of an ebook (e.g., Kindle, etc.) no longer needs to be indicated.
6th edition:
%%Niven, J. (2012). Ada Blackjack: A true story of survival in the Arctic [Kindle].
7th edition:
%%Niven, J. (2012). Ada Blackjack: A true story of survival in the Arctic.

Lastly, books from research databases without DOIs are treated the same as print works.

URLs

When using a URL in a citation, you no longer need to include the term "Retrieved from" before URLs (except with retrieval dates). The font should be blue and underlined, or black and not underlined.
6th Edition:
%%Flood, A. (2019, December 6). Britain has closed almost 800 libraries since 2010, figures show. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/dec/06/britain-has-closed-almost-800-libraries-since-2010-figures-show
7th Edition:
%%Flood, A. (2019, December 6). Britain has closed almost 800 libraries since 2010, figures show. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/dec/06/britain-has-closed-almost-800-libraries-since-2010-figures-show

Authors

Within a full APA citation, you may spell out up to 20 author names. For two to 20 authors, include an ampersand (&) before the name of the last author. For sources with 21 or more authors, structure it as follows:

Structure: First 19 authors' names, . . . Last author's name.

7th edition example: Washington, G., Adams, J., Jefferson, T., Madison, J., Monroe, J., Adams, J. Q., Jackson, A., Van Buren, M., Harrison, W. H., Tyler, J., Polk, J. K., Taylor, Z., Filmore, M., Pierce, F., Buchanan, J., Lincoln, A., Johnson, A., Grant, U. S., Hayes, R. B., Garfield, . . . Trump, D.

When creating an in-text citation for a source with 3 or more authors, use "et al." after the first author's name. This helps abbreviate the mention.

6th Edition: (Honda, Johnson, Prosser, Rossi, 2019)

7th Edition: (Honda et al., 2019)

Tables and Figures

Instead of having different formats for tables and figures, both use one standardized format. Now both tables and figures have a number, a title, name of the table/figure, and a note at the bottom.

If you're still typing into Google "how to cite a website APA" among other related questions and keywords, click here for further reading on the style.

When you're through with your writing, toss your entire paper into the Citation Machine Plus plagiarism checker, which will scan your paper for grammar edits and give you up to 5 suggestions cards for free! Worry less about a determiner, preposition, or adverb out of place and focus on your research!

References

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) (2020). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Updated March 3, 2020 Written and edited by Michele Kirschenbaum and Wendy Ikemoto. Michele Kirschenbaum has been an awesome school librarian since 2006 and is an expert in citing sources. Wendy Ikemoto has a master's degree in library and information science and has been working for Citation Machine since 2012.

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Generate APA citations in seconds. Start citing books, websites, journals, and more with the Citation Machine® APA Citation Generator.

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This slide presentation is a very useful overview for learning about the reference page and in-text citations.

Note: With APA, you should paraphrase most of the time. Quotes are rare.

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In your article, a quote from an outside source is called an indirect source. In APA, you are expected to use your article's references to locate the outside source directly. When you can't locate it, it's called an indirect quote. If you use an indirect quote, you must indicate that in your paragraph or in the parenthesis.

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When citing sources (APA style), you cite in two places: on the page called, References, and in the paragraph.

In general, in the paragraph, you must tell the reader the author, year of publication, and page number or paragraph number.

The image here shows some of the basics.

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In addition to providing a References page at the end of your paper, you must also cite your sources within the paper itself. All sources that are cited within the text of your paper text must appear in the References list at the end of the paper. In-text citations (sometimes referred to as parenthetical citations or references) provide at least the author's last name and the year of publication. For direct quotations and some paraphrases, a page number is given as well.

APA style requires the use of the past tense or the present perfect tense in signal phrases introducing cited material: Smith (2005) reported; Smith (2005) has argued.

If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference.

When possible, cite electronic sources, including online sources, as you would any other source, giving the author and the year. Electronic sources sometimes lack authors' names, dates, or page numbers. Do not include a URL in the in-text citation.

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InfoGuides: Model United Nations: APA In-Text Citations

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In addition to providing a References page at the end of your paper, you must also cite your sources within the paper itself. All sources that are cited within the text of your paper text must appear in the References list at the end of the paper.

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The painting I'm interested in is The Starry Sky. It was completed by the famous painter Van Gogh. This painting can bring people a lot of imagination. It can be seen from the painting that Van Gogh vividly depicts the starry sky full of movement and change with exaggeration. The whole picture was swallowed up by a turbulent blue-green torrent. The rotating, restless and curly Nebula made the night sky extremely active. The scene divorced from reality reflected Van Gogh's restless emotion and crazy illusion world.

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This video takes you through the process of citing webpages in APA 7th edition using an example from the CDC. The most common exceptions are also covered, such as group authors, no author, and no date.

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The art I am interested in is piano music, because I think the music played by piano is very beautiful, very relaxing, and also very exciting. I like piano music.

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巴赫 g大调小步舞曲 - minuet in g major bwv anh116 - inner art of music

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巴赫 G大调小步舞曲 - Minuet in G major BWV Anh116 - Inner Art of Music_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u5wtFyixoo原曲：Minuet in G major BWV Anh116原作者：巴赫演奏者：Inner Art of Music钢琴谱：www.pianosbay.com, 视频播放量 1326、弹幕量 0、点赞数 24、投硬币枚数 3、收藏人数 22、转发人数 7, 视频作者 肖邦同学, 作者简介 ，相关视频：巴赫初级钢琴曲集-G大调小步舞曲，BWV Anh.

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Over 2,000 years ago, the medical community has known that overweight or obesity can lead to complications and death . Being overweight is being overweight beyond the "normal" range. BMI, defined as weight divided by height squared in kilograms /m2, is an imperfect measure but widely used to determine underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity. BMI between 25 and 29.9kg/m2 is considered overweight, BMI > 30kg/m2 is considered obese, and BMI > 40kg/m2(or ≥35kg/m2 with comorbidities) is considered severely obese.

Obesity in adulthood significantly reduces life expectancy in both men and women. Life expectancy has steadily increased over the past two centuries, but rising obesity rates could bring that trend to an end.

Obese smokers have a much shorter life expectancy than non-obese smokers or obese non-smokers.

All-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality are generally higher with higher BMI. The risk curve was j-shaped, with mortality increasing as BMI increased above 25kg/m2. This is especially true for severely obese patients. Four million deaths worldwide in 2015 were related to being overweight, with more than 320,000 deaths in the United States in 2014.
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/zh-Hans/overweight-and-obesity-in-adults-health-consequences
-Jimmy

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Because I think this author is completely talking about how to solve the problem of obesity and why it happens. And I think the author's example is very good. In my opinion, how can obese people lose weight effectively? No matter how to lose weight, ultimately can not do without diet and exercise with this is the need to understand, in terms of diet, of course, is to eat the lowest calorie ingredients, and pay attention to nutrition balance, in terms of exercise must pay attention to choose a higher intensity, sustainable for a longer time, with the effect of weight loss is very good.

MA, J. A. C. K. (2018, January 20). Obesity and overweight. World Health Organization. Retrieved March 25, 2022, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

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Key facts

In 2022, 1 in 8 people in the world were living with obesity.

Worldwide adult obesity has more than doubled since 1990, and adolescent obesity has quadrupled.

In 2022, 2.5 billion adults (18 years and older) were overweight. Of these, 890 million were living with obesity.

In 2022, 43% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight and 16% were living with obesity.

In 2022, 37 million children under the age of 5 were overweight.

Over 390 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 years were overweight in 2022, including 160 million who were living with obesity.

Overview

Overweight is a condition of excessive fat deposits.

Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health. Obesity can lead to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, it can affect bone health and reproduction, it increases the risk of certain cancers. Obesity influences the quality of living, such as sleeping or moving.

The diagnosis of overweight and obesity is made by measuring people's weight and height and by calculating the body mass index (BMI): weight (kg)/height² (m²). The body mass index is a surrogate marker of fatness and additional measurements, such as the waist circumference, can help the diagnosis of obesity.

The BMI categories for defining obesity vary by age and gender in infants, children and adolescents.

Adults

For adults, WHO defines overweight and obesity as follows:

overweight is a BMI greater than or equal to 25; and

obesity is a BMI greater than or equal to 30.

For children, age needs to be considered when defining overweight and obesity.

Children under 5 years of age

For children under 5 years of age:

overweight is weight-for-height greater than 2 standard deviations above WHO Child Growth Standards median; and

obesity is weight-for-height greater than 3 standard deviations above the WHO Child Growth Standards median.

Charts and tables: WHO child growth standards for children aged under 5 years

Children aged between 5-19 years

Overweight and obesity are defined as follows for children aged between 5-19 years:

overweight is BMI-for-age greater than 1 standard deviation above the WHO Growth Reference median; and

obesity is greater than 2 standard deviations above the WHO Growth Reference median.

Charts and tables: WHO growth reference for children aged between 5-19 years

Facts about overweight and obesity

In 2022, 2.5 billion adults aged 18 years and older were overweight, including over 890 million adults who were living with obesity. This corresponds to 43% of adults aged 18 years and over (43% of men and 44% of women) who were overweight; an increase from 1990, when 25% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight. Prevalence of overweight varied by region, from 31% in the WHO South-East Asia Region and the African Region to 67% in the Region of the Americas.

About 16% of adults aged 18 years and older worldwide were obese in 2022. The worldwide prevalence of obesity more than doubled between 1990 and 2022.

In 2022, an estimated 37 million children under the age of 5 years were overweight. Once considered a high-income country problem, overweight is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. In Africa, the number of overweight children under 5 years has increased by nearly 23% since 2000. Almost half of the children under 5 years who were overweight or living with obesity in 2022 lived in Asia.

Over 390 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 years were overweight in 2022. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) among children and adolescents aged 5-19 has risen dramatically from just 8% in 1990 to 20% in 2022. The rise has occurred similarly among both boys and girls: in 2022 19% of girls and 21% of boys were overweight.

While just 2% of children and adolescents aged 5-19 were obese in 1990 (31 million young people), by 2022, 8% of children and adolescents were living with obesity (160 million young people).

Causes of overweight and obesity

Overweight and obesity result from an imbalance of energy intake (diet) and energy expenditure (physical activity).

In most cases obesity is a multifactorial disease due to obesogenic environments, psycho-social factors and genetic variants. In a subgroup of patients, single major etiological factors can be identified (medications, diseases, immobilization, iatrogenic procedures, monogenic disease/genetic syndrome).

The obesogenic environment exacerbating the likelihood of obesity in individuals, populations and in different settings is related to structural factors limiting the availability of healthy sustainable food at locally affordable prices, lack of safe and easy physical mobility into the daily life of all people, and absence of adequate legal and regulatory environment.

At the same time, the lack of an effective health system response to identify excess weight gain and fat deposition in their early stages is aggravating the progression to obesity.

Common health consequences

The health risks caused by overweight and obesity are increasingly well documented and understood.

In 2019, higher-than-optimal BMI caused an estimated 5 million deaths from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, neurological disorders, chronic respiratory diseases, and digestive disorders (1).

Being overweight in childhood and adolescence affects children's and adolescents' immediate health and is associated with greater risk and earlier onset of various NCDs, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Childhood and adolescent obesity have adverse psychosocial consequences; it affects school performance and quality of life, compounded by stigma, discrimination and bullying. Children with obesity are very likely to be adults with obesity and are also at a higher risk of developing NCDs in adulthood.

The economic impacts of the obesity epidemic are also important. If nothing is done, the global costs of overweight and obesity are predicted to reach US$ 3 trillion per year by 2030 and more than US$ 18 trillion by 2060 (2).

Finally, the rise in obesity rates in low-and middle-income countries, including among lower socio-economic groups, is fast globalizing a problem that was once associated only with high-income countries.

Facing a double burden of malnutrition

Many low- and middle-income countries face a so-called double burden of malnutrition.

While these countries continue to deal with the problems of infectious diseases and undernutrition, they are also experiencing a rapid upsurge in noncommunicable disease risk factors such as obesity and overweight.

It is common to find undernutrition and obesity co-existing within the same country, the same community and the same household.

Children in low- and middle-income countries are more vulnerable to inadequate pre-natal, infant, and young child nutrition. At the same time, these children are exposed to high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt, energy-dense, and micronutrient-poor foods, which tend to be lower in cost but also lower in nutrient quality. These dietary patterns, in conjunction with lower levels of physical activity, result in sharp increases in childhood obesity while undernutrition issues remain unsolved.

Prevention and management

Overweight and obesity, as well as their related noncommunicable diseases, are largely preventable and manageable.

At the individual level, people may be able to reduce their risk by adopting preventive interventions at each step of the life cycle, starting from pre-conception and continuing during the early years. These include:

ensure appropriate weight gain during pregnancy;

practice exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months after birth and continued breastfeeding until 24 months or beyond;

support behaviours of children around healthy eating, physical activity, sedentary behaviours and sleep, regardless of current weight status;

limit screen time;

limit consumption of sugar sweetened beverages and energy-dense foods and promote other healthy eating behaviours;

enjoy a healthy life (healthy diet, physical activity, sleep duration and quality, avoid tobacco and alcohol, emotional self-regulation);

limit energy intake from total fats and sugars and increase consumption of fruit and vegetables, as well as legumes, whole grains and nuts; and

engage in regular physical activity.

Health practitioners need to

assess the weight and height of people accessing the health facilities;

provide counselling on healthy diet and lifestyles;

when a diagnosis of obesity is established, provide integrated obesity prevention and management health services including on healthy diet, physical activity and medical and surgical measures; and

monitor other NCD risk factors (blood glucose, lipids and blood pressure) and assess the presence of comorbidities and disability, including mental health disorders.

The dietary and physical activity patterns for individual people are largely the result of environmental and societal conditions that greatly constrain personal choice. Obesity is a societal rather than an individual responsibility, with the solutions to be found through the creation of supportive environments and communities that embed healthy diets and regular physical activity as the most accessible, available and affordable behaviours of daily life.

Stopping the rise in obesity demands multisectoral actions such as food manufacturing, marketing and pricing and others that seek to address the wider determinants of health (such as poverty reduction and urban planning).

Such policies and actions include:

structural, fiscal and regulatory actions aimed at creating healthy food environments that make healthier food options available, accessible and desirable; and

health sector responses designed and equipped to identify risk, prevent, treat and manage the disease. These actions need to build upon and be integrated into broader efforts to address NCDs and strengthen health systems through a primary health care approach.

