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- The development gap between nations has significantly increased in recent decades.

- Nations dependent on a few export commodities are particularly affected.

- This dependence exposes countries to market volatility.

- A drop in global demand directly impacts national income.

- Lack of economic diversification limits innovation and resilience against economic disruptions.

- This makes it difficult for these nations to compete globally.

- Reliance on narrow export sectors can perpetuate persistent poverty and inequality.

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A map to show colonialism around the world

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Aarna - Colonialism affect on development

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Aarna - Colonialism affect on development

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Factors such as colonialism have created a development gap because it exploited resources and labour for own benefit, which hindered the development with former colonies.

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Tabitha-What poor countries rely on to get income 

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Tabitha-What poor countries rely on to get income 

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Many poor countries that rely on exports to get income, rely on the demand of products from other countries that their selling to.

Many poor countries rely on crops too get money as they are selective to their climate and can be made in large quantities.

However, its not just crops that countries rely on, they also rely on commodities such as metals or oil which can also have fluctuating prices so its risking to rely on one or two things.

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In poorer countries they have a multitude of different diseases like, Tuberculosis, arboviruses, trachoma and many others because of the climate.100% of the poorest countries have at least 5 of these diseases. Because of this it can increase mortality rates and affect child growth.

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Land locked countries have very disadvantaged trade links. Poorer land locked countries, such as Afghanistan, have a multitude of disadvantages in trade as they cannot build good land based trade links. Most land locked countries are poor and have few trade links if any. This can greatly stunt their abilities to develop as it is incredibly hard to trade goods with other countries. This means that only the rich can export goods, In countries that have high levels of natural resources, this leads to a money grab, with corrupt officials cashing in and the poor losing out.

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Many poor countries rely heavily on selling 1 or 2 cash crops

to make their money. But that is very risky as some products can go up and down in price very quickly.

Countries like Malawi rely heavily on tobacco and the use of it is steadily declining. Affecting their economy greatly.

Also the climate can affect them so if they have a bad season, they are in trouble and at risk of increasing their poverty

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At first Asia was the richest continent and Europe was tied with Africa.

However in 1750 the industrial revolution had begun in Britain and this then propelled them into first place of wealth.

Britain then settled in Africa and they started building industries in Africa.

While all this was happening America was gaining wealth and becoming more and more exports were coming from the country.

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In a hot dry landlocked country, with poor soil and few other natural resources, development may be very difficult. Some countries have rich soil, and a climate that helps farming and natural resources - such as oil - that other countries are keen to buy. Some countries benefit greatly from their location. Singapore is an example. It sits in one of the world's busiest shipping routes.

(This is Luca's original idea, Tom Anthony's work was copied from here)

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Corruption is a form of dishonesty or a criminal offense that is undertaken by a person or an organisation that is entrusted in a position of authority to acquire illicit benefits or abuse power for one's gain.

Reasons for corruption:

This might sound bad, but very often in poor countries, people like police officers don't get paid enough so they have to resort to different methods of getting money.

Although in other cases people can be corrupt for self benefit and because they can.

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Children in developing countries have a poorer quality education system because of poverty, lack of resources and poor infrastructure.

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A diagram to show the Transatlantic Slave Trade

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Aarna - The Transatlantic Slave Trade's impact on development 

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Aarna - The Transatlantic Slave Trade's impact on development 

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Slavery (the Transatlantic Slave Trade) forcibly transported millions of Africans to Americas.

The economic and social development caused slavery continues to affect development in many African countries.

The Transatlantic Slave Trade created depopulation and economic stagnation (lack of activity/growth).

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Conflict and corruption plays a large part in the development of countries as it determines were the money goes to.

With corruption we can see that money goes into of shore accounts instead of being funnelled into the country. tax that could be spent on health and education or the general betterment of the society is instead spent towards there leaders new car or mansion.

With conflict and war see that both the economy and the quality of life is heavily dampened as life comes to an end quicker and money is spent on purchasing weapons and healing injured soldiers and civilians.

conflict can also lead to manipulation from other countries benefiting of the war and leaders who can more easily take money from the people.

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The tse tse fly knocks out their large domestic animals which we heavily rely on for agriculture. This fly is present in tropical countries. Countries with hot climate are heavily impacted on development.

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Connie - Government spending for health and education

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Connie - Government spending for health and education

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In 2023/24, the UK government spent arount £221 billion on health cares and £112 billion on education. These are the biggest items that the government spend on.

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Rocco - Conflict and corruption and how this impacts development

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Rocco - Conflict and corruption and how this impacts development

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In many countries, corruption adds to the problem. Leaders and officials take bribes, and steal money that should be spent on the poor.

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This is when Britain colonised in Africa they built factories and coal mines then exporting goods back to Britain and around the world.

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Diseases like Malaria, TB and AIDS are common in many poor countries.

If you become unwell, you cannot work, therefore you wont be paid.

Poor quality and limited access to healthcare.

People cannot pay for health care services.

Living in poverty makes it harder for people to manage their health well.

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Limited government budgets, joined with a high amount of poverty, result in inadequate funding for essential medical services. This leads to shortages of medical supplies. Also the often high costs of healthcare are a big financial problem for many people

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The average GDP growth since 1761 industrial revolution 

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The industrial revolution was the tipping point for the growth of the world especially in Britain and Africa.

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This graph shows the exports from Africa and how much of the things that are grown in Africa and sold around the world