# data[].attributes.body
SS (“Schutzstaffel”) were the main managers of the Concentration camps and were the ones to put the Jews through all the horrible conditions (Holocaust Museum, 2018)

# data[].attributes.body
(March 1905- September 1997)
Man's search for meaning was his most well know work and was written is just 9 days.
One of his hobbies was mountain climbing
He got his pilots license at 67
He only has one child

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Viktor Frankl: Logotherapy and Man's Search for Meaning

# data[].attributes.body
"logos" means meaning in greek

# data[].attributes.body
Components of Franklian Philosophy- Kai
1. Each person has a healthy core.
2. The primary focus is to enlighten a person to their own internal resources and provide them with the tools to use their inner core.
3. Life offers you purpose and meaning; it does not owe you a sense of fulfillment or happiness.

# data[].attributes.body
Finding meaning with Logotherapy- Kai
1. By creating a work or accomplishing some task
2. By experiencing something fully or loving somebody
3. By the attitude that one adopts toward unavoidable suffering

# data[].attributes.body
Logotherapy Techniques- Kai
1. Dereflection: directing attention away from the self and towards the collective
2. Paradoxical Intention: asking for the thing we fear the most, thus removing the fear from their intention and relieving the anxious symptoms associated with it.
3. Socratic dialogue- therapist using the person’s own words as a method of self discovery; pointing out specifc patterns to allow the client to see knew meaning in them

# data[].attributes.body
In 1961, his ideas were challenged by psychologist Rollo May, known as the founder of the existential movement in the United States, who argued that logotherapy was equivalent to authoritarianism, with the therapist dictating solutions to the patient. In this way, it was felt that the therapist diminished the patient's responsibility in finding solutions to problems.

# data[].attributes.body
Frankl came up with logotherapy from 1942-1945 while he was in a concentration camp

# data[].attributes.body
When he first arrived in Auschwitz they separated the prisoners. To the left were the sick and unable, and to the right were the workers. Frankl friend was sent to the left where they incinerated all of the sick prisoners. He met another prisoner on the right side who told him to look at the chimney. He said "Thats where your friend is, floating up to heaven". The sky was dark and full of clouds while Frankl watched them burn.

# data[].attributes.body
Conditions treated with logotherapy- Kai
- existential angst, meaninglessness, substance abuse, post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety

# data[].attributes.body
logotherapy is used modernly as more of a philosophy to consider and apply in conjunction with other therapies instead of directly

# data[].attributes.body
Basic Assumptions- Kai
1. The human being consists of a mind, body, and spirit
2. Life has meaning in all circumstances
3. Humans have a will to meaning
4. Individuals have the freedom to access meaning
5. Meaning of the moment: individuals must respond to the demands of daily life in ways that match their values
6. Individuals are unique

# data[].attributes.body
Psychotherapy is a form of treatment with the goal of relieving emotional distress and mental health issues. it is more widely referred to simply as "therapy".
-Max

# data[].attributes.headline
In 1942 Frankl and his family were sent to Thereisienstadt concentration camp.

# data[].attributes.subject
In 1942 Frankl and his family were sent to Thereisienstadt concentration camp.

# data[].attributes.headline
Over the span of three years Frankl was moved between 4 concentration camps. Including Auschwitz.

# data[].attributes.subject
Over the span of three years Frankl was moved between 4 concentration camps. Including Auschwitz.

# data[].attributes.headline
To help decrease the suicide rate of the others liberated, he tried to have them reflect and think about what happened. Even before The Holocaust he helped teens to not commit suicide and because of that he was asked to head the suicide prevention department of the General Hospital in Vienna

# data[].attributes.subject
To help decrease the suicide rate of the others liberated, he tried to have them reflect and think about what happened. Even before The Holocaust he helped teens to not commit suicide and because of that he was asked to head the suicide prevention department of the General Hospital in Vienna

# data[].attributes.body
“On the average, only those prisoners could keep alive who, after years of trekking from camp to camp, had lost all scruples in their fight for existence; they were prepared to use every means, honest and otherwise, even brutal force, theft, and betrayal of their friends, in order to save themselves. We who have come back, by the aid of many lucky chances or miracles - whatever one may choose to call them - we know: the best of us did not return.”