The food industry can play a significant role in promoting healthy diets by:

reducing the fat, sugar and salt content of processed foods;

ensuring that healthy and nutritious choices are available and affordable to all consumers;

restricting marketing of foods high in sugars, salt and fats, especially those foods aimed at children and teenagers; and

ensuring the availability of healthy food choices and supporting regular physical activity practice in the workplace.

WHO response

WHO has recognized the need to tackle the global obesity crisis in an urgent manner for many years.

The World Health Assembly Global Nutrition Targets aiming to ensure no increase in childhood overweight, and the NCD target to halt the rise of diabetes and obesity by 2025, were endorsed by WHO Member States. They recognized that accelerated global action is needed to address pervasive and corrosive problem of the double burden of malnutrition.

At the 75 th World Health Assembly in 2022, Member States demanded and adopted new recommendations for the prevention and management of obesity and endorsed the WHO Acceleration plan to stop obesity. Since its endorsement, the Acceleration plan has shaped the political environment to generate impetus needed for sustainable change, created a platform to shape, streamline and prioritize policy, support implementation in countries and drive impact and strengthen accountability at national and global level.
References
1. GBD 2019 Risk Factor Collaborators. "Global Burden of 87 Risk Factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019". Lancet. 2020;396:1223-1249.

2. Okunogbe et al., "Economic Impacts of Overweight and Obesity." 2nd Edition with Estimates for 161 Countries. World Obesity Federation, 2022.

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Obesity and overweight fact sheet from WHO providing key facts and information on causes, health consequences, double burden of disease, prevention, WHO response.

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Photography is one of my favorite arts. By thinking about the composition and the structure of light and shadow, I can create beautiful scenes through the camera and record them, which can bring me happiness and a sense of achievement.（This is my favorite photography video recently.）

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在地球一角，做个关于岛屿的梦 | 塔斯马尼亚 | a7r4

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跟着up主创作吧（第三期）

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在地球一角，做个关于岛屿的梦 | 塔斯马尼亚 | A7R4_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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这是今年初在在塔斯马尼亚旅行的回忆。从疫情开始就没有旅行过了，在塔州感受到了许久未有的自由。-从最北部Stanley纯净的海岸线驶过穿越摇篮山的原始森林坐在澳洲最深的湖泊旁聆听浪涛的声音骑行在无人居住的玛丽亚岛上寻找袋熊的身影最后回到古老的霍巴特悠闲地吹着海风-亲身来到塔斯马尼亚，才真正体会到了为什么这里被称作"世界的尽头"-中心那样纷扰，尽头如此安静-相机&镜头：Sony a7r4 | , 视频播放量 206053、弹幕量 462、点赞数 21348、投硬币枚数 14304、收藏人数 15753、转发人数 3044, 视频作者 小马戴草帽, 作者简介 寻找这世上安静的角落，分享我们眼中的世界 胶片日常 & 治愈系短片，相关视频：【果然】油管Haylsa & Kyle「4K 澳大利亚最美丽的岛屿|塔斯马尼亚旅游Vlog！」电影质感VLOG，4K 冰岛之旅，"世界的尽头"塔斯马尼亚除了有比脸大的鲍鱼还有什么？，【风光纪录片】塔斯马尼亚 澳大利亚的魅力岛屿，【电影感短片】夕陽是永遠的浪漫，南半球秋已至，一场雨后的金色梦乡｜墨尔本｜4K｜A7S3，平淡或许无趣，但也来之不易｜治愈生活短片，【丽江旅拍】如果只用一支35mm的镜头拍摄 | 索尼35GM，一个人的新疆旅行（上） | 妈妈，我遇到喜欢的人了 | VLOG，VLOG | 拥抱大自然 珍惜当下

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One of the great articles I've read talks about the role of Depression in obesity.

This summarizes what the author mentioned in an article entitled Depression Leads to Obesity. I agree that a depressed person may have less energy to move and an increased appetite. Also, some depressed people may express their feelings and anger by eating.

"A study of teens in Cincinnati found that teens with depressive symptoms were more likely to become obese over the next year. The study also found that children who were both obese and depressed became obese over the next year. People with depression are more likely to overeat or make poor food choices, avoid exercise, and become more lethargic. Researchers have found that depressed people who have low levels of serotonin also tend to be obese — they tend to overeat in an effort to self-medicate and restore serotonin levels to normal."

Thompson, D., & Bass, P. F. (2011, July 15). Depression and Obesity - Depression Center - EverydayHealth.com. Everyday Health. Retrieved March 22, 2022, from https://www.everydayhealth.com/depression/depression-and-obesity.aspx.

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The goal of finding personally meaningful music has led to a new type of therapy that is uniquely suited to the digital age — the Music & Memory program, run by a nonprofit founded in 2006 by a social worker named Dan Cohen.

Music & Memory hinges on the unique power of songs that are specific to each patient’s personal preferences and history. Giving someone with dementia the opportunity to listen to “their” songs through headphones connected to iPods or other portable listening devices can arouse strong positive emotions and stimulate the brain.

They found music could help treat people.
https://www.everydayhealth.com/alzheimers-disease/the-power-of-music-therapy-for-alzheimers-and-dementia-care/

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It might be easy to think that music therapy for Alzheimer's dementia is well-intentioned and kindhearted, certainly, but ultimately not all that helpful against such a destructive disease. But there's an enormous amount of anecdotal evidence that music therapy can significantly help many people with Alzheimer's, with research beginning to confirm these observations and analyzing how and why music therapy works.

Therapists are learning more about how to use music to access parts of the mind that remain largely unaffected, even as Alzheimer's disease devastates other areas of the brain, with a few small studies confirming this effect through the use of magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) and other imaging methods.

While enrolling people with dementia into clinical trials has proved challenging, research, such as a review published in March 2019 in Frontiers in Neuroscience, has found that music therapy can lead to improvements in behavioral, cognitive, and social functioning - helping allay anxiety and depression and reducing the use of anti-anxiety and antipsychotic medication in nursing homes and assisted living facilities, per a study published in January 2018 in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.

Phrased less clinically, it's clear that for many people with Alzheimer's dementia, the right kind of music therapy can provide comfort, joy, and connection during a frightening and lonely time.

So many of us "respond to music in some way, shape, or form, whether it's a physical response, an emotional response, a social response, or a cognitive response," says Joy Allen, chair of the music therapy department at the Berklee School of Music in Boston. "We know that in dementia, the brain is damaged, but the part that responds to music is one of the last that seems to go."

What Music Therapy for Alzheimer's Can Do

Music therapy isn't listening to or making music for entertainment; it is a healthcare discipline. The American Music Therapy Association describes it as "the clinical and evidence-based use of musical interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program."

Music therapy for Alzheimer's dementia can take many forms. "We do find that singing is definitely a big thing," Allen says. "With singing there's the predictability of rhythm that is soothing. But also, if you think about it, you have to breathe when you're singing, and that has a relaxing quality to it, too."

Singing can also offer social connection, which helps explain the rise of "dementia choirs" around the country made up of people with early to middle-stage Alzheimer's, and sometimes their caregivers too, as profiled in a 2019 article in the Journal of Intergenerational Relationships. Says Allen, "With dementia choirs, it's no longer, 'Do you know my name?' or 'Tell me what day it is.' It's 'Hey, we can enjoy each other's presence and companionship.'"

As everyone sings together it becomes clear that a person with Alzheimer's is still a person, and not just their disease. Allen adds that even people with dementia who have trouble finding the right words in conversation may have an easier time recalling lyrics to a familiar song.

As dementia advances, music's calming quality can decrease agitation during anxiety-producing events of daily life and make transitions less fraught for both those with Alzheimer's and their caregivers. "So if you need a person to walk, by singing something familiar like 'When the Saint Go Marching In,' the focus is on the reward of the song instead of the discomfort of what they're doing," says Allen.

Drumming circles with percussive instruments such as egg shakers are another type of group activity that may help people with dementia. "You don't have to know anything fancy or complicated. You just have to know a heartbeat - it's that simple motor response," Allen says. "And that goes back to the principle of entrainment, where your body and your brain and your central nervous system are automatically activating to create purposeful movement." That active rhythm provides predictability ("It's a time sequence; you know what's going to happen," Allen explains), which can decrease tension and agitation.

A music therapist also has methods for making listening to music beneficial. "The person can be sitting in their chair, and you can be moving with them in rhythm, which is going to help activate a connection," Allen says. "But the key is, you have to use that music effectively. You don't want it in the background all the time, because then the person tunes it out. You want to use it in ways that are purposeful and meaningful, making sure that the music is also culturally relevant to the person. It's going back and seeing the different roles music has played throughout their lives, because that's what they connect to."

How Personalized Music Reawakens the Brain

The goal of finding personally meaningful music has led to a new type of therapy that is uniquely suited to the digital age - the Music & Memory program, run by a nonprofit founded in 2006 by a social worker named Dan Cohen.

Music & Memory hinges on the unique power of songs that are specific to each patient's personal preferences and history. Giving someone with dementia the opportunity to listen to "their" songs through headphones connected to iPods or other portable listening devices can arouse strong positive emotions and stimulate the brain.

A documentary called Alive Inside, which won the 2014 Audience Award at the Sundance Film Festival in Utah, follows residents of long-term care facilities as they experience Music & Memory for the first time. The camera records anxious, withdrawn, and even seemingly unreachable men and women as they "wake up" - raising slumped heads, tapping feet, pushing walkers to the side and dancing, or even in one remarkable case sharing detailed childhood memories with an interviewer - while listening joyfully to the songs they loved when they were young.

Galvanized by the film and looking to see if research could support the movie's storytelling, a number of scientists have been finding evidence to corroborate the effects of Music & Memory.

While studies have been limited by size and other variables, there have been a number of encouraging findings. One study, published in September 2017 in the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, found that nursing homes that used Music & Memory saw significant improvements in behavioral symptoms of dementia as well as a notable decline in the amount of anti-anxiety and antipsychotic medications they gave patients.

Alive Inside has been instrumental in spreading the word about Music & Memory. For instance, after seeing the film at Sundance, a private donor in Utah initiated ambitious follow-up efforts through a multidisciplinary team of researchers at University of Utah Health and a consortium of business and community leaders throughout the state. As a result, the Music and Memory program was rolled out to every nursing home and long-term dementia-care facility in Utah.

The program is currently used in all 50 states and internationally, with the Music & Memory organization also offering instruction for home caregivers.

"It's really quite remarkable," says Norman Foster, MD, a geriatric neurologist and director of the Center for Alzheimer's Care and Imaging Research at University of Utah Health. Dr. Foster is senior author of a small study published in 2019 in The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease that used functional MRI to scan the brains of subjects with Alzheimer's as they listened to personally meaningful music. The scans revealed that the experience caused different regions of the brain to communicate, including the visual network, salience network, executive network, and cerebellar and corticocerebellar network.

"My hope and my goal was to encourage research," says Music & Memory founder Dan Cohen. Today, Cohen is working to launch an initiative called Right to Music, aimed at promoting personalized music as a go-to therapy for people with dementia, too many of whom are on antipsychotic drugs that "kind of scramble your brain," as he puts it.

"I spoke to a conference of a thousand pharmacists, who oversee drug regimens in nursing homes and assisted living, and they know that our elders over 85 are overmedicated," Cohen says. "They know we need to de-prescribe and they're looking for tools to do it, and personalized music is one of them."

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The Power of Music Therapy for Alzheimer and Dementia Care

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It might be easy to think that music therapy for Alzheimer's dementia is well-intentioned and kindhearted, certainly, but ultimately not all that helpful against such a destructive disease. But there's an enormous amount of anecdotal evidence that music therapy can significantly help many people with Alzheimer's, with research beginning to confirm these observations and analyzing how and why music therapy works.

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One the article that I found interesting is about art therapy. I read that this type of art is a means of emotional release through the use of cole and forms.

Some benefits offered by art therapy are:
Self-esteem: Each creation is unique and unrepeatable, just like each person.

Expression of feelings and emotions: Sometimes it happens that the person does not find the right words to name what happens internally.

Self-knowledge: When a person writes a diary, they can reread what they wrote as a manifestation of their current situation at that time.

Development of creativity: Imagination and creativity are qualities that sometimes fall asleep under the syndrome of constant occupation.

Therefore, art therapy is a discipline that increases creativity through conscious presence in the connection with the here and now that starts from emotional expression.

Cherry, K (2021, August 31) Therapeutic Benefits Offers Art Therapy. [web log]. Retrieved March 21, 2020, from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-art-therapy-2795755
-Nat. :)

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Art therapy is a treatment approach that integrates psychotherapeutic techniques with the creative process to improve well-being. Learn more about art therapy.

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How to reduce the burden of overweight and obesity.

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How to reduce the burden of overweight and obesity.

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At the individual level, people can:

Limit energy intake from total fat and sugar;
Increase consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as legumes, whole grains and nuts;
Regular physical activity (60 minutes a day for children, 150 minutes a week for adults).

The food industry can play an important role in promoting healthy eating:

Reducing fat, sugar and salt in processed foods;
Ensuring that all consumers have access to affordable healthy nutritional options;
Restrict marketing of foods high in sugar, salt and fat, particularly to children and adolescents.
Ensure the availability of healthy food options and support regular physical activity in the workplace.

Overweight and obesity and their associated chronic diseases are largely preventable. Supportive environments and communities are key to determining people's choices, making healthier food choices and regular physical activity the easiest choice (the most accessible, accessible and affordable choice) to prevent overweight and obesity.

