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"Make thick my blood" (Macbeth Act 1, Scene 5, line 50). Lady Macbeth is asking for the courage to commit the murder so her husband can become king. The play mentions blood repeatedly. The play begins with the mention of blood to highlight the fierce battle that has just occurred. Macbeth talks of blood when he is plotting assassination (Act 1, Scene 7, line 9), and Lady Macbeth and Macbeth use their murder victim's blood to make the king's drugged guards appear guilty of his murder. After the murder, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth both see blood on their hands as the sign of their guilt, and she cannot seem to get the blood off her hands. Throughout the play, Shakespeare plays to the audience by often mentioning blood, which raises the stakes, ensures the audience knows that lives are at stake, and that the various contenders for the throne are willing to commit bloody acts to seize power. Blood sets the tone and mood of the play as fierce, risky and dangerous.

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“Methought I heard a voice cry ‘Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep’—the innocent sleep, Sleep that knits up the raveled sleave of care, The death of each day’s life” (Shakespeare 2.2.35). Throughout the play, Shakespeare uses sleep in order to represent how people who are sinners cant sleep and the innocent can. By including this in the text, Shakespeare shows the reader how Macbeth becomes consumed by his guilt and is unable to sleep.

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“Better be with the dead, Whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace, Than on the torture of the mind to lie In restless ecstasy. Duncan is in his grave. After life’s fitful fever he sleeps well” (Shakespeare 3.2.22-26).  In this quote Macbeth talks about how Duncan, though he is dead, is at peace and sleeping well.  This is in contrast to himself as he seems to be unable to live without anxiety and paranoia. Throughout this text, Shakespeare uses sleep to portray innocence and purity, something Macbeth lost when he murdered Duncan.  As a consequence for this, Macbeth is no longer able to sleep peacefully.  This motif helps portray an ironic tone.  Even though Macbeth thought that killing Duncan would solve all his problems, it really just created new, worse ones for him, which is an example of irony.  All of these new ironic problems, including his lack of sleep, stem in some way from the murder.  This contradiction enforces the ironic tone we see throughout the play.

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“The night has been unruly. Where we lay,

Our chimneys were blown down and, as they say,

Lamentings heard i' th' air, strange screams of death,

And prophesying with accents terrible

Of dire combustion and confused events”(Shakespeare 2.3.28-32).
In this quote, Shakespeare uses the supernatural to signify the weight of Macbeth's decision to kill Duncan. It shows how difficult of a decision it was for Macbeth, as it literally shook the Earth.

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“Methought I heard a voice cry “Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep”—the innocent sleep, Sleep that knits up the raveled sleave of care, The death of each day’s life, sore labor’s bath, Balm of hurt minds, great nature’s second course, Chief nourisher in life’s feast.”(2.2.47-51). This passage uses the motif to mean times of peace. By murdering Duncan, Macbeth was crossing the line into achieving his ambitions, which will make it so he will never be able to rest again. This quote also does a god job of introducing this motif, and helps to explain its uses later in the play. This relates to that total theme and mood of anxiety that reoccurs throughout the book, and when mentioning the lack and murder of sleep throughout the play, and hence the ending of peace, Shakespeare shows that mood.

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¨Blood hath been shed ere now, i’ th’ olden time,
Ere humane statute purged the gentle weal;
Ay, and since too, murders have been performed
Too terrible for the ear. The time has been
That, when the brains were out, the man would die,
And there an end. But now they rise again
With twenty mortal murders on their crowns
And push us from our stools. This is more strange
Than such a murder is¨(Shakespeare 3.4.91-99). This quote addresses how unnatural it is to kill for ones ambition and have to live with the thought that there is no turning back, you would need to like with the thought of how many people you killed and for what reasons.

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- “But now they rise with twenty mortal murders on their crowns and push us from our stools” (Shakespeare 3.4.80-83).
Here Macbeth is literally saying that the ghosts of the people that he murdered are rising from the dead with twenty fatal head wounds and pushing him off his stool. Shakespeare's purpose in including this motif in the text is to represent Macbeth's conscience throughout the play. By showing the apparitions taking over Macbeth's thoughts and appearing only for him one can see Macbeth's state of mind and sense the guilt and fear that he feels due to his inhumane actions. One can also see how the apparitions influence how Macbeth acts; as in, after these ghosts of his past appear he is more nervous and shaky when moving on to his next order of business but later in the play when he meets the apparitions brought to him by the witches which speak to him of confidence he begins to act faster and with more confidence. The inclusion of this motif in Shakespeare's writing sets a mood of suspense because the reader is uncertain about how Macbeth will act due to new apparitions.