# data[].attributes.body
Psychotherapy is often used in treating most mental health issues such as anxiety disorders like OCD and PTSD, mood disorders like depression or bipolar, addictions, eating disorders like anorexia or bulimia, personality disorders like BPD, or other detachment disorders like schizophrenia. -Max

# data[].attributes.body
Hitler was obsessed with the idea of the superiority of the “pure” German race, which he called “Aryan,” and with the need for “Lebensraum,” or living space, for that race to expand.

# data[].attributes.body
Although he repeatedly says that only people who experienced it themselves will be able to understand the horrors of the concentration camps, Frankl believes that everyone experiences pain and must suffer at some point in his or her life.

# data[].attributes.body
The children who weren't killed after first leaving the trains were given almost the exact same conditions as the adults. They were given adult uniforms when resources were low and forced to sleep on concrete, wood or straw. Though it was very bleak towards the end of the holocaust the adults painted the inside of their sleeping area with bright colors and pictures. The reality for many of these children was that they were forced out of their homes, not knowing if their parents are dead or alive and forced to do hard labor on little food.

# data[].attributes.body
The Holocaust was a mass murder of European Jews, killing 6 million, but also killing Romani people, disabled people, homosexuals, dissidents, and twins, with 11 million dead in total.

# data[].attributes.body
Frankl observed that those prisoners who survived, who found a way to endure, always had a greater purpose that carried them onward through difficult conditions. For some it was a child who was sheltered away in some distant country and who was waiting for them upon liberation. For others it was a spouse or family member. For others it was an unfinished task or creative work that required their unique contribution.

# data[].attributes.body
"In one school of popular reasoning, people judge historical outcomes that they think are favorable as worthy tradeoffs for historical atrocities. The argument appears in some of the most inappropriate contexts, such as discussions of slavery or the Holocaust. Or in individual thought experiments, such as that of a famous inventor whose birth was the result of a brutal assault. There are a great many people who consider this thinking repulsive, morally corrosive, and astoundingly presumptuous."(http://www.openculture.com/2017/05/holocaust-survivor-viktor-frankl-explains-why-if-we-have-true-meaning-in-our-lives-we-can-make-it-through-the-darkest-of-times.html) this seems to happen when people are uncomfortable with their situation and don't want to to confront whats  whats happening

# data[].attributes.body
One would assume that the camp guards and camp commander were, as a whole, terrible people. However, Frankl occasionally experienced startling moments of human kindness from guards

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k4nO4_iHG8

# data[].attributes.body
Psychotherapy is also beneficial to those without known mental health issues by giving them insight on their life choices and problems.
-Max

# data[].attributes.body
The first concentration camps in Germany were meant for "enemies of the state"  These people were primarily political prisoners, communist, but this then expanded to include Jehovah's Witness, homosexuals, roma, 'asocials'

Extermination camps were used by the Nazis from 1941 to 1945 to murder Jews and, on a smaller scale, Roma.

Chełmno was the first extermination camp to be established in December 1941. Its purpose was to murder the Jews of the surrounding area and the Łódź ghetto

Auschwitz-Birkenau was a complex, consisting of a concentration camp, a forced labour camp and an extermination camp. Eventually it had a network of more than 40 satellite camps.

# data[].attributes.body
The prisoners were stripped naked, shaved, and whipped by their own belts. Minus hair they all possessed a common nakedness of identity. All that reminded for Frankl were his glasses and belt. Which he later had to trade for bread. The prisoners had to strip out of their role as human being into a prisoner to survive. By Frankl giving up his glasses and belt the last material item he owned he leaves his identity behind and becomes a prisoner. But this is the only way for him to survive.

# data[].attributes.body
The mental damage to people of rich intellect seemed to less because "they were able to retreat from their terrible surroundings to a life of inner riches and spiritual freedom." Frankl also observed that these people weren't able to survive camp life as well as those with a "less hardy makeup."- Hannah

# data[].attributes.body
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the World War II genocide of the European Jews. The Holocaust happened between 1941 and 1945 in German-occupied Europe. During this time, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered ⅔ of Europe’s Jewish population.
-Natalie

# data[].attributes.body
Auschwitz was the largest and deadliest concentration camp  where hundreds of thousands of people were tortured and murdered.
-Natalie

# data[].attributes.body
i have been looking into personality traits on my own recently and how they affect interaction between people. the traits that i have been delving into the most are identified as agreeable and disagreeable personality. i think that this plays a role in a prison environment. it stand to reason that more agreeable people would have fared better in the concentration camps because they were less likely to be outwardly dissatisfied and revolutionary. disagreeable people at any level were probably killed in this ruthless environment. frankl is most likely on the agreeable spectrum considering that he lived to tell the tail of this wretched place.