Title:肥胖和超重
Website title:WHO | World Health Organization
URL:https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Date published:April 1, 2020
Date accessed:March 22, 2022
Contributors:WHO
https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

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身体质量指数（BMI）是身高别体重的简便指数，通常用于对成人进行超重和肥胖分类。其定义为按公斤计算的体重除以按米计算的身高的平方（kg/m ² ）。

成人

世卫组织对成人做出的超重和肥胖定义如下：

身体质量指数等于或大于25时为超重；

身体质量指数等于或大于30时为肥胖。

身体质量指数因为对男女和各年龄的成人都一样，因而是最有用的人口水平超重和肥胖衡量标准。但是，由于它未必意味着不同个体的肥胖程度相同，因而应将其视为粗略的指导。

对儿童而言，在对超重和肥胖做出定义时需考虑年龄因素。

5岁以下儿童

超重为身高别体重大于世卫组织儿童生长标准中位数的2个标准差；

肥胖为身高别体重大于世卫组织儿童生长标准中位数的3个标准差。

世卫组织5岁以下儿童生长标准图表 - 英文
5-19岁儿童

对5-19岁儿童做出的超重和肥胖定义如下：

超重为年龄别身体质量指数大于世卫组织生长标准中位数的1个标准差；

肥胖为年龄别身体质量指数大于世卫组织生长标准中位数的2个标准差。

世卫组织5-19岁儿童生长标准图表 - 英文
有关超重和肥胖的事实

世卫组织近期所做的一些全球估计数字如下：

2016年，逾19亿18岁（含）以上成人超重，其中超过6.5亿人肥胖。

2016年，有39%的18岁及以上成人（男性39%，女性40%）超重。

总体而言，在2016年时全世界约有13%的成人（男性11%，女性15%）肥胖。

全球肥胖流行率在1975年和2016年之间增长近三倍。

2019年，估计有3820万名5岁以下儿童超重或肥胖。一度被视为高收入国家问题的超重和肥胖，如今在低收入和中等收入国家，尤其是在城市环境中呈上升发展趋势。自2000年以来，非洲5岁以下儿童的超重人数已增加近24%。2019年，5岁以下超重或肥胖的儿童中，近半数生活在亚洲。

2016年，超过3.4亿名5-19岁儿童和青少年超重或肥胖。

5-19岁儿童和青少年的超重和肥胖流行率从1975年的仅4%大幅上升到2016年的18%以上。男孩和女孩中的上升情况类似：在2016年，有18%的女孩和19%岁的男孩超重。

1975年时只有不足1%的5-19岁儿童和青少年出现肥胖，但在2016年超过1.24亿名儿童和青少年（6%为女孩和8%为男孩）存在肥胖情况。

在全世界，与超重和肥胖相关的死亡人数大于体重不足引起的死亡。全球的肥胖人数多于体重不足人数，每一个地区的情况都是这样，撒哈拉以南非洲和亚洲部分地区除外。

肥胖和超重是由什么原因引起的?

肥胖和超重的根本原因是摄入卡路里与消耗卡路里之间的能量不平衡。就全球范围而言：

富含脂肪和糖的高能量食品摄入持续增加；

越来越多的工作形式为久坐的性质、交通方式的变化以及城市化加剧均使缺少体力活动问题加重。

饮食及身体活动模式的变化通常是由发展引起的环境及社会变化以及卫生、农业、交通、城市规划、环境、食品加工、供应、市场及教育等部门缺乏支持性政策的结果。

超重和肥胖的常见健康后果是什么？

身体质量指数升高是罹患非传染性疾病的重大风险因素，如：

心血管疾病（主要是心脏病和中风），这是2012年的头号死因；

糖尿病；

肌肉骨骼疾患（特别是骨关节炎--关节的一种高度致残退行性疾病）；

某些癌症（包括子宫内膜、乳腺、卵巢、前列腺、肝脏、胆囊、肾脏和结肠）。

随着身体质量指数的升高，非传染性疾病的患病风险也随之提高。

儿童期肥胖会使成年期肥胖、早逝和残疾出现的几率更大。但是，除了未来风险升高之外，肥胖儿童还会经历呼吸困难、骨折风险升高、高血压、心血管疾病的早期征兆、胰岛素耐受及心理影响。

面临营养不良和肥胖的双重负担

许多低收入和中等收入国家目前正面临营养不良和肥胖的"双重负担"。

这些国家在继续应对传染病和营养不良等问题的同时，也正在经历肥胖和超重等非传染性疾病高危因素的迅速增长，尤其是在城市环境中。

在同一国家内、同一社区内甚至同一家庭内营养不良和肥胖共存的情况并不罕见。

低收入和中等收入国家的儿童更容易出现产前、婴儿及幼儿营养不足。同时这些儿童还暴露在高脂、高糖、高盐、能量密度高以及微量营养素不足的食品环境中，这些食品往往更廉价，而营养素质量也更低。在营养不良的问题尚未解决的情况下，如此饮食模式加之更低水平的身体活动导致了儿童肥胖的急剧上升。

如何减轻超重和肥胖负担？

超重和肥胖及其相关慢性病在很大程度上是可预防的。支持性环境和社区是决定人们选择的关键，使选择更健康食品和进行定期身体活动成为最容易的选择（最具可得性、可及性和可负担性的选择），从而预防超重和肥胖。

在个体水平上，人们可以：

限制来自于总脂肪和糖的能量摄入；

增加水果、蔬菜以及豆类、全谷类及坚果的食用量；

定期进行身体活动（儿童每天60分钟，成人每周150分钟）。

只有当人们具有健康的生活方式时，个体责任才能发挥最大效果。因此，在社会水平上很重要的是通过持续落实以证据为基础和基于人口的政策来遵循上述建议，这些政策可使每个人得到可以获得、能够承担以及容易获得的定期身体活动和健康饮食选择，特别是对最贫穷的个人。这类政策的一个例证就是对加糖饮料征税。

食品工业可以在促进健康饮食方面起到重要作用：

减少加工食品中的脂肪、糖和盐含量；

确保所有消费者均可以得到可负担得起的健康营养选择；

限制营销高糖、高盐和高脂食品，尤其是针对儿童和青少年的营销活动。

确保健康食品选择的可得性并支持在工作场所定期进行身体活动。

世卫组织的应对

2004年世界卫生大会通过了《世卫组织饮食、身体活动与健康全球战略》，2011年非传染性疾病问题政治宣言确认了这项战略。该战略阐述了为支持健康饮食和经常从事身体活动所需开展的行动，并要求所有利益攸关方在全球、区域和地方各级采取行动，改善人口饮食和身体活动方式。

《2030年可持续发展议程》指出，非传染性疾病是可持续发展领域的一大挑战。国家元首和政府首脑在《2030年可持续发展议程》中承诺制定宏伟的国家对策，通过提供预防和治疗服务，决心到2030年将非传染性疾病过早死亡人数减少三分之一（可持续发展目标3.4）。

"2018-2030年促进身体活动全球行动计划（加强身体活动，造就健康世界）"制定了有效和可行的政策行动，以加强全球身体活动。世卫组织发行了一套ACTIVE技术资料，帮助各国规划和实施应对措施。世卫组织于2019年发布了关于5岁以下儿童身体活动、久坐不动行为和睡眠问题的新指南。

世界卫生大会对终止儿童肥胖委员会2016年的报告及其关于在生命过程关键阶段处理导致肥胖的环境以解决儿童肥胖问题的6项建议表示欢迎。2017年世界卫生大会还对世卫组织制定的关于指导各国采取行动落实该委员会各项建议的实施计划表示欢迎。

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身体质量指数（BMI）是身高别体重的简便指数，通常用于对成人进行超重和肥胖分类。其定义为按公斤计算的体重除以按米计算的身高的平方（kg/m 2 ）。 世卫组织对成人做出的超重和肥胖定义如下： 身体质量指数等于或大于25时为超重； 身体质量指数等于或大于30时为肥胖。 ...

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I think the author mentioned that eating too much fast food can lead to obesity, overweight and even high blood pressure. I'm interested in it because I want to solve this problem, and I have fat friends. I found this website that can solve hypertension
The DASH diet works by limiting not only sodium but also saturated fat — both of which can be detrimental to heart health, says Kimberley Rose-Francis, RDN, CDCES, a dietitian and diabetes educator in Sebring, Florida. A diet that's heavy in salt can drive up blood pressure, which puts unnecessary strain on the heart muscle, Rose-Francis says. Saturated fat, on the other hand, can increase cholesterol levels. “Cholesterol has the potential of blocking or decreasing the flow of blood to the heart,” Rose-Francis says, adding that restricted blood flow can lead to heart attack and stroke.

The DASH diet also works by increasing foods that provide fiber, lean protein, and other nutrients thought to help lower blood pressure.

People who want to lower their blood pressure should combine the diet with other healthy lifestyle approaches to manage hypertension, such as getting more exercise, losing weight, cutting back on alcohol consumption, and managing stress levels. Quitting smoking and getting plenty of sleep are also recommended and can improve your overall health.

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DASH Diet: A Guide to the Scientific Plan for Lowering Blood Pressure

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The DASH diet is a great eating approach for people with high blood pressure. Learn more about what the DASH diet is and its potential benefits for heart health. Plus, find a sample menu for the plan.

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There are many causes for obesity, I will write about some of these causes to let you know about what ways I'll going to write.
1. Genetics

Obesity has a strong genetic component. Children of parents with obesity are much more likely to have obesity than children of lean parents.

That doesn’t mean that obesity is completely predetermined. What you eat can have a major effect on which genes are expressed and which are not.

Non-industrialized societies rapidly develop obesity when they start eating a typical Western diet. Their genes didn’t change, but the environment and the signals they sent to their genes did.

Put simply, genetic components do affect your susceptibility to gaining weight. Studies on identical twins demonstrate this very well.
2. Engineered Junk Foods

Heavily processed foods are often little more than refined ingredients mixed with additives.

These products are designed to be cheap, last long on the shelf and taste so incredibly good that they are hard to resist.

By making foods as tasty as possible, food manufacturers are trying to increase sales. But they also promote overeating.

Most processed foods today don’t resemble whole foods at all. These are highly engineered products, designed to get people hooked.

3. Food Addiction

Many sugar-sweetened, high-fat junk foods stimulate the reward centers in your brain (3, 4
Trusted Source).

In fact, these foods are often compared to commonly abused drugs like alcohol, cocaine, nicotine and cannabis.

Junk foods can cause addiction in susceptible individuals. These people lose control over their eating behavior, similar to people struggling with alcohol addiction losing control over their drinking behavior.

Addiction is a complex issue that can be very difficult to overcome. When you become addicted to something, you lose your freedom of choice and the biochemistry in your brain starts calling the shots for you.

https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/10-causes-of-weight-gain#TOC_TITLE_HDR_5

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I chose the article about obesity and its impact on children because it is a widespread phenomenon globally, and you need to know its causes and how to avoid it

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The number of overweight children in Australia has doubled in recent years, with a quarter of children considered overweight or obese. Causes of obesity in children include unhealthy food choices, lack of physical activity and family eating habits.

This rise in the number of overweight children is disturbing, because it causes health problems and can lead to social problems. Overweight children are more likely to be teased by their peers or to develop low self-esteem or body image problems. Once children are overweight, it requires a lot of effort and commitment for them to return to a healthy weight.

Overweight and obesity in children are among the most important risks to children’s long and short-term health. Overweight children are very likely to become overweight adults.

Batch, J. & Baur, L., ‘Management and prevention of obesity and its complications in children and adolescents’, in Medical Journal of Australia, 2005, vol. 183, no. 3, pp. 130–134. More information here.

Obesity and overweight [online], World Health Organization. More information here.

‘Other diet-related risk factors and physical inactivity’ [online], in The World Health Report 2002: Reducing risks, promoting healthy life, Chapter 4, World Health Organization.

About overweight and obesity [online], Population Health, Department of Health and Aging, Australian Government. More information here.

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It's easy to get nervous when creating your APA title page. However, APA has everything laid out for you, so you don't go astray in your essay. Rather than worry, follow this simple guide to creating your APA title page for students and professionals.

How To Set Up an APA Title Page 7th Edition

When it comes to setting up your APA style paper, you need a title page. It's the first thing your teachers or colleagues encounter. Therefore, you need to make it flawless.

The road to flawlessness starts with following the basics.

Page number

Paper title

Author

Affiliation

Course (students)

Instructor (students)

Date (students)

Running head (professionals)

Author notes (professionals)

APA has designated two different styles depending on if your paper is a professional or student paper. To be comprehensive, let's look at both starting with students.

Student APA Title Page Formatting

In an attempt to make the title page formatting simple for APA students, APA format has removed the running head. One less thing you have to figure out. However, there are some specifications for the paper title, author names, course name/number, instructor, and due date.

APA Student Title Page Example

Ready to see a student title page in action? Check out this example of what an APA student title page looks like.

Page Number

Student APA format title pages include a page number at the top. It's right-aligned and ½ inch down.

Title of Paper

To create the title of the paper, follow these steps.

Hit return 3-4 times

Center the title

Use title capitalization

Keep titles focused

Place the subtitle on a separate line

Names of Authors

Now it's time to create the authors.

Under the author's name(s), add the affiliation, which will be your school. The school name includes the department and official school name with a comma to separate.
Example:
Department of English, Fictional University

Course Number, Instructor, and Due Date

Directly under your affiliation, your instructor and course name each get a line. The instructor and course are centered and capitalized. The date comes next and is in the month, day, and year, or day, month, and year format.
Example:
ENG 101: Introduction to Writing

Dr. Kim Howlena

July 21, 2020

Creating a Professional APA Title Page

In a professional title page, your page number and title are formatted the same. However, the authors, running header, and author's note are different. Explore what a professional APA title page looks like and the different elements.

APA Professional Title Page Example

Before diving into the formatting of your professional APA title page, get a clear idea of how it should look.

Running Head

Running heads are a standard of APA style. However, in 2019, the manual decided they were only needed for professional papers unless a teacher requests it. Creating a running head is simple.

Place the running head ½ inch down

Left-align

Include the title in all caps (don't include Running head: before it)

APA Title Page Formatting for Multiple Author Names

Formatting APA Authors can be a bit of a tricky subject in formatting. Why? Because each different style is different. To make sure you have a flawless flow to your title page, you must get the author's names correct, especially if you have multiple authors.

Author Name in APA Style

When writing an author's name in APA style, you need to include their full name, such as first, middle initial, and last name. However, unlike your instructor, don't include any titles like Ph.D. or MEd.

Formatting Multiple Authors on the Title Page

When it comes to multiple writers, there is a specific way APA wants you to write them out. Please keep it simple by following this format.

Two authors: separate with and

Three authors: separate with commas along with and

Examples:
John Q. Public and Jane R. Doe

John Q. Public, Jane R. Doe, and Dennis M. Johnson

Formatting Multiple Author's Affiliations

In a professional title page, you might have multiple authors with multiple affiliations. In this case, you need a way to clarify what affiliation goes with which author. To classify their affiliations, use superscript numbers after the author's name, which corresponds with the superscript number placed in front of the affiliation.
Example:
¹ Department of English, University of Kansas City

² Modern Language Department, Purdue University

³ Department of Psychology, University of Florida

Author Note

Another critical feature of an APA professional title page is the author's note. It discusses additional information for authors and even considerations in the writing of the paper.

Title Page, No Problem!

