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Evidence of Plate Tectonics
Evidence from fossils, glaciers, and complementary coastlines helps reveal how plates once fit together.

June 2nd, 2:24 PM
Modern continents hold clues to their distant past. Evidence from fossils, glaciers, and complementary coastlines helps reveal how the plates once fit together.

Fossils tell us when and where plants and animals once existed. Some life "rode" on diverging plates, became isolated, and evolved into new species. Other life dispersed to new areas as continents reconnected, oceans narrowed, or chains of volcanic islands formed. Finding identical or similar fossils in areas separated by vast distances were some of the first clues that scientists used to reconstruct past plate movement. This distribution of fossils led to theories that the southern continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Gondwana.

Similar geologic formations on different continents show historic land connections. Antarctica’s mountains are an extension of South America’s Andes. If Southern Hemisphere continents were reassembled into a single landmass, glacial remnants in Africa and India would realign.

MARJORIE L. ABRAHAN

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write all evidence of plate movement and write a short description about it

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The Action is at The Edges
So why is there so much tectonic activity (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the formation of mountain ranges) in the western United States compared to the East? Tectonic activity commonly occurs along the boundaries of the moving plates. The Pacific coast of the United States coincides with plate boundaries and thus has earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and developing mountain ranges. The Atlantic and Gulf coasts, though initially formed from plate-boundary activity, are now far from any plate boundaries and accompanying tectonic events.

Mountain Building
Most mountain ranges are long and narrow because they form at plate boundaries or hotspots. The largest mountain range on Earth is the system of mid-ocean ridges, a line of underwater volcanoes formed on the seafloor as plates diverge. Plate divergence sometimes rips a continent apart, forming long mountain ranges separated by deep rift valleys. Where plates converge along an active continental margin, the one with thin oceanic crust descends (“subducts”) beneath the continent, forming two parallel mountain ranges. One is a coastal range consisting of material squeezed up out of the sea, the other a volcanic chain farther inland above where hot water rises from the descending plate. The highest mountains on Earth, the Himalayas, are forming where thick blocks of continental crust (India and Asia) collide as a result of plate convergence. Sheared-up mountain ridges and valleys form in a narrow zone where one plate slides past another at a transform plate boundary. And a mountain chain of volcanoes forms where a plate rides over a hotspot; the volcanoes get older and lower as the plate moves them away from the hotspot.

Related Links—Mountain Building
NPS—Tectonic Landforms and Features
Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanic activity occurs above places in the Earth where pressure, temperature, and the presence of water conspire to melt rock. There are two main ways Earth materials melt: 1) hot mantle rises and decompresses; and 2) water flows through hot rock. The first type of melting occurs at diverging plate boundaries (mid-ocean ridges; continental rift zones) and hotspots, where mantle beneath plates is hot but remains solid because it is under great pressure. As the hot mantle rises, sudden drop in pressure causes melting, much as taking the lid off a pressure cooker causes super-heated water to flash to steam. The second mechanism results in volcanism at convergent plate boundaries. As one plate dives (subducts) beneath the other, it heats up and releases hot fluids (similar to the way we sweat when we get hot). The fluids (mostly water) rise, wetting hot rock in their path and causing some of the rock to melt.

Related Links—Volcanic Eruptions
NPS—Volcanoes, Craters, and Lava Flows
Earthquakes
Two things are necessary for earthquakes to occur: 1