# data[].attributes.body
There was a social hierarchy inside the camps. The prisoners who had the job to kill/ burn other prisoners in the incinerator got paid more tokens. I would call this job moral humility. The prisoners who had labor jobs got paid less. This was interesting because I didn't know that inside the camps they created a new society in a sense.

# data[].attributes.body
The main purpose for the concentration camps was to kill people and the gas chambers took a while to use. The Nazis would dig large graves and shoot the people into them. They would later be buried. In the main camp there was a "death wall" where prisoners would strip naked and be shot. Prisoners were also forced into small rooms with little air and no food. Sometimes they would be alone other times they would be packed in.

# data[].attributes.body
-Hitler rise to power through started the nazi party
-

# data[].attributes.body
Nazis is the shortened name for the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). The Nazi party was a political party in Germany established in 1919 in the aftermath of World War 1. In 1921, Adolf Hitler became the leader of the Nazis and spearheaded the Holocaust until he died by suicide in 1945.
-Natalie

# data[].attributes.body
There are many different types and field within psychotherapy. A few of them being Cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, which helps you to replace unhealthy behaviors with healthy ones. Dialectical behavior therapy which teaches behavioral skills to help with managing stress and emotion. Acceptance and commitment therapy which helps you to accept your thoughts and feelings. Psychodynamic and psychoanalysis therapies which helps you to become more aware of your unconscious behaviors. Interpersonal psychotherapy which helps you address problems in your currently relationships. Finally supportive psychotherapy which helps you to cope with stress and difficult scenarios. -Max

# data[].attributes.body
While in the concentration camps, Frankl saw how the harsh environment surrounding the prisoners didn't stop them from having their "choice of action." The prisoners were able to still preserve their humanity even when faced with a mental and physically draining situation.- Hannah

# data[].attributes.body
On March 31, 1942 labor minimum was established at at least 11 hours a day in all concentration camps. In Auschwitz, prisoners would spend most of their day working, and the rest of it doing long roll calls, lining up for their 1,300-1,700 calories of the day, or cleaning. With the amount of daily labor mixed with the low food portions, plus the constant abuse exacerbated the death rate in the camp.

# data[].attributes.body
“What was really needed was a fundamental change in our attitude toward life. We had to learn ourselves and, furthermore, we had to teach the despairing men, that it did not really matter what we expected from life, but rather what life expected from us. We needed to stop asking about the meaning of life, and instead think of ourselves as those who were being questioned by life—daily and hourly.” -Victor Frankl
He survived in these camps because he never lost hope a d created his manuscript which holds that a fundamental basis for psychological and spiritual health as a sense of purpose.

# data[].attributes.body
Auschwitz was located in southern Poland. It initially served as a detention center for political prisoners. However, it quickly evolved into a network of camps where Jewish people and other perceived enemies of the Nazi party were exterminated, often in gas chambers, or used as slave labor.
-Natalie

# data[].attributes.body
In the beginning, people were shot to death to be executed at the camps in pits that had been dug for that purpose. Soviet prisoners of war were also executed at Auschwitz with at least 2,000 put to death. Starting in September 1941, gas chambers were created and prisoners were killed using poison gas. In about 1944, executions were carried out by hanging the victims in front of all of the other prisoners to intimidate them, with the victims being mostly prisoners who frequently attempt to escape.

# data[].attributes.body
Frankl and his fellow prisoners were in such shock over what was happening to them that they were unable to process the reality of it. They deluded themselves into believing that perhaps Auschwitz would not be as bad as it was rumored to be. They did this to preserve their minds from the travesty of their fate.

# data[].attributes.body
"Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space is our power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and our freedom."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds.

"When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to change ourselves." ...

"Everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms-to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one's own way." ...

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds. "When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to change ourselves." ... "Everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms-to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one's own way."

# data[].attributes.body
"everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms — to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances, to choose one's own way." While in the concentration camps Frankl said there was always a few men who would walk around offering support and bread to who needed it. Those are the men that proved you can choose the way you want to live, no matter what. - Hannah

# data[].attributes.body
This image represents how a therapist listens to and helps organize your thoughts and feelings to make them more manageable.
-Max

# data[].attributes.body
Starting in 1939, the Nazi government ordered all Jewish people to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothing. This tactic isolated Jews from the rest of society, and made it easier for them to be identified and targeted.
-Natalie

# data[].attributes.body
"Live as if you were living a second time, and as though you had acted wrongly the first time." i think that this quote is something that only one who has seen suffering and pain can relate to. I really relate to it. i have been sick to the point where i could have died, it gave me a true sense of what it means to be alive. i haven't seen or experienced anything quite as bad as a concentration camp, but I'm sure that when you are freed, if you are freed it is a similar feeling.

# data[].attributes.body
The word "Holocaust" comes from the Greek words "holos" (whole) and "kaustos" (burned). This word was historically used to describe a sacrificial offering burned at an altar. This word took on another meaning, defining the mass genocide that took place from 1941-1945.

# data[].attributes.body
apathy is a symptom of a situation like this, reality seems to dim while the single task of staying alive takes its grip on the individual. you have to not care what the out come is and live second my second to remain whole. i think that this concept is very Buddhist, that suffering is a part of being human, but i think that this is made more prominent when the environment becomes more extreme. apathy is not part of Buddhism, but is a part of human nature, and can show itself when we feel cornered. compassion seems to be the antidote to this fatal flaw. even in a scenario as horrific and brutal as Nazi Germany, if you hold compassion for those who have been trapped and are now complicit in this system you stand a chance to over ride it. compassion also builds a stronger community, making it more difficult for something like this to get wings.

# data[].attributes.body
Frankle observed that even when in a controlled environment, where the prisoners had no say, they were still faced with decisions to make that could impact their lives. -Hannah

# data[].attributes.body
The Mischling Test is a test used during Nazi Germany to determine if someone is a Jew or a Mischling (a half jew). A person with 3 or 4 Jewish grandparents is counted as Jewish, a person with 2 Jewish grandparents is either Jewish or a Mischling of the first degree, and a person with 1 Jewish grandparents is considered a Mischling of the 2nd degree. It gets complicated when there's a person with 2 Jewish grandparents and 2 none Jewish grandparents. It then depends on if they are or will be a part of the religious community, if they are married to or will marry a Jew, if their parents were married by a certain time and one of them in a Jew, or if they were born out of wedlock after a certain time with one of your parents being Jewish. If none of these, then a Mischling of the 1st degree. This test is based on the Nuremberg Laws.

# data[].attributes.body
Frankl wrote:

Everything can be taken from a man but one thing: the last of the human freedoms—to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances.

# data[].attributes.body
Logotherapy is a scientifically based school of psychotherapy, based on the belief that the search for meaning even amidst misery can constitute a potential solution to human suffering.

Meaning can be found by creating a work, loving someone, or adopting a modified attitude toward inevitable suffering.

# data[].attributes.body
To me it seems that Frankl thought that the purpose of life was to find meaning in life. People need to have something to work for and hold on to. Logotherapy's purpose is to get to a point where a person feels that they have a purpose. Where they have accepted the past, stopped focusing on themsleves, and intead work on fulfilling their purpose. The purpose can be physical or non-physical. Interal or external.

# data[].attributes.body
Logotherapy is also known as “the third Viennese School of Psychotherapy”. The first psychological school was Sigmund Freud’s, the second was Adler’s, and the third is a school founded by Viktor Frankl.
Freud said man was oriented towards “pleasure”. Then, Adler said he was oriented towards “power”. Frankl, however, had a vision of man as being directed towards “meaning”.

# data[].attributes.body
"If there is meaning in life at all, then there must be meaning in suffering." Frankl saw and experienced the suffering first hand while in concentration camps. For me this is saying there must be a real reason as to why we all had to endure those camps. - Hannah