Remember, these are the APA recommended guidelines. Your teacher might request something a bit different for your title page. If so, be sure to follow what they require regardless of the APA recommendations. Now it's on to the abstract of your paper.

FAQ APA Title Page Elements and Format

How do you do a title page in APA format?

Does an APA title page have a page number?

What is the font for APA format?

How many lines down is the title in APA format?

Do all APA papers need a title page?

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APA Title Page Elements and Format | Bibliography.com

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It's easy to get nervous when creating your APA title page. However, APA has everything laid out for you, so you don't go astray in your essay. Rather than worry, follow this simple guide to creating your APA title page for students and professionals.

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It can relieve pressure and relax the body and mind. It is said that poverty limits your imagination, and kindness limits your imagination. Indeed, living in an invariable environment will also limit your imagination. If you live in a fixed environment for a long time, it limits your imagination and vision. You take everything around you for granted.

Different worlds bring you happiness and happiness. If you don't go out, you think the world is so big; If you don't go into other fields, you think people in the world are living the same life as you. Going out, different scenery and different world will open a window for your long closed heart and make your world suddenly open. You will experience the happiness you can't experience in daily life in the process of watching scenery, tasting delicious food, staying in hotels, enjoying folk customs and listening to stories.

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The answer is simple: we love it!

We enjoy the slow and peaceful breakfasts, the long walks, the new experiences, places, people and memories. They make us feel happy we are alive. No wonder! Travelling seems to combine most of the habits of healthy people.

What are the advantages of travelling? Why is travelling important?

Scientists have proven that travelling is good for both your body and your mind! Perhaps this is why we love it. Because we feel that a few minutes in the sun raise our vitamin D levels and improve our mood. Vitamin D has its health benefits too - it is good for our hearts.

The importance of travel ranges from lower chances of heart disease to relieving stress and anxiety. On top of the health benefits, travel can also enhance your creativity, your sense of happiness and satisfaction.

If you still need additional excuses/ reasons for why you should travel, read on to find out more about the main benefits of travelling the world!

When you travel, you:

1. Achieve peace of mind

Most of us live in the city. Our daily routine involves navigating through urban landscapes on crowded public transport in chase of our busy schedules. Gradually stress accumulates. Problems loom large, burnout makes us feel dissatisfied with out job, we never seem to find time for adventure.

Travel is your cure!

Travelling can disconnect you from your daily routine. Once you break the repetitive pattern, pack your bags and hit the road, your mind can reset. Seeing new places, meeting new people, overcoming various challenges may even help you appreciate what you have left behind. It can help you take a step back and think about things and people you miss. You can get a better perspective on your life and remember all the good things.

Travelling lets you live life for its own sake!

2. Enhance your creativity

One of the biggest benefits of Travelling is that it takes you out of your comfort zone. Especially if you are travelling to a place you have never visited before, everything seems fresh and new. New stimuli attack all your senses. You see new landscapes and experience vivid colours. You hear new music, people speak an unknown language in the streets, which overflows with the new scents smells. The smell and the taste of new food... Even the small challenges are welcome. How do you hold chopsticks? How do you bargain at the market? How do you find your way around?

Travelling introduces novelty to your brain and improves cognition. Once you face new challenges, you need to be resourceful to find a solution. New neural connections are created in the brain as a result, and they engender new original thoughts.

So once you return home, you can use all these new stimuli and creativeness to generate new ideas in your old job!

3. Improve your communication skills

Are you a fan of international travel? Do you prefer remote and exotic locations?

Then you have probably been to places where your native language is not spoken. Sometimes you need to be quite ingenious when trying to relate with the locals. At one point you realise that every attempt to find a place or buy something involves a lot of pointing and gesturing. But gradually you pick up words. Izquierda, mañana, dim sum, bossa nova, sushi, pastrami, gelato. Most of these you can smell, hear, taste and feel!

Meanwhile, you are also learning a lot about a new way of life, a new culture. You may even find new friends and expand your real-life social network. Especially if you are a fan of couchsurfing.

Another advantage of Ttravelling is that it also makes you interesting. Once you get back home, everyone will want to hear about your adventures and the new friends you found, or hear the new words you've learnt.

4. Broaden your horizons

How do we meet the world? Books, the Internet, TV news and documentaries tell us about distant countries, people and their way of life. However, a TV report presents to you someone else's point of view and may very well narrow your perspective instead of broadening your mind.

Travelling the world and meeting people living in different conditions and treating life differently is what really teaches you about the world. Once you actually go and visit, you may even challenge your own opinion about less known places and cultures.

Discovering new cultures can also help you see the issues and the challenges of your daily life in a new way.

5. Boost your confidence

Travelling to new lands has its benefits but it also comes with its challenges.

I've heard my share of scary stories. A huge bull blocking the narrow mountain path you have taken. A rickshaw man takes a side street and suddenly you find yourself in a gloomy slum. You ask the locals for directions and they take you to the neighbourhood chief who looks like the gangsters in movies. And what is really scary is that you are alone in an unknown place. You cannot rely on friends and relatives, or even on your language skills.

This is why how travelling forces you to be resourceful and teaches you how to cope with obstacles. Overcoming various challenges turns the scary story into and adventure and boosts your confidence. You even feel better prepared for the challenges waiting for you back home.

6. Get real-life education

You may learn a lot about the world from books. Textbooks are filled with facts and illustrations. Fiction takes us to new lands and introduces us to new people and ideas. But textbook facts cannot be smelled, heard, felt, or tasted.

Whereas travelling offers you the opportunity to meet the people, hear the music, taste the food, touch the yellow stones of the pyramids.
Explore new cultures
Discovering new music genres, spices and recipes through travelling enriches your life and increases life satisfaction. You can even recreate your exotic experiences for your friends once you return home and share with them what you have learned about the world. Invite them over and play the CD, prepare an extraordinary dish with the spices you bought, fill your home with the aroma of incense.
Learn about the world
I remember being impressed as I child by kids who could name the capitals of numerous countries. I couldn't even remember three. The birthplace of this author? Hmmm... But I will never forget Paris with the flooded banks of the Seine, the gargoyles of Notre-Dame de Paris, the Jester statue at Stratford-upon-Avon. Or the bleak sculpture of the two metal swords and their shadows at the Canterbury Cathedral (so this is where the pilgrims from Canterbury Tales were going!).

7. Make memories

Real-life education is more memorable because it is personal. And our memories are part of who we are, part of our identity.

What is more, positive memories we revisit often. Open one of your photo albums and a minute later you will realise you are smiling while going through the pictures. You see happy faces and funny moments shared with friends and family. You see yourself - cheerful and filled with energy! And you relive this happiness.

Remember eating with chopsticks for the first time? West End and the gorgeous musicals! The tiny second-hand bookshop on Kanda street!

These cherished memories are precious stories you can tell your children or grandchildren one day. And they will be as vivid to them as they are for you!

8. Understand yourself

As travelling takes you out of your comfort zone, it often forces you to deal with change and uncertainty.
Adapt to change
During my first summer job abroad my boss had this favourite phrase: Flexibility is key!

Change is a normal part of our lives. Therefore, the ability to change and adapt is vitally important for us. A lot of people struggle and feel frustrated with their lives or their jobs because they can't deal with change. How does this help you know yourself? Well, travelling can force you to deal with change on an everyday basis, much more often than your daily life. And once you manage to bring order to the chaos, you realise how strong and adaptable you really are!
Find your strengths
Meanwhile, the new challenges you face help you understand your strengths and your weaknesses. An additional advantage of travelling is that it helps test your limits. Once you get on the wrong train, you learn to read all the signs and then soon you find out that you can lead your friends through the complex maze of the metropolis underground. And you thought you had a terrible sense of direction and were more of a follower than a leader!
Learn about your likes
Travel also helps you get to know what you like and don't like. Once you experience the typhoon season and snowless Christmas, you realise you love your homeland and its four seasons. The sweltering heat is no longer a nuisance. You forget you used to hate the cold before: snowmen are fun, the frost on the trees - mesmerising!

You prefer contemplating the sea to trekking. If you stop and ask yourself why, you may find out something about yourself. Perhaps you need some inner peace and quiet and not new challenges and team work to deal with obstacles.

Scientists have established that our sense of happiness increases even before we start our journey. Why? We look forward to it! The simple expectation of the trip that will help us break free from routine creates a positive feeling.

The trip itself is an opportunity to sleep late, have one of these lazy breakfasts that someone else has prepared. Try new cuisine. Why not add some camel milk to your coffee, after all this is Dubai! Taste Classic French mussels or real sushi (turns out it's quite different to the one in the shop around the corner from your place). Are you adventurous enough to try the deep fried insects?

Flamenco and salsa in the streets seem much more alive and fun than what you do in dance classes. Street musicians and artist in big cities are amazing, so much more brilliant than the ones you see on Talent shows.

Positive experiences reduce stress. So if you are struggling with burnout, fighting anxiety or simply feeling too tired, you may try a mindfulness course or yoga. But if you have the opportunity to take some time off and travel, go for it! It will do you a world of good!

10. Improve your health

This brings us back to healthy habits.

The first one is sleep. Do you hate the sound of your alarm in the mornings? Do you set it too early so that you can hit the snooze button at least twice before actually getting up? Does this make you feel lazy and guilty about not wanting to get out of bed? Getting enough sleep is vital for both our physical and our mental health. I love weekends simply because my day does not start with the annoying sound of the alarm!

Travelling is a great opportunity to sleep late and even have a nap in the afternoon. Get your beauty sleep!

The second travel-related healthy habit is movement. If you plan a walking trip, you can balance a job that involves sitting behind a desk all day. Exercise is good for your heart, for your muscles and bones, it can also increase your energy levels.

Are you tired of the hurried breakfasts, fast-food lunches and frozen-food dinners? Our hectic daily life seems incompatible with a healthy diet. Yet while you travel you can eat as often as you feel hungry, eat proper food, delicious food!

Travelling takes us outdoors. The opportunity to get enough sun (some vitamin D) and some fresh air improves both our tan and our mood.

And finally, laughter! Share the journey with your friends and family and laugh together.

Remember: A good laugh heals a lot of hurts.

Travelling is great for your health. So choose your dream destination, book your ticket and pack your bags. Adventure is waiting for you out there and there are so many benefits to travelling!

And remember:

" Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things you didn't do than by the ones you did. So throw off the bowlines, Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover
~ Mark Twain

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There are more than 10 benefits of travelling, but we have compiled the most important ones. Find out how travelling will improve your health and relationships, among others.

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I find this article that talks about benefits of traveling. I find it interesting because traveling is a great way to boost your confidence.

The confidence gained from traveling to an unknown country/culture brings huge benefits like ideas to start a business, create memories from new experiences, can change people's lifestyle. Traveling helps you understand yourself more and that's important.

When you travel internationally, you get to observe how you feel being far away from your own culture. You observe the differences in people’s manners and behaviors, how people think and react to specific situations. From there, it is human instinct to compare the differences. You then start to explore and compare how it is different from your own culture and mindset, how other people are different from you, and why. Eventually, travelling will help in the process of understanding yourself more and give you a reflection on how you feel and think.
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References:
“Benefits of traveling and why travel is important? | CABINZERO.” Cabin Zero, 28 May 2021, https://www.cabinzero.com/blogs/our-journey/benefits-of-traveling. Accessed 24 March 2022.

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I usually define travel as "going from one tired place to another tired place." But that doesn't stop people around the world from tirelessly traveling every day. Many people spend the whole year visiting different places. So what are the benefits of travel for humans? I found the answer in this article.
I think the most important thing is to improve and improve from traveling. Whether it is to learn other cultures or to taste local cuisine, it is to improve our life and the education of the soul. Let's see what the author has to say.

Real-life education comes naturally when you travel. Think about when you plan for a trip, when you solve a problem, or when you come across a situation that you have to use your body language to communicate. Those circumstances train you to be skillful as you travel. This benefit of travelling helps in your planning skills, problem-solving skills, improvising ability, and such. As you learn from your own experiences, these lessons are what you can equip yourself with and make use of in the long run.

What you learn in books is great, but travelling offers you the opportunity to learn more about something new every day. The moment you step out of those hotel doors and go out on the street, you learn at least one new lesson. Simple things like how people greet and talk to each other, how they behave tell you a bit about their culture. What’s more, travelling teaches you failures can turn into great hands-on lessons. It is true that travelling is not always glorious and can be hard at times. Let’s say the language barriers, for instance, it is surely possible to make mistakes with words here and there. Imagine going to the market and getting mixed up with the words for tomatoes and fish, this could be a bit embarrassing, but that’s where you get to learn.

references：
“15 Benefits of traveling and why travel is important? | CABINZERO”

Website title:Cabin Zero

URL:https://www.cabinzero.com/blogs/our-journey/benefits-of-traveling

Date published:May 28, 2021

Date accessed:March 25, 2022

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What comes to your mind when someone asks you about "travel"? Does travel mean a vacation on the beach while sipping some margaritas, an adventure to the unknown, or an Instagrammable sunset destination? The idea of travelling varies from person to person, but the advantages of travelling are unbounded.

When you travel, not the trip or the vacation itself, but the whole process of planning, exploring, and returning from a trip is important. When you realise how the benefits of travelling can do wonders for you, you definitely will have the motivation to pack your bag and start travelling more. What is it about travelling that always makes you feel good after coming back from a trip? There are so many advantages behind travel, but here are the top 15 benefits.

The Health Benefits of Travelling: Travelling Improves Your Health and Mind

Improving your well-being is one of the fundamental benefits of travelling. Travelling helps to decrease the risks of heart attack and anxiety, while developing our brain health. There have been studies proving that travel can place a positive impact on our heart health. One study from Framingham Heart Studies Organization published in the American Journal of Epidemiology shows that women who would travel at least twice a year had a significantly lower risk of developing coronary heart disease or heart attack compared with those who would only be able to travel once in every six years.

One of the health benefits of travelling is that when you travel to new surroundings, you press a restart button to your body and mind, which brings in fresh energy when you get back to your regular activities. It keeps you physically fit by being active on the journey, exploring nature, hiking, or strolling the local markets. A healthy body means a healthy mind, and the stimulation you get from travelling can boost your productivity and effectiveness in your daily work.

Exploring a new place, trying new things, and pushing yourself out of your comfort zone can increase the level of dopamine in your brain. This will contribute to how we strive, focus on things and find things interesting. Remember, "Travel and change of place impart new vigor to the mind," said the Roman philosopher Seneca.