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"Avaunt, and quit my sight! Let
the earth hide thee.
Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold.
Thou hast no speculation in those eyes
Which thou dost glare with! "(3.4.110-115). In this passage Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo but no one else does. Shakespeare uses Banquo's ghost as reminder to Macbeth of all his sins that he has done. The ghost also represents Macbeth's guilt and anxiety he is filled with and through him hallucinating we can see that Macbeth is mentally unstable.

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“Tis better thee without than he within”(Shakespeare 3.4.14). Shakespeare includes the motif of paradoxical language in his text to give the reader more insight on what is going through characters minds, or insight on what is going to happen in the story. This can make the tone and mood more serious and apprehensive, as the words can have double meanings, and make the reader question what is going to happen.

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“Which shows me many more, and some I see That twofold balls and treble scepters carry. Horrible sight! Now I see ’tis true, For the blood-boltered Banquo smiles upon me And points at them for his” (Shakespeare 4.1. 135-139). In this quote, Macbeth is once again seeing the ghost of Banquo. Everytime he sees the ghost of Banquo, the readers are shown how mentally unstable Macbeth is. Because he is trying to live with the guilt of killing Banquo, this ghost that looks like Banquo is his living guilt. Macbeth is alos presented with the fact that Banquos descendants will still become kings, and he is filled with rage because he wants his kin to be kings, not Banquos

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“There’s blood upon thy face” (Shakespeare.3.3.13-14).

Blood is a recurring motif within Macbeth. It shows the reality of what is happening throughout, as the characters are playing with situations of life or death. Shakespeare's continual use of blood helps display the gravity of murder, and paints it in a real light. It's also used as a way to show the guilt, as a exposed view into what they are trying to hide, as their guilt overcomes them.

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"Methought I heard a voice cry 'Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep' --the innocent sleep (Shakespeare 2.2.47-48).

Sleep represents a time of peace, and the innocent can fall asleep easily. Shakespeare includes this motif to show how Macbeth has lost his ability to easily sleep, as his guilty conscience weighs on him heavily.

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"I am in blood
Stepped in so far that, should I wade no more,
Returning were as tedious as go o’er. "(Shakespeare 3.4.142–144)

Macbeth says these lines after seeing Banquo's ghost at the banquet. Blood is a reminder of his guilt. After killing Duncan, he and Lady Macbeth struggle to wipe blood off of their clothes. Later on in her guilt, Lady Macbeth is plagued by an imaginary spot of blood on her clothes. In this line, Macbeth reveals that he has killed so many people that it will be more difficult for him to be good than to continue being evil. This line foreshadows both Lady Macbeth's demise as well as Macbeth's descent into madness. Shakespeare included this motif to establish blood as a symbol for guilt.

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"Methought I heard a voice cry 'Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep' --the innocent sleep (Shakespeare 2.2.47-48).

Sleep is used in this quote to show innocent people are able to sleep unbothered and how evil people are hunted by their wrong doings and crimes, to the point where they start to hear voices from their victims and hallucinate due to fear and guilt.

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Horrified at the sight of Duncan’s blood on his hands, Macbeth wonders, “Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood/Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather/The multitudinous seas incarnadine/Making the green one red” (Shakespeare 2.2.60-63). Macbeth is saying that the blood on his hands will never go away, even if they were washed with the entire ocean. He feels guilty for killing Duncan, and he feels as though that guilt, symbolized by the blood, can never be washed away. He will carry his decision to kill Duncan with him forever, and as such, the blood on his hands will never go away. Shakespeare included this symbol to add vivid imagery to the scene. The blood is physical, visual proof of Macbeth’s guilt, and showing it in this way gives the reader/audience a more striking, dramatic view of what he has done. Additionally, the blood itself adds to the dark, ominous tone of the play.

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"Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood/clean from my hand?" Macbeth cries after he has killed Duncan, even as if his wife scolds him and says that a little water will do the job (2.2.58-59). The purpose of Shakespear including the motif of bood in the text was to give the audience more of an idea what the charcters are feeling, especially after such actions such as killing. It is clear that blood is used to symbolize guilt, and is also used as a stain/mark that cannot be washed or forgotten. This makes the tone and the mood of the play more suspense, serious, and makes is so the audience connects to the emotions of the charcters so far as guilt and regret.

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“It is an accustomed action with her to seem thus washing her hands. I have known her continue in this a quarter of an hour” (5.1.30-33). Lady Macbeth is repeatedly acting a motion of washing her hands, as she is torn with grief and stress from the crimes she has committed. The stress of being found out has made her hallucinate and become deranged, as she constantly sees herself with blood on her hands, a symbol of the murders she has witnessed and helped to commit and how she cannot escape what she has already done. This is an example of one of the consequences to ambition, if you make a serious and drastic action to get what you want to achieve, you will not be able to change that, and must have to suffer with the aftermath of your actions.