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“10th Mountain Division at Mount Rainier.” Mount Rainier National Park, YouTube, 24 May 2012, www.youtube.com/watch?v=22A1qvWhLDs.

Burt, Bradley J. “What Makes the 10th Mountain Division the Toughest Division in the Military.” Outpost 422, 20 Nov. 2019, outpost422.com/2019/11/18/what-makes-the-10th-mountain-division-the-toughest-division-in-the-military/.

“The History of the Legendary 10th Mountain Division, The Men Who Started USA's Ski Industry.” SnowBrains, 11 Nov. 2019, snowbrains.com/10th-mountain-division-history-fire-mountain/.

Olick, Diana. “Climate Change Is Taking a Toll on the $20 Billion Winter Sports Industry - and Swanky Ski Homes Could Lose Value.” CNBC, 5 July 2019, www.cnbc.com/2019/03/20/climate-change-is-taking-a-toll-on-the-20-billion-ski-industry.html.

“Winter Warriors: The 10th Mountain Division.” The Storm King, 2012, thestormking.com/Sierra_Stories/10th_Mtn_Division/10th_mtn_division.html.

“WWII Training in Mt. Rainier National Park .” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 4 Nov. 2019, www.nps.gov/articles/mtrainierwwiitraining.htm.

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Since its most recent reactivation in 1985, the division and/or elements of the division have deployed numerous times since. The division has participated in Operation Desert Storm (Saudi Arabia), Hurricane Andrew disaster relief (Homestead, Florida), Operation Restore Hope and Operation Continue Hope(Somalia), Operation Uphold Democracy (Haiti), Operation Joint Forge (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Operation Joint Guardian (Kosovo), and several deployments as part of the Multinational Force and Observers (Sinai Peninsula). Since 2001, the division and its four combat brigades have seen over 20 deployments to both Iraq and Afghanistan in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom, respectively.

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The men of the 10th Mountain Division during WW2 earned many awards for their service. Among them were 1 Medal of Honor, awarded to John D. Magrath for charging into open fire to take down Germans when the rest of his company had been pinned down. They also earned 3 Distinguished Service Crosses, 1 Distinguished Service Medal, 449 Silver Star Medals, 7 Legion of Merit Medals, 15 Soldier's Medals, and 7,729 Bronze Stars.

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During WW2, the 10th Mountain Division was commanded by Major General George Price Hays. He was a WW1 veteran and Medal of Honor recipient who retired from the military in 1953 after many years of dedicated service.

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Post-WW2, many members of the 10th Mountain Division coming back to the U.S. wanted to use their ski skills to create something positive during peacetime. After the war, ex-soldiers from the 10th Mountain Division fired up America’s modern ski industry. They published ski magazines, opened ski schools, and established ski areas, including Vail, Aspen, Sugarbush, Whiteface Mountain and others. At least 62 ski resorts have been founded, managed, or employed head ski instructors that were 10th Mountain Division veterans. Now a $20B industry in the United States, the ski industry is an important reminder of the division's lasting legacy.

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The 10th Mountain Division's insignia depicts two red swords crossed over a blue background. On the modern-day shoulder sleeve insignia of the unit, less easily detectable colors of tan and black are used.

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"Climb to Glory!"

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The goal was clear: defeat the Nazis who were entrenched high in the snowy mountains of Italy. At the beginning of 1945, the 10th Mountain left ports in Virginia to deploy to the front lines in the mountains of Italy.  In cooperation with allied units, the 10th Mountain sustained heavy fighting as they dislodged the Germans from artillery positions throughout the Apennines, clearing some of the mountain's highest peaks to allow for allied forces to advance. The mountains had been considered unscalable by the Germans and the February 1945 attack succeeded.

Seven German counterattacks followed over the next three days costing the 10th Mountain Division 850 casualties, but the Division held the mountain nonetheless.

Final advances into the Po Valley cost the Division dearly, but broke the German lines. By April, the Division cut the German Army’s main escape routes through the Brenner Pass, hastening surrender and the end of German resistance in the area. In 114 days of combat, the 10th Mountain Division had decimated five elite German divisions, but at the cost of 992 of their own killed in action and 4,154 wounded.

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The 10th Mountain division was created specifically to tackle treacherous mountain terrain, and that's exactly what they did during WW2. They saw combat in  Cutigliano, Battle of Monte Castello, Monte Della Torraccia-Mount Belvedere,  Canolle,  Mongiorgio, Torbole and Nago; all areas of Italy in which the terrain was mountainous and difficult. It was the 10th Mountain Division's training specifically for mountainous conditions that allowed them to be successful. (Link is to a video from the NPS showing the 10th Mountain Division training at Mount Rainier National Park)

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Originally founded as the 10th Light Division in 1943, the division was re-designated as the 10th Mountain Division in 1944 and fought in the mountains of Italy. Following the war, the division was deactivated, only to be reactivated and re-designated as the 10th Infantry Division in 1948. The division first acted as a training division and in 1954 was converted to a full combat division and sent to Germany before being deactivated again in 1958. Re-activated again in 1985, it was designated again as the 10th Mountain Division to historically tie it to World War 2 and the heroic acts that the 10th Mountain Division carried out within the war.