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The Advantages of Travelling: Travelling Improves Your Communication and Language Skills in Many Ways

Some people enjoy the idea of travelling because it allows them to meet new people from all walks of life. Speaking to new people and getting new perspectives will change how one perceives the world and easily get engaged in various topics of conversation. Travel really helps in consolidating both effective communication and social skills as you are exposed to different cultures and outlooks. This benefit you get from travelling can be applied not only to your personal life but your work life also .

Setting foot in a new part of your country or a new part of the world means you are out of your ordinary comfort zone. Everything is new and captivating to your curiosity. The benefit of this is you are eager to learn new things and open to new ideas and concepts. This will naturally lead to the urge to open your mind and practice your people skills, whether you travel alone or with someone else.

Travelling is when creativity comes into play in your daily communication. When you travel to a new country, there are situations where you would have to use not only verbal communication but also gestures and other non-verbal ways to express yourself. Whether you ask for directions, buy ingredients at a local market or have a conversation with a local, be prepared to utilize your body language skills!

The Benefits of Travelling: Hedonistic Travel Ensures Peace, Calms Your Mind and Encourages Positive Feelings

When going on a holiday, we often tend to be stimulated, present and be in the moment, which brings us a step closer to achieving mindfulness. Travelling alone brings in the feeling of solitude that we don't often get enough of. Travelling allows us to be disconnected from people, and even technology, for a while, and be more connected to our own mind and self, which leads us to our inner peace.

Whether it is domestic or international travel, travelers step out of their habitat and get exposed to other conditions of life. We find ourselves more thankful for our life and realise what we have might be what others desire. Appreciation to every little thing in life is one way or another a course for happiness.

Travelling also changes our attitude towards life and people in a more positive way. We observe things and think from a broader perspective when our mind is open to the outside world. The benefit of travelling helps us embrace cultural and social differences more when immersing ourselves in a different environment with new people and perspectives. Moreover, coming back from a journey means ticking off one goal and proving our ability to overcome challenges. This forms the positive attitude that helps us tackle the hurdles.

Why Travelling is Good? International Travelling Boosts Creativity through Experiences

"Why would travel have anything to do with creativity?" you may ask. First of all, it is associated with the sense of being innovative. When we travel, we try the local cuisines which we might have never tried before, get exposed to new customs and culture, and get introduced to unfamiliar ideas and beliefs. This stimulates creativity within our thinking, our methods and how we deal with certain situations. It is easier for us to come across new ideas when we get out of our usual surroundings. If we are put in boxes, how can we think "outside the box"?

Travelling teaches you to be creative and that everything has an alternative. What if you bump into a toilet that only has a hole on the ground, or a bathroom without a shower but only a bucket of water? That is travelling forces you to use your creativity to roll along with it.

What you might have experienced but not have realised when you travel is that travelling touches your every sense. Ask yourself this question, do you feel a strong sensation by a mellow sound you have never heard, an exquisite taste from local cuisines, an evoking smell from a street food vendor, or a remarkable sight of a magnificent mountain range? If the answer is yes, then this effect of exploring a new place can be an attribute to revitalize your mind and make you more creative when you travel.

Not only does travelling help with our creativity, but it also enhances our cognitive ability, sometimes referred to as general intelligence. This ability includes the capacity to "reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience" (Plomin, 1999). These attributes are all connected to travel. The more you travel, the wiser you become. Adam Galinsky , a professor at Columbia Business School has stated "Foreign experiences increase both cognitive flexibility and depth and integrativeness of thought, the ability to make deep connections between disparate forms."

The Benefits of Travelling Abroad: Travelling Enhances Your Tolerance towards Different People and New Cultures

Travelling is more than just about exploring new places. It also allows you to become more tolerant and open towards new cultures and people. It is a great opportunity to connect with locals and other like-minded people from around the globe. When you are willing to strike up a conversation with someone from a different background, the more you understand them and accept diversity, the better your tolerance level gets. Travelling teaches us to appreciate and value cultural diversity, traditions and appearances.

Not only does travelling help us embrace cultural, social and racial differences, travelling also increases our tolerance towards tough conditions and uncertainties. When we throw ourselves into an unfamiliar or less developed locality, we begin to become more accepting. It is not always a bed of roses everywhere we travel to, and things do not always go as planned, however, when we are aware of this, we get less bothered and enjoy the journey as much as we want.

Cabinzero's CEO Neil Varden shared with us some stories about a time when he traveled to India - a country of hues and colors, and on top of all, a country of kindness. He was deeply touched by how friendly and greathearted local people were when he found out a notion followed in their mind, which is "Guest is God". As he was travelling to Diu - a very small and unfamiliar town in India - on a bus, he happened to have a conversation with an Indian doctor. And since there was no direct bus to the town and it was very late at night, the doctor then invited him for a stay with his family for the night and offered him the surprisingly good generosity that he had ever received.

Another time when he was on a bus, and there was this Indian woman who offered him some biscuits when he was hungry, while she might not have enough to eat for herself and her children. Those are just among many warmhearted stories that he stumbled upon during his travel that made him realise one thing: you can really meet people who have almost nothing but still are generous with what they have.

The Benefits of Travelling: Travelling Is a Great Way to Boost Your Confidence

Neil also shared an example of how travelling can be a motivation for us to gain more confidence in ourselves and our passion. "Unbeknown to me, travelling when I was 22-26 changed my life long term, even today. The confidence gained by travelling to an unfamiliar country/culture gave me huge benefits when I started my business. I never had much fear knocking on doors of factories or visiting trade shows in countries I had never been to before. AND, for sure, my business and the brand would not exist if I hadn't travelled. Since I travelled I spent all my time after trying to figure out how I could make travel a permanent fixture in my life and the business was built around this need, it is truly a lifestyle business." - Neil Varden, CEO of Cabinzero.

Regarding this advantage of travelling, Mary Helen Immordino-Yang, an associate professor of education and psychology at the University of Southern California, says "What a lot of psychological research has shown now is that the ability to engage with people from different backgrounds than yourself, and the ability to get out of your own social comfort zone, is helping you to build a strong and acculturated sense of your own self."

Stepping out of your bubble to travel, especially alone, is one way to prove that life has no limits. Travelling makes us realise that difficulties and obstacles can be handled well without the help of friends or family. When you see the powerful force within you, you start to build more trust in yourself and fear less. You believe in the certainty that things can be tackled one way or another, and it comes with the creative mind you get from travelling - nothing can stop you from achieving your passion and goals in life!

The Importance of Travelling: You Get Real-life Education from Travelling to a New Place

Real-life education comes naturally when you travel. Think about when you plan for a trip, when you solve a problem, or when you come across a situation that you have to use your body language to communicate. Those circumstances train you to be skillful as you travel. This benefit of travelling helps in your planning skills, problem-solving skills, improvising ability, and such. As you learn from your own experiences, these lessons are what you can equip yourself with and make use of in the long run.

What you learn in books is great, but travelling offers you the opportunity to learn more about something new every day. The moment you step out of those hotel doors and go out on the street, you learn at least one new lesson. Simple things like how people greet and talk to each other, how they behave tell you a bit about their culture. What's more, travelling teaches you failures can turn into great hands-on lessons. It is true that travelling is not always glorious and can be hard at times. Let's say the language barriers, for instance, it is surely possible to make mistakes with words here and there. Imagine going to the market and getting mixed up with the words for tomatoes and fish, this could be a bit embarrassing, but that's where you get to learn.

The Benefits of Travelling: Travelling Make Memories from New Experiences

Do you usually take photos during your travel, or collect items like currencies or souvenirs after the trip? If not then we strongly suggest you to, as this is one of the benefits of travelling that could be valuable to you. Photos, or videos, that are taken from a trip, whether you keep them on your phone or post on social media, can remind you of the good time you have spent. Even an object you take home from the trip can really awaken your memories and feelings.

Memories from travelling are often connected with positive emotions, when you try something new, or the excitement you get from going to a new place that makes you feel at one with yourself and others around you. There are definitely times when you face unexpected obstacles on the journey, however, after you figure how to settle them, those memories are the life lessons that you have got a chance to learn.

If you travel in a big group, special memories from the trip can be turned into engaging stories that can last for a lifetime. When we travel, we are relaxed and open to show our true colors, which even adds more spices to the fun. This is the reason why travelling can be such a great bonding activity for families or groups of friends.

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Why Travel is Good for You - How Travelling Helps You Understand Yourself More is Very Important

Travelling alone facilitates a process of introspection, allowing you to reflect on your own emotional and mental well-being. This is a wonderful benefit of travelling that you might not have thought of. When you are away from the stress of your daily life, be present and live in the moment, you are more likely to be conscientious about how you think and feel.

When you travel internationally, you get to observe how you feel being far away from your own culture. You observe the differences in people's manners and behaviors, how people think and react to specific situations. From there, it is human instinct to compare the differences. You then start to explore and compare how it is different from your own culture and mindset, how other people are different from you, and why. Eventually, travelling will help in the process of understanding yourself more and give you a reflection on how you feel and think.

On the other side of this self-discovery process, travelling even changes you. You are not the same person after returning home from a journey. You have tons of intriguing stories to tell, you are more open and accepted. Moreover, travelling helps you reinvent yourself and re-evaluate your values in life after the lessons you learn on the road. Travelling teaches you to be more patient and curious about the world around you. This benefit undoubtedly helps in understanding and developing yourself.

The Benefits of Travelling: Travelling Helps Reduce Stress and Eases Anxiety

When you choose to leave your daily work to travel, you give yourself an opportunity to be more connected with nature. Fresh air and sunshine are a benefit to your health, fresh air boosts oxygen in your body and sunshine provides you with vitamin D. Being connected to these elements of nature makes you feel calmer, which definitely helps with stress and anxiety.

Whether you are a fan of hiking, cycling, climbing or diving, they are all a cure for depression while you travel. Fun and adventurous activities help you to relieve stress as you get to live and enjoy the moment. Leave your daily hassles away, pack your bag, go on a trip and get some air!

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Why People Are Travelling - Travelling Gets You out of a Rut of Daily Life

Travelling is one of the great ways to get out of the hustle and bustle of your everyday life. It frees you from your daily schedule and allows you to have time for yourself to relax and explore. To some people, 9-5 jobs are occasionally mundane and repetitive, which makes a break from work totally a must. It is easy to get stuck in the workload and forget about our purposes and direction in life. Therefore, travelling gives us a pause from ordinary life and helps us get more focused on ourselves.

The Benefits of Travelling: World Travel Teaches Us to Appreciate the Beauty and Fragility of Nature and the Earth

If you ever wander off the rice terraces in the Philippines and Vietnam, dip in the Blue Lagoon in Iceland, or fall in love with the cherry blossoms season in Japan, you definitely feel a great sense of appreciation and gratitude for what Mother Nature has offered. Travelling opens your eyes to the absolutely breathtaking wonders of the Earth, especially if you gaze upon them with your own eyes.

World travellers are people who have witnessed the diversity of nature and wildlife, and how fragile this Earth can be. Travelling is eye-opening and enriching our responsibility of protecting the planet that we are living on. It makes us realise that nature and animals are suffering from human activities and raises more awareness about our crucial role in developing a more sustainable future.
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Why Is Travelling Important? Travelling Helps You Find a New Purpose and Forces You to Take Action

For some people, travelling can be a life-changing experience. If you are at an important transition in your life and thinking of making a decision, travelling is a breath of fresh air to slow things down and it gives you time to think it through. If you are looking for a purpose and direction in life, try planning a trip to unfamiliar surroundings and experiencing it as much as you can. What if you see a meaning out of it and figure out what you are looking for?

Believe it or not, travelling can turn you into a better decision-maker. Travelling is about decision-making in the whole process, from planning a trip, to deciding a place to eat, or where to go, you need to be determined and actively leading the way. If you are confident in making those little decisions, it will build up your determination in bigger decisions in life.

Travel Makes You Embrace Your Home and Ordinary Life More - One of The Advantages of Travelling

We often tend to dream of travelling and those days off hitting the road while we're working 9 to 5. However, when we travel, there are certain situations that you may find yourself miss the feeling of home and how convenient it is to be in your own comfort zone. You will begin to appreciate the essentials you have at home when you travel. The feeling of a comfy bed and pillows at home may pop in your mind when you spend days and weeks sleeping in hostels or camping tents. You may miss your own bathroom when you share it with other travellers in dorms and hostels. Those are the little things that you will appreciate when you are back home from a long journey.

What's more, the language barrier is another aspect that can make you miss home when you travel. Of course, during the trip, you might be able to use some basic communication with the locals and can pick up several phrases here and there. However, you will definitely miss the feeling of being able to join in a more in-depth conversation, discussing politics, or expressing your opinions at some point.

The Benefits of Travelling: You May Find the Love of Your Life When You Travel and Meet New People

"Could you find love on the road?" Yes, it is possible. You meet plenty of like-minded people when you spend days hitting the road. Someone who shares the same values and mindset as you might come along unexpectedly and suddenly you feel connected to them. Especially when you travel, you open your mind and heart to new experiences, therefore, falling in love with someone is very likely to happen.

Travelling can indeed bring people closer, which is why couples choose to spend time together on a vacation to spice up their relationship. But what about meeting a total stranger and falling head over heels unexpectedly, while strolling on the riverside or a random beach? That sounds more intriguing. That random stranger might just be a fling or can turn into the love of your life, who knows?

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15 Benefits of Travelling and Why Travel Is Good for You

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What comes to your mind when someone asks you about "travel"? Does travel mean a vacation on the beach while sipping some margaritas, an adventure to the unknown, or an Instagrammable sunset destination? The idea of travelling varies from person to person, but the advantages of travelling are unbounded.

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For me personally, travel is a way of life. I was born into a travel-obsessed family and had already lived on three different continents by the time I started school, so wanderlust (and an often ridiculed hybrid accent) was inevitable for me. My sister and I are incredibly fortunate to have parents that insisted that travel was the best classroom and, thankfully, our school holidays were spent exploring fascinating places, both near and far.

Upon graduating School (and turning 19), I was given the greatest gift: the gift of travel. Armed with a round-the-world plane ticket and a sense of adventure, I took off on a six-month solo backpacking trip through Europe, Southern Africa and Australia and, without a doubt, it changed the way I saw the world. So, as a self-confessed travel addict, here are the reasons why I love to travel.
1. Travel to leave our world a better place

I have been fortunate to work and travel with &BEYOND for more than 13 years now and what inspires me most is our company ethos and unwavering commitment to care for the land, wildlife and people. Travelling with &BEYOND has given me the rare privilege to actively take part in so many unforgettable and truly meaningful experiences, such as: witnessing endangered rhino being safely translocated; observing an elephant cow being collared for research and monitoring purposes; helping to relocate a vulnerable nest laid by an enormous and highly endangered sea turtle; spending a night in a traditional Maasai manyatta (homestead); and so much more. &BEYOND’s authentic, experiential travel not only enables travellers to participate, engage and learn, but it also allows them to travel with purpose and to help leave our world a better place.
2. Travel to meet different cultures

Travel exposes us to different cultures and ancient traditions and through these authentic encounters, we learn to embrace and celebrate both our similarities and our differences. Travel teaches us about humanity and gives us an appreciation, understanding and respect for different points of view and ways of life.

3. Travel to learn

Not all classrooms have four walls and travel is the best way to immerse yourself in geography, history, culture, gastronomy, languages, biology … you name it. Travel enriches the mind and educates us far beyond any textbook or travel guide. Not only do curious travellers learn about different landscapes, languages and lifestyles; glean fascinating facts while observing wild animals in their natural habitat; delve into a region’s history and taste the local flavours; but they also learn about themselves (and each other) along the way.

reference:
https://www.andbeyond.com/magazine/10-reasons-to-love-travel/#:~:text=Travel%20takes%20us%20out%20of,with%20friends%20and%20loved%20ones.

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For me, traveling means knowing myself again and seeing more aspects of the world. Every time I travel, I encounter all kinds of people and things and all kinds of small accidents, which will enable me to quickly master new skills. Most importantly, I will meet many interesting people during the trip, chat with them and record their stories. In addition, traveling can let me see a lot of amazing and spectacular scenery. I can improve my photography skills!

Murray, M. (2008, March 1). Why do we need to travel? The Irish Times. Retrieved March 29, 2022, from https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/travel/why-do-we-need-to-travel-1.899191

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We're like children who move away from their parents - then back, writes Marie Murray

HUMANS LOVE to travel. Mentally or physically, they escape to other places. They crave adventure. They seek the unknown. They want to see new places, learn new things, enjoy new experiences and then return home to the familiar, the predictable, the secure, before taking off again on their travels.

This departure-return behaviour has its origins, perhaps, in the early exploratory behaviour of the child. Research has shown that children who are "securely attached" to their parents, sure of their affection and protection, and who know that their parents will respond to their needs, are more independent, adventurous and exploratory in their play and behaviour.

Observations of infants show that from the safe base of having a parent present and available, the infant dares to move away a short distance and then return to the parent, to move a little further and return, until in incremental and amazingly measurable distances it explores the environment that surrounds it and has the courage to move beyond it.

This may be the first symbolic travel: the first departure, the first expedition and the possible beginning of the travel bug for those for whom their initial independent voyaging was successful.

With these first independent steps away from the parental presence lies the atavistic or recurring wish to reach out beyond the current confines of space and relationship

and see what is further away. And yet further again to see what is not visible, what is around the next corner, in the next room and eventually on

the other side of our geographical or psychological world. This is a human need. It is why we have uncovered our world, travelled its length, hiked to the top of its mountains and the depth of its oceans. It is why we became discontent with exploring our own plant but had to move beyond it into the unknown. It is why, as poet TS Eliot reminds us, we will "not cease from exploration".

It is our nature to travel. It is our joy to travel. It is our paradoxical psychological disposition to wish for the contradictory conditions of stability and change: to stay and to go, to be and to explore, to rest and to travel unceasingly.

Travel is more than going somewhere. It is a psychological event. It requires motivation and imagination. It begins in childhood with faltering first steps and with imagination fired by the tales of "long, long ago in a faraway land".

We emerge from these fantasies of childhood determined to cross the oceans, to find those faraway lands, the characters they containand the magic they hold. Determined to find the adventures they promise and the prospect of returning home triumphant with trophies having vanquished all fear, overcome all obstacles and live happily eve after.
Marie Murray is a clinical psychologist and Irish Times columnist

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We're like children who move away from their parents - then back, writes Marie Murray HUMANS LOVE to travel. Mentally or physically, they escape to other places. They crave adventure. They seek the unknown. They want to see new places, learn new things, enjoy new experiences and then return home to the familiar, the predictable, the secure, before taking off again on their travels.

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This time I decided to share a video about inspiration in our lives. Let me tell you the beginning of how we can find inspiration in our daily lives. We actually find inspiration in the person who overcomes obstacles to do something profound, a beautiful work of art, a piece of music, the splendor of the Grand Canyon. These are inspiring things, yes. Nevertheless, we don't have to go to a museum, visit a world heritage site, or meet a famous person to inspire us. We can find inspiration in our everyday life simpler.

How do we find inspiration in our lives?

The video will answer that. ;')

Banez, Z. (2016, August 8). Finding Inspiration | How do you find inspiration? YouTube. Retrieved March 31, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2dN7DC-Fgc

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Traveling is a good way to relax your body, but I think traveling is more than that, it can improve yourself. On the road we travel, we often see different landscapes, and the new things we see can bring us visual impact. We don't just travel under these conditions, we learn.What do other authors have to say.
--Travel is about discovering new places, cultures, cuisines, rituals and ways of life. We also travel because distance and difference are the secret poisons of learning and creativity that can't be observed sitting at home. Travel has its own advantages because it allows the person to forget his or her worries, problems, frustrations and fears. This helps by broadening your horizons to move in new directions without the pull and push of everyday life. Instead of having a room full of things, we have a passport to fill with stamps. Let's use it to create memories for the world.
Golden, I. (27 Apr, 2019). Why traveling is important for human life? https://www.goldenindiatravels.com/blog/why-travelling-is-important-for-human-life

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27 Apr, 2019

Traveling is a very crucial part of life as it is the best way to get out of the busy schedule. It is also to experience life in different ways .Traveling is actually a good remedy for stress, anxiety and depression. It also improves the mental and physical health. We only have one life and we should thank it for making us more advanced creature on this planet. Not only do we get to experience the beauty of nature, different geographies ,topographies, and people. Traveling is all about exploring new places, cultures, cuisines, rituals and styles of living. We also travel because distance and difference are the secret toxic of learning and creativity which one cannot observe by sitting at home. Traveling in itself has advantages, as it makes one forget his or her worries, problems, frustrations and fears. This helps by broadening your horizon to move in new directions, unplugging from the pulls and pushes of daily life. We have a passport to fill full of stamps rather than to have a house full of stuff. Let's use this to make memories all over the world.
These are the 7 most reasons why traveling is important:-
1. The discovery of new cuisines
Traveling gives the perfect opportunity to try out new,exciting and authentic delicacies from different parts of the world. Introducing you to unique flavors which you have neither tasted nor heard off and leaving you startled .Traveling without experiencing the local food is not complete in anyway. We all love traveling, leaving our comfort zone, sightseeing, meeting new people and creating endless amount of unforgettable memories. Yet, the best part of all is the food. Traveling provides you with a wide range of authentic flavor that you would be missing out if you did not travel to different corners of the world.

2. Exploring new cultures
Culture often refers to the characteristics that are formed through language, history, geography,and family values. Learning about culture is enriching for the mind and soul. It can reinforce the whole experience and offer totally different perspectives. Discovering a new culture is learning something new which can be an exciting and thrilling experience that one cannot forget. Meanwhile let us not forget one is being exposed to different people , languages, cuisines, beliefs, traditions and customs. We can conclude that this can be a humbling and a learning experience that can become more social, flexible, open minded and independent .So if you have not done so yet, step out of your comfort zone and travel to experience a whole new world and its diversities.

3. Improving the health
Traveling undoubtedly is a best option for those who believe in leading a healthy life. Those who travel are less likely prone to health issues as they are more active. The benefit of traveling begins well before the trip does. Traveling includes physical activity which promotes heart health by lowering the blood pressure and even preventing a stroke. Traveling broaden your horizons and boost up brain health sharp, healthy and creative. It is been scientifically proven that traveling reduces stress levels. This can help detoxify all your negatives and makes you active both physically and mentally and leaving you feeling healthy and rejuvenated. During traveling you are endorsed to do things which you never thought you would do. Doing this just goes to improve and prove yourself how amazing you are.

4. Self Development
Traveling is one of the best way to enhance personal growth. It enables you to do things different from your daily routine activities. When you travel, you step out from your comfort zone to a different environment which makes you become more responsible and gives a sense of independence. Each journey brings something innovative which opens you to find your strengths, weakness, morals, values etc. This helps you to learn things about yourself, other people and other places. Sometimes traveling presents challenges and opportunities in such a way that makes you a stronger person leading to a better version of yourself. Traveling can also offer you an unparalleled opportunity to reinvent and discover who you really are.

5. Ensuring your inner peace
We all have a busy schedule and lifestyle which is confined to stress and tensions. These are all the hustle bustle of tedious urban life. Somewhere somehow we have lost our inner peace. Traveling is an ultimate remedy that let us unwind from our everyday routine and helps us experience peace in the lap of nature . This can involve from moving, exploring, wandering within different cultures, places help you to forget about the past by physically the end of the trip you will be more rejuvenated and spiritually. This will help detox all the stress and tensions.Traveling not only provides inner peace,it also expands your mind, broadens your views by sight seeing, discovering new places and meeting other peoples.

6. Provides practical education
Traveling indeed is the best form of education that couldn't be learned by seeing television or by reading any book. Almost everyone of us agree that life's real education happens outside our walls. Travel teaches us economy, history, geography, sociology and different life styles of people. This can range from their livelihood, culture and tradition. Bookish knowledge gives us only the theoretical concepts while traveling helps use gather wisdom by understanding about real life experiences and knowledge. So embrace and welcome the unfamiliar and the unexpected ,it will make your experience for travelling more enjoyable and more fulfilling .

7. Meeting new friends
Traveling enables us to build friendships and connections with people from various places across the world. Establishing connections and building a network overseas is one of the smartest thing you can do in today's era. This can be such an enriching part of travel. We may meet with people for one day but we do appreciate these people for a lifetime whenever the memories are revived. Exploring a new place opens doors to establish new friendships and relationships that would have never been acquired without traveling .

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Top most 7 reasons why traveling is important for human life.

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27 Apr, 2019 Traveling is a very crucial part of life as it is the best way to get out of the busy schedule. It is also to experience life in different ways .Traveling is actually a good remedy for stress, anxiety and depression. It also improves the mental and physical health.

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How is artificial intelligence changing our world?

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How is artificial intelligence changing our world?

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I have chosen this article that talks about the impact of artificial intelligence and the change it will bring to our future. It is an exciting and varied article that talks about all aspects of this technique from a positive and negative perspective. Through my research, I will adopt this reference from a scientific point of view because of its many facts and realistic and logical opinions.

Artificial Intelligence has progressed rapidly, and the future is arriving faster than the predictions shown in the film Minority Report set in 2054. AI will be better than humans in translating languages by 2024, selling goods by 2031, and conducting surgeries by 2053. AI will become an integral part of our lives and it is time to prepare for the age of AI by investing in education and training. The choice remains ours to upgrade our skills and be part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

Batok, N. (2020, November 30). Artificial Intelligence has changed our world. Wall Street International Magazine. Retrieved April 6, 2022, from https://wsimag.com/science-and-technology/64215-artificial-intelligence-has-changed-our-world.

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Whether the metasverse will replace the real world-Jack

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Whether the metasverse will replace the real world-Jack

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As technology continues to improve, our virtual devices are slowly becoming more real. From black and white movies to clear and realistic IMAX movies. Something that was supposed to be virtual becomes real. Is it just like Zuckerberg said that the meta-universe is about to begin? What is the meta-universe? I found some relevant articles to explain.
——-The Meta-universe is a virtual reality world, depicted as an orbiting marketplace where virtual real estate can be bought and sold, and VR goggle-wearing users can choose their own form of 3D avatar. These three elements -- VR interfaces, digital ownership, and avatars -- still figure prominently in the current metaboundary concept. But none of them are actually necessary for the idea. In its broadest sense, the metaverse is understood as a graphically rich virtual space with a degree of verisimilitude in which people can work, play, shop, socialize -- in short, do what humans like to do together in real life (or, perhaps more importantly, on the Internet). Metaverse supporters often see the concept of "presence" as a deciding factor: feeling like you're really there, and feeling like other people are really there with you.
--- Oli,W. (2022, Mar 6).The metaverse, explained.While boardrooms chase a VR internet no one asked for, video game metaverses are all around us.
https://www.polygon.com/22959860/metaverse-explained-video-games

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What is the metaverse?

Good question. "Metaverse" is currently a major buzzword in the worlds of tech, business, and finance, and like all buzzwords its definition is fuzzy, contested, and shaped by the ambitions of the people using it.

Here's one thing we can say for sure: The term was coined by Neal Stephenson in his 1992 novel Snow Crash to describe a virtual world in wide use in his imagined future, a 21st-century dystopia. In Snow Crash, the metaverse is a virtual-reality world depicted as a planet-encircling market where virtual real estate can be bought and sold, and where VR goggle-wearing users inhabit 3D avatars whose form they have freedom to choose.

These three elements - a VR interface, digital ownership, and avatars - still feature prominently in current conceptions of the metaverse. But none of them is actually essential to the idea. In the broadest terms, the metaverse is understood as a graphically rich virtual space, with some degree of verisimilitude, where people can work, play, shop, socialize - in short, do the things humans like to do together in real life (or, perhaps more to the point, on the internet). Metaverse proponents often focus on the concept of "presence" as a defining factor: feeling like you're really there, and feeling like other people are really there with you, too.

This version of the metaverse arguably already exists in the form of video games. But there's another definition of the metaverse that goes beyond the virtual worlds we know. This definition doesn't actually describe the metaverse at all, but does explain why everyone thinks it's so important. This definition isn't about a vision for the future or a new technology. Rather, it looks to the past and to the now commonplace technologies of the internet and smartphones, and assumes that it will be necessary to invent the metaverse to replace them.

The influential venture capitalist Matthew Ball, who has written extensively about the metaverse, describes it as "a sort of successor state to the mobile internet." (Mark Zuckerberg, who last year gave his company Facebook the name Meta and said the metaverse would be its focus, has used an almost identical phrase; clearly, Ball's essays are hugely influential on Silicon Valley thinking.) Remember when smartphones revolutionized tech, the economy, and society itself? The metaverse is expected to be an equivalent watershed, and lots of businesses want to get ahead of that.

