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Causes of death on a death certificate can be helpful in identifying the mortality rate of an illness in an area over time. While there were occasional errors and omissions on records and some records may have been overlooked here, this list is designed to provide a sense of the impact of influenza and flu-related illnesses in Carter County over this four month period.

For this list we are including the following causes of death:

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On each page:

Scroll right and left to see each column, and scroll down on each column to see all of the entries. Each month has a link to a detailed daily breakdown for that month.

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https://padlet.com/jspiker10/x0c3abvj01fqk2w6

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https://padlet.com/jspiker10/shh2kn89iik2mi45

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https://padlet.com/jspiker10/mz6hyi51poc6761m

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The identification of male and female was taken from death certificates when specifically stated or taken from a combination of information on the death certificate when not specifically stated.

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Bailey, Chad Fred. "1918-1919 Spanish Flu Deaths in Washington County (Spreadsheet)."

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Click on the link to return to the Local Deaths and Timeline Page:

https://padlet.com/jspiker10/bb3d30u62d82lyq3

Click on the link to return to exhibit's homepage:

https://padlet.com/jspiker10/2rhqvy22mgmmmmx

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Flu, Flue, Influenzy, Spanish flu, Spanish Influenza, etc.

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unknown: 0
0-5 years: 17
6-14 years: 9
15-24 years: 19
25-50 years: 25
51+ years: 12

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The identification of African-American was included in the daily breakdown when someone was specifically identified as such (including language common to the time period of "black" or "colored.")

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Grip, gripe, grippe.
Occurred as a term for influenza.

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Male: 37
Female: 43
Unknown: 2

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unknown: 0
0-5 years: 5
6-14 years: 6
15-24 years: 12
25-50 years: 16
51+ years: 5

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unknown: 0
0-5 years: 7
6-14 years: 1
15-24 years: 1
25-50 years: 3
51+ years: 2

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unknown: 0
0-5 years: 4
6-14 years: 1
15-24 years: 4
25-50 years: 6
51+ years: 4

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unknown: 0
0-5 years: 1
6-14 years: 1
15-24 years: 2
25-50 years: 0
51+ years: 1

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Pneumonia, broncho pneumonia, bronchial pneumonia.

We are including pneumonia deaths because during this time period pneumonia was often related to influenza, and it was occasionally left off of the cause of death report or misidentified.

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Male: 20
Female: 22
Unknown: 2

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Male: 5
Female: 9

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Male: 11
Female: 8

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Male: 1
Female: 4

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Diarrhea was occasionally listed as a cause of death alongside influenza, but there were a couple of instances where it is listed as the sole cause of death. Like pneumonia, diarrhea as a cause of death in this time period was often linked to influenza. While it is possible that diarrhea could be linked to numerous other diseases, in the instances that it is listed as the sole cause of death it is included in this list as a possible result of influenza.

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Normally listed as flu with another illness, or an illness listed as resulting from the flu.

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Other illnesses not included on their own

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Other illnesses not included on their own

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For this list we are not including other causes of death that may have been related to the flu unless influenza is directly identified with it. This gives the list specific characteristics while not over speculating. Tuberculosis is an example of a disease that is occasionally listed alongside influenza but it is only included here when specifically mentioned as a flu-related disease.

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Things to consider: Some influenza deaths may have been misidentified or overlooked at the time, some death records with flu recorded may have been overlooked in the original deed research and left off of this list, and some of the non-flu deaths (pneumonia, diarrhea) on this list might not have been flu-related.