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The cell's discovery was made possible and fueled by the invention of the microscope.

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The cell was first discovered and named by Robert Hooke in 1665. He remarked that it looked strangely similar to cellula or small rooms which monks inhabited, thus deriving the name. However what Hooke actually saw was the dead cell walls of plant cells (cork) as it appeared under the microscope

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The first man to witness a live cell under a microscope was Anton van Leeuwenhoek, who in 1674 described the algae Spirogyra. Van Leeuwenhoek probably also saw bacteria.

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1833 – Brown descibed the cell nucleus in cells of the orchid.

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In 1838, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden were enjoying after-dinner coffee and talking about their studies on cells. It has been suggested that when Schwann heard Schleiden describe plant cells with nuclei, he was struck by the similarity of these plant cells to cells he had observed in animal tissues. The two scientists went immediately to Schwann’s lab to look at his slides. Schwann published his book on animal and plant cells (Schwann 1839) the next year, a treatise devoid of acknowledgments of anyone else’s contribution, including that of Schleiden (1838). He summarized his observations into three conclusions about cells.

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1858 – Rudolf Virchow (physician, pathologist and anthropologist) expounds his famous conclusion: omnis cellula e cellula, that is cells develop only from existing cells [cells come from preexisting cells]

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1857 – Kolliker described mitochondria.

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1879 – Flemming described chromosome behavior during mitosis.

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1883 – Germ cells are haploid, chromosome theory of heredity.

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1898 – Golgi described the golgi apparatus.

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1938 – Behrens used differential centrifugation to separate nuclei from cytoplasm.

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1939 – Siemens produced the first commercial transmission electron microscope.

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1952 – Gey and coworkers established a continuous human cell line.

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1955 – Eagle systematically defined the nutritional needs of animal cells in culture.

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1957 – Meselson, Stahl and Vinograd developed density gradient centrifugation in cesium chloride solutions for separating nucleic acids.

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1965 – Ham introduced a defined serum-free medium. Cambridge Instruments produced the first commercial scanning electron microscope.

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1965 – Ham introduced a defined serum-free medium. Cambridge Instruments produced the first commercial scanning electron microscope.

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1981 – Transgenic mice and fruit flies are produced. Mouse embryonic stem cell line established.

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1995 – Tsien identifies mutant of GFP with enhanced spectral properties

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1998 – Mice are cloned from somatic cells.

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1999 – Hamilton and Baulcombe discover siRNA as part of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants

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1. All known living things are made up of cells.

2. The cell is structural & functional unit of all living things.

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells by division. (Spontaneous Generation does not occur).

4. Cells contains hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.

5. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.

6. All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry) of life occurs within cells.