There are many things to challenge in Ball's vision, but the biggest is his proposition that the metaverse will be a single network as open, interconnected, and interoperable as the internet is now. That's a very big ask. But we're getting ahead of ourselves.

Is the metaverse new?

In brief: lol no. We've already established that the term has been around for 30 years, and not just in fictional form. It's formed a part of corporate visions of the future for quite some time. During the first VR boom of the '90s, U.K. grocery chain Sainsbury's put together a VR shopping demo that's eerily similar to a video that Walmart made in 2017.

Beyond marketing puff-pieces and proof-of-concept demos, metaverse-like virtual worlds have actually existed for almost as long as their fictional counterparts. Hype pieces about people getting married in the metaverse will elicit a sigh of recognition from anyone who has followed online gaming for the past few decades. One of the most famous virtual worlds, and perhaps the closest to the metaverse ideal, is Second Life, an "online multimedia platform" which launched in 2003.

Second Life mostly resembles an early-'00s massively multiplayer online role-playing game like World of Warcraft, only with all the game taken out: the combat, the quests, the stories, the rewards. It fulfills many of the roles imagined for the metaverse of the future, and has done so since its launch. Users are embodied in avatars and hang out with each other in virtual spaces. They enjoy virtual versions of real-world experiences, from business meetings to clubbing. Users can create their own content and services and trade with one another. There's a virtual economy with its own currency, which can be exchanged with real-world currency. Second Life is almost a textbook metaverse, to the extent that such a thing exists.

Another notable but oft-forgotten example of an early metaverse was PlayStation Home. Sony's ill-fated virtual social hub for PlayStation 3 launched in 2008 and closed in 2015, to the sorrow of its tiny community. It didn't go anywhere and seemed, to a casual user, quite pointless, but it's an interesting example of what a highly corporatized metaverse - as opposed to the anarchic, community-driven Second Life - might look like. It featured a lot of advertising and one-way purchasing opportunities, and not a great deal else to do; it suffered from sitting right next to much richer and more entertaining virtual worlds, the games themselves, in your PS3 interface. But the clean, blandly stylized, utopian futurism of its art style clearly prefigures Zuckerberg's recent metaverse demo. This is what companies think our dreams look like.

The reality, of course, is probably closer to the messy, sometimes grubby Second Life. Give humans a chance to build a world without restrictions, and they'll either come up with a branding opportunity or a fetish dungeon. That should serve as either a warning for the future architects of the metaverse, or an opportunity.

Why is everyone suddenly talking about the metaverse?

There are a few factors that have catapulted it to the forefront of the tech industry's thinking in the past few years. One is that a couple of technologies closely associated with visions of the metaverse have matured. Virtual reality, which was taking its first faltering steps in the '90s as Stephenson wrote Snow Crash, is now, well, a reality. Commercially available headsets of decent quality exist, including standalone wireless devices like the Quest. Facebook's purchase of Oculus in 2014 was an early indication of where Zuckerberg thought his business might be headed.

Another is the blockchain, the barely comprehensible and energy-hungry technology that has made cryptocurrencies and NFTs possible. NFTs, which have become an obsession for crypto enthusiasts, snake-oil salesmen, suggestible executives, and (bizarrely) some parts of the art world over the last year or so, could enable the ownership of virtual items and real estate within the metaverse.

It should be noted that it is possible to "own" and even trade virtual items in plenty of games and virtual spaces, Second Life included, without using the blockchain - but that ownership is pretty flimsy and usually subject to a license agreement. NFTs offer different (but similarly flimsy) methodologies of proving ownership. Regardless, the uniqueness and supposed portability of NFTs has metaverse proponents excited.

Just as significant a factor in the metaverse trend is the coronavirus pandemic, which has radically altered lifestyles across the planet. With people spending so long in Zoom meetings for work, and with soaring use of video games as people seek to enter more colorful and exciting environments without leaving the comfort and safety of their homes, it's natural for tech companies to look for ways to capitalize on the situation by bridging these two needs.

Late in 2021, Facebook's rebranding and its metaverse-focused mission statement sealed the deal. Since then, the term has cropped up with increasing ubiquity - in the business world, at least. The world of government and politics may take a while to catch up as it focuses on how to contain the power of Big Tech in the here and now, as well as how to mitigate the deleterious effects of social media on actual society - which continues to be a thing. Boring!

Isn't the metaverse just... video games?

Maybe! You know who thinks so? Microsoft. On buying Activision Blizzard for almost 70 billion dollars, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella commented: "When we think about our vision for what a metaverse can be, we believe there won't be a single, centralized metaverse and there shouldn't be. We need to support many metaverse platforms ... in gaming, we see the metaverse as a collection of communities and individual identities anchored in strong content franchises, accessible on every device."

It's possible Nadella was just throwing shareholders the buzzword of the day in the hope it would help get them behind such an enormous acquisition. Nevertheless, he was outlining a vision that was strikingly different from the all-encompassing VR internet put forward by Ball and Zuckerberg. In his version, metaverses are plural, and they're all around us already. They are persistent communities formed around virtual places where people want to be - like World of Warcraft, or Call of Duty: Warzone.

There's consistency in Microsoft's thinking here. In 2014, around the same time Facebook acquired Oculus, Microsoft bought Mojang and its enormously popular game Minecraft. Minecraft, with its social, creative, and deeply customizable gameplay, is often cited as a metaverse-adjacent game, and it's notable that Microsoft has not tried to strongarm it into exclusivity on its own platforms; it views Minecraft as a valuable platform in its own right.

MMOs like WoW share an obvious kinship with metaverses in form, if not function. But there are closer analogues to be found in two post- Minecraft games that are hugely popular with kids. In both Roblox and Fortnite, your avatar, your presence, your customization choices, and your social connections are almost more important than the game itself - or the games, plural, in Roblox 's case.

Roblox is an incredibly free-form environment almost on par with Second Life, where players author their own games and chase status and dreams of real-world success - and where brands create advergames as a way to reach the elusive tween demographic. Fortnite, meanwhile, has staged colossal in-game cultural events, like the 2020 Travis Scott concert that drew over 27 million participants. To many observers, including Ball, these events represent the closest we've come to a true metaverse experience.

Should I resign myself to living in the metaverse?

Not just yet. Despite the maturity of the idea and the current obsession with it in boardrooms, the technology still needs a lot of work - especially if it really is to become "the next internet" envisioned by Ball and Zuckerberg. And despite the pandemic that has confined so many of us to our houses, a strong consumer desire for a metaverse experience that isn't just a video game has yet to be proven.

The biggest obstacle to Ball and Zuckerberg's metaverse becoming a reality is interoperability. You might want to call it standardization; it's the idea that you will be able to take your avatar and digital possessions with you from one app, or game, or virtual world to the next. (Ball imagines bringing a unique Counter-Strike gun skin with you into Fortnite, for example.) For the metaverse to become the next stage of evolution of the internet, interoperability is vital, but the hurdles are so huge as to seem insurmountable. There are technical challenges: how to bring an asset from one graphics engine to another, and render it faithfully across a bewildering range of hardware configurations, for one. There are legal and commercial challenges, too: circumventing intellectual property rights and persuading countless businesses to agree not to wall off their gardens. It's a lot, lot harder than agreeing on a standard for hypertext links, for example.

Beyond that, people have to be persuaded that this is something they want. The technology through which we access these worlds needs to be at least as comfortable and convenient to use as a smartphone, and as portable, or it will seem like a backward step from the mobile internet it's supposed to be replacing. And while the science-fiction appeal of such a virtual world might seem obvious on the surface, you have to question how deep the desire to spend time there really goes. In fiction from Snow Crash to The Matrix and Ready Player One, metaverses are usually envisioned as an escape - willing or not - from dystopian realities that are too awful to bear. I dare hope that we're not quite there yet.

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Tech companies like Meta and Epic Games insist it's the future of the internet, but the metaverse has been around in the form of video games and virtual worlds for decades - and it's not taking over our lives yet

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Facts you didn't Know About Artificial Intelligence

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Facts you didn't Know About Artificial Intelligence

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has received immense recognition in the past years, especially in the COVID-19 scenario. There is a buzz in the tech industry around AI and its developments. The internet has expectedly played a vital role in the development of AI-enabled services. Although artificial intelligence is frequently thrown around, not everybody understands what it is and what AI is capable of.

Some insightful facts about AI:

AI pets exits

Most all bots are female

AI recognises emotions

AI can Repair Itself

AI can replace human workforce

AI will become smarter than humans

Humans can develop romantic relationship with AI

AI has nationalities and passports

AI can write

AI will recognise people by voice

McCarthy, J. (2020, November 18). 10 Insightful Facts You Didn't Know about Artificial Intelligence. Analytics Insight. Retrieved April 7, 2022, from https://www.analyticsinsight.net/10-insightful-facts-you-didnt-know-about-artificial-intelligence/

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Open up any newspaper or social media feed these days and it’s easy to spot the tidal wave of hype that artificial intelligence (AI) has unleashed. Within this hype lies a lot of opportunity, but without the right knowledge and tools, it can be hard to identify the real breakthroughs. Spun by journalists driven by sensationalist agendas, AI news can make it easy to believe that super-intelligent robots are just around the corner. That reality is a long way off, but it doesn’t mean there isn’t a lot of value to be extracted from AI in its current iteration.

I find this article interesting because It's true when they say that we do not know all the opportunities. Many times people only talk about the benefits but not the problems and this leads to a confusion about whether It's true or not. We know about all the benefits, but what about the problems? Will it be true?

Lee, E. (n.d.). The Reality of Artificial Intelligence. Ivey Business Journal. Retrieved April 6, 2022, from https://iveybusinessjournal.com/the-reality-of-artificial-intelligence/

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Calligraphy has been a part of Chinese culture for more than 2,200 years. In this video, the speaker wants to express what Chinese calligraphy looks like and how it is written. The video also demonstrates how calligraphy works.

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https://baike.baidu.com/item/瓷器/601?
fr=aladdin
Chinese porcelain evolved from pottery. The original porcelain originated more than 3000 years ago. By the Song Dynasty, famous porcelain kilns had spread throughout most of China, which was the most prosperous period of porcelain industry. At that time, Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln and Ding kiln were known as the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty. At that time, Chai kiln and Jian kiln were more famous. The blue and white porcelain produced in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, known as the capital of porcelain, has become a representative of porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty. The blue and white porcelain glaze is as transparent as water, the carcass is thin and light, and the white porcelain body is covered with blue decoration, which is simple, elegant, fresh and full of vitality. Once blue and white porcelain appeared, it became popular and became the crown of the traditional famous porcelain in Jingdezhen. Together with blue and white porcelain, there are also blue and white exquisite porcelain, pastel porcelain and color glazed porcelain. In addition, there are sculpture porcelain, thin tire porcelain, colorful tire porcelain and so on, which are very exquisite and have their own characteristics.

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Coffee eventually made its way to Makkah and Egypt, then to Turkey in the mid-16th century, and finally to Europe. Perhaps because of its long history in the region, coffee is a symbol of hospitality throughout the Middle East. “It is the first beverage offered to any Saudi guest,” says Majed Al Muhanna, a heritage food documenter. It is served at events, social gatherings and weddings, and in private homes, offices and, of course, cafés.

I chose this article because it talks about Saudi coffee for foreigners to Inform them about the culture, type, and method of preparing coffee.

The writer's bias was too positive towards Saudi coffee.

Enjoyment, taste, and elegance.

Saudi, V. (2022, January 1). Qahwa Culture 101: How Is Saudi Coffee Made? Visit Saudi. Retrieved April 12, 2022, from https://www.visitsaudi.com/en/eat/guides/qahwa-culture-101--how-is-arabian-coffee-made-.

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The purpose of the author is to introduce the tea culture of China. The exhibition not only introduces the history of tea culture, but also introduces the way of drinking tea and the history of various kinds of tea. I think it was written to inform.
“Today, tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world after water.” “most consumed” means tea is very popular.
“By 1700, tea in Europe sold for ten times the price of coffee, and the plant was still only grown in China. ” “ten price” and “only” means tea is precious and the place where it is grown is unique.
“At that point, China still held a virtual monopoly on the world's tea trees” “held” means tea can only be found in China.

Reference
Summer-Peach, My tea, bilibili, February 19, 2021 from

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1qz4y127P5/?spm_id_from=autoNext

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Chinese tea culture 中国茶文化 中国文化传播_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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YouTube, 视频播放量 16596、弹幕量 7、点赞数 185、投硬币枚数 18、收藏人数 535、转发人数 426, 视频作者 jasminexie21, 作者简介 努力每日更新，相关视频：【纪录片】品茶大师-Masters of Tea （2013），【新闻剪辑】中国茶文化，中国·茶 Chinese·Tea，Chinese Tea Culture，【Ted-ED】茶的历史 The History Of Tea，中国文化"走出去"传播，漫话中国茶的历史，品种、工艺、饮茶观，三个角度趣谈茶文化，中国茶文化--茶礼中的四规，全英语版yin茶文化介绍，【学生作业】中国茶文化：茶之物语 -英语专业

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“[AI] is going to change the world more than anything in the history of mankind. More than electricity.”— AI oracle and venture capitalist Dr. Kai-Fu Lee, 2018

I think the good thing about this article is that most of its ideas come from Kai-fu Lee, who is also one of the leading AI players in China. In this way, this article has more credibility and reference value. In addition, the article discusses the influence of AI on the future from seven perspectives, which is very comprehensive and has many celebrities' opinions. I think it is very effective to use such articles for reference.

reference
Mike Thomas, April 7, 2022. Future of AI: 7 Ways Artificial Intelligence Changes The World, Built In from

https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence/artificial-intelligence-future (Links to an external site.)

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How artificial intelligence is transforming the world - Abdullah 

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How artificial intelligence is transforming the world - Abdullah 

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The article that I chose includes facts and real examples, which is why I chose it. It is also a summary of the meaning of artificial intelligence and how it will help us and solve many crises.

AI systems have the ability to learn and adapt as they make decisions. In the transportation area, for example, semi-autonomous vehicles have tools that let drivers and vehicles know about upcoming congestion, potholes, highway construction, or other possible traffic impediments. Vehicles can take advantage of the experience of other vehicles on the road, without human involvement, and the entire corpus of their achieved “experience” is immediately and fully transferable to other similarly configured vehicles. Their advanced algorithms, sensors, and cameras incorporate experience in current operations, and use dashboards and visual displays to present information in real time so human drivers are able to make sense of ongoing traffic and vehicular conditions. And in the case of fully autonomous vehicles, advanced systems can completely control the car or truck, and make all the navigational decisions.

Reference
Thomas Davenport, Jeff Loucks, and David Schatsky, “Bullish on the Business Value of Cognitive” (Deloitte, 2017), p. 3 (www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/deloitte-analytics/articles/cognitive-technology-adoption-survey.html).

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What is Arabic coffee and ways to use it? - Abdullah 

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What is Arabic coffee and ways to use it? - Abdullah 

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The authentic Arabic coffee is a hot drink invigorating, and its color ranges from yellow (blond) to black to brown, depending on the degree of enthusiasm of the coffee beans. It is included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization for the year 2015. Most of the uses of this type of coffee are in the Arab Gulf countries. This coffee is used for hospitality in receiving guests in homes or whatever.

I chose this article because it is limited to the most common thing in the Gulf, specifically Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, which is Arabic coffee and how to use it.

Reference
Civitello, Linda (2007)، Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People، Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley، ISBN 9780471741725.

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Qingming Festival is a traditional festival in China. On this day, people in China will pay homage to their ancestors. This is a very important day for China. On this day, people will visit many rich food, chicken, fish, rice and wine in front of the tomb. Remember the dead and burn some incense. Everyone present will pour wine for their ancestors and burn ghost coins.

Reference

StormSue,Qing Ming Festival,bilibili,March 27,2021 from

【苏说文化二十四节气之清明(英文版)-哔哩哔哩】 https://b23.tv/0OJeFWj

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苏说文化二十四节气之立夏（英文版）

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苏说文化二十四节气之立夏（英文版）_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

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视频播放量 3321、弹幕量 3、点赞数 50、投硬币枚数 11、收藏人数 72、转发人数 148, 视频作者 StormSue, 作者简介 爱英语，爱传统，爱经典！，相关视频：【纪录片】《四季中国》第七集《立夏》，24节气｜立夏的英文表达，二十四节气 · 立夏，【二十四节气英文介绍】立夏，【CCTV文化传播】二十四节气·立夏，苏说文化二十四节气之谷雨(英文版)，苏说文化二十四节气之芒种（英文版），【二十四节气】第七集，立夏，春生夏长，在学习后，我们要懂得成长的意义，立夏之义可谓大哉。，中国日报---立夏，苏说文化二十四节气之大暑（英文版）

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Giving red envelopes during the Spring Festival means joy and good luck, and is also a way for elders to express good wishes to their younger generation. At that time, people believed that a monster called "sui" would appear on the New Year's Eve, and "sui" has the same pronunciation with "sui". The younger generation could spend a year safely after receiving the New Year's money.

Reference

Catherine Lee, January 30, 2022

Why Chinese People Give Red Envelopeshttps://www.thatsmags.com/guangzhou/post/17261/explainer-why-chinese-people-give-red-envelopes

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Think your child is too young to make a difference?

Think again. Kids are the future, and we need to imbue them with a sense of stewardship for the Earth: How to look after it for their generation and those that follow.  Sustainability for kids embodies one of the core tenets of sustainable living
(Links to an external site.): the minor changes—even by the most miniature people—can help create meaningful change. Just think of Greta Thunberg, Mari Copeny, Xiye Bastida, Irsa Hirsi, Lesein Mutunkei, and Leah Namugerwa. At just 11, 12, or 18 years old, these kids have made a global environmental impact!

So, what is sustainability for kids?

It’s easy to get caught in the weeds of this concept, but it’s relatively simple (not to mention fun!).

A good sustainability definition for kids can be short and sweet: To make small changes that help us look after the home we call Earth. The best thing about these sustainability activities for kids is that you’ll be involved. Because we all—young and old alike—can learn to show our planet a little more love.

I chose the article on sustainability for children because I see that focusing on this age group is essential in our time. In addition, the piece is fascinating and contains much valuable information and vivid examples. The topic of the article is precise and attracts attention.

reference:

Garcia, V. (n.d.). What is Sustainable Living? Sustainable Jungle. Retrieved April 18, 2022, from

https://www.sustainablejungle.com/sustainable-living/what-is-sustainable-living/.

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According to Professor of Psychology at Harvard University Dan Gilbert there exist two different kinds of psychological happiness, the natural kind, and the synthetic kind. Gilbert explains that: “Natural happiness is what we get when we get what we wanted, and synthetic happiness is what we make when we don’t get what we wanted”. Hang on; is happiness, not just the result of getting what you want? Surely it is not something you can just make up yourself. People that say that they are happier about the outcome they did not want are just fooling themselves, right? Well, it turns out that it is actually possible to create your own happiness, called synthetic happiness, and that this form of happiness is equally as good as natural happiness.

The name “synthetic” carries with it some associations that are less than ideal.  A more fitting name would be personal happiness because the internal validation that adds value to a choice you have already made is just that, internal and personal.

A, A. (2014, September 25). Natural and Synthetic happiness at work – Here's why you need both. The Chief Happiness Officer Blog. Retrieved April 20, 2022, from https://positivesharing.com/2014/09/natural-and-synthetic-happiness-at-work/ Cite.

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Stanford psychologist says this mindset shift will make you happier and more successful

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Stanford psychologist says this mindset shift will make you happier and more successful

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https://www.cnbc.com/video/2017/10/25/albert-einstein-used-this-mental-shift-to-be-happier-and-successful.html
I chose this video because I found it interesting. Albert Einstein show some steps which you can take to change self-criticism into self-compassion.

If you want to be happier and more successful in life, it’s important to fight the brain’s natural tendency to focus on the negative. Instead, try looking at the world through a positive, self-compassionate mindset, says Emma Seppälä, Stanford psychologist and faculty director of the women’s leadership program at the Yale School of Management.

Albert Einstein and Alibaba’s Jack Ma are prime examples of using this mindset in order to lead successful careers, Seppälä noted in her book, “The Happiness Track.”

“Stanford psychologist says this mindset shift will make you happier and more successful.” CNBC, 13 October 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/13/psychologist-says-this-mindset-makes-you-happier-and-successful.html. Accessed 20 April 2022.

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In “The Blue Zones of Happiness,” Dan Buettner wrote about pockets of the world where people live longer, happier, healthier lives: enclaves that tend to have abundant sunshine, green spaces, an emphasis on fitness and access to whole foods. “Where a person lives determines their level of happiness more than any other factor,” Buettner says.

Stephan Goetz, a professor of agricultural and regional economics at Penn State, published a study that showed suburban residents were happier than rural or metro folks. Interestingly, people who hadn’t moved at all in the past five years also reported being happier. “This may be related to not having to find new friends and social networks,” Goetz says.

Rough, J. (2018, May14). Where you live has a bigger impact on happiness and health than you might imagine.  Retrieved April 21, 2022, from
https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/where-you-live-has-a-bigger-impact-on-happiness-and-health-than-you-might-imagine/2018/05/11/16be7126-2c55-11e8-8ad6-fbc50284fce8_story.html

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An average American may move almost a dozen times in a lifetime, according to the Census Bureau. (iStock)

When my husband and I moved from Los Angeles to Washington for his job, I saw only the cons in our new city: overcast skies, solemn monuments and women wearing an accessory I'd forgotten about from junior high dances: pantyhose. The humidity was oppressive, the gray a wet blanket.

I wanted to move back to Los Angeles, where the sun gave a warm welcome, the open sky made me feel free and purple flowers hung like grape clusters from the jacaranda trees.

Ron wanted to stay put. Facing off, we planted our feet and tried to pull one another in opposite directions, a tug-o-war.

We weren't dealing with mere whims. Where we live is a matter of medical interest. Geospatial medicine, sometimes called geomedicine, studies how location affects our health and well-being. Just as a person has a genetic DNA, a person has an environmental DNA, says biologist and geographer Amy Blatt, author of "Health, Science, and Place." "I don't think people take into account how importantly a place impacts their health until it's too late," Blatt says.

In "The Blue Zones of Happiness," Dan Buettner wrote about pockets of the world where people live longer, happier, healthier lives: enclaves that tend to have abundant sunshine, green spaces, an emphasis on fitness and access to whole foods. "Where a person lives determines their level of happiness more than any other factor," Buettner says.

I grew up in Ohio, near dreary Lake Erie. Once, after a blizzard, my dad placed my two younger brothers and me on a toboggan and tied the rope around his waist. We cheered with delight as he ran across the back yard, whisking us through a winter wonderland. Exhausted, he dropped the rope, and I volunteered to take over.

I slipped the loop around my puffy coat, lifted my foot and - splat! - face-planted in the snow. The toboggan hadn't budged. As a child, I wasn't strong enough to move my brothers.

As an adult, my strength was no match for Ron's, either. He was older, wiser and made more money. With all my might, I tried to drag him back across the country. Like my brothers, he didn't give way.

The average American may move almost a dozen times in a lifetime, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Americans move for all sorts of reasons: jobs, bigger houses, retirement, family or - as was the case in my early 20s when I packed my Jeep and headed to California - because we think it'll make us happier.

I still remember standing on a coastal bluff the first day I arrived. The air smelled like jasmine and honeysuckle. Sunlight sparkled like glitter on the Pacific. I tugged off my wool sweater, raised my arms to the heavens and decided on the spot I'd stay until I died.

Despite my mental-health boost, the move may have increased my risk of early death. According to the American Lung Association, 70 percent of California residents live in an area with unhealthy air. The jasmine-infused breeze I adored was contaminated with pollutants that have been linked to cancer, asthma, heart attack and stroke.

An article published in the New England Journal of Medicine reports that when it comes to premature death, genetics has only a 30 percent influence; the other 70 percent is attributed to nongenetic factors such as environment, access to health care and individual behaviors.

Although the article separated environment and individual behaviors, research suggests the two are linked. In a recent British study that examined data on more than 400,000 men and women, those who lived near gyms, pools and sport fields weighed less than the others, as did those who lived farther away from fast-food joints.

"To help people achieve good health outcomes, we have to take into consideration where they live, work and play," says Marie Lynn Miranda, head of the National Center for Geospatial Medicine at Rice University. Indeed, geography may soon be routinely included in electronic medical records.

"The next generation of health-care providers will be well versed in geospatial medicine," Blatt says. "Just as you get tested for cholesterol or glucose levels, doctors will ask your place history - all the places where you have lived."

In a 2009 TEDMED Talk, "Your Health Depends on Where You Live," health and human services expert Bill Davenhall said such an assessment will allow physicians to determine which environmental toxins and stressors a person has been exposed to and for how long.

Online tools can help reveal health risks of geographic locations: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention maps chronic-disease risk factors for 500 American cities; the University of Cincinnati has a Web page about the quality of drinking water for major metropolitan areas; the Gallup-Sharecare Well-Being Index ranks the happiest areas of the country; and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation website shows life expectancy by Zip code.

But the best tool may be Google Maps or real estate websites such as Zillow's, says Blatt. The zoom feature allows you to evaluate whether a neighborhood is set up to help you make healthy choices. When relocating, "think about how your health vulnerabilities match up against potential exposures and triggers," Miranda advises.

All this research might suggest it would be a good idea to pack up and move somewhere with parks, clean water and fresh mountain air. Yet that's precisely where the link between geography, health and happiness begins to tangle in its own roots.

Relocating is considered a type of loss - like death, divorce or a job layoff - because it disrupts social ties.

Stephan Goetz, a professor of agricultural and regional economics at Penn State, published a study that showed suburban residents were happier than rural or metro folks. Interestingly, people who hadn't moved at all in the past five years also reported being happier. "This may be related to not having to find new friends and social networks," Goetz says.

Another study shows that close friendships, even more than family attachments, are key to health and happiness, especially as we age.

Moving has been associated with adverse outcomes on the young, too, according to findings published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research. The study tracked more than 1.4 million Danes from age 15 to their early 40s. Researchers had a record of all the residents' moves from birth to age 14. A 14-year-old who moved even once had double the risk of abusing drugs or developing certain mental disorders by midlife compared with those who did not move at all; those risks increased with multiple moves.

When I was a teenager, my family relocated frequently for my dad's job. As an introvert, I preferred a good book to slumber parties, and the moves hit me hard. Home was my sanctuary, my safe place. Meaningful friendships came slowly. Every time we uprooted, those hard-won social networks were torn away, and I silently swore I'd never become a trailing spouse.

Over a sushi dinner a decade into my life in Los Angeles and 2 ¹/ 2 years into my marriage, Ron told me he wanted to take a job in D.C.

I pointed my chopsticks at the palm trees. "We're eating outside in February."

Despite the refrain that lapped inside me like ocean waves - don't move; don't move; don't move - we moved.

When we arrived in our new city, I wheeled my beach cruiser into the garage and parked it next to my inline skates. I missed my best friend, my book club, my favorite coffeehouse. I wrinkled my nose at the heavy colonial decor and longed for stucco. My area code, now 301 instead of 310, caused confusion among the California-based clients with whom I still worked, but mostly those two transposed numbers summed up how I felt: rearranged.

Susan Miller, who moved 14 times in 25 years while her husband was in the prime of his hotel corporate management career, founded the faith-based nonprofit Just Moved Ministry to help people cope with letting go of an old place and starting over in a new one. I took Miller's class at a church in McLean even though, by then, I'd been around six years.

"Cherish, don't cling," the leader said, speaking to the danger of clutching to the past. The next day, I looked around. Could I learn to love this city? The Washington Monument stuck straight up in the air and taunted me like a middle finger.

My outlook finally changed when Ron took me to Los Angeles for my birthday. One morning I met a friend for coffee at Shutters on the Beach. She told me she was divorcing. The tension in her marriage had torn it apart.

As the plane approached Reagan National on the flight home, I wondered: Maybe loving Washington didn't mean I had to wear Nats swag, become a political junkie or even stop pining for the mountains, sun and sea. Despite the links among geography, health and happiness, maybe the most important components were attitude and a willingness to adapt.

To love a city is to care for the people who live there. Ron loves Washington, and I love Ron. Real love means letting go of my own preferences to honor his. For years I'd been unable to embrace D.C. and its people because my hands were tied. In that moment on the plane from Los Angeles, I knew what to do: I laid down my rope.

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Perspective | Where you live has a bigger impact on happiness and health than you might imagine

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When my husband and I moved from Los Angeles to Washington for his job, I saw only the cons in our new city: overcast skies, solemn monuments and women wearing an accessory I'd forgotten about from junior high dances: pantyhose. The humidity was oppressive, the gray a wet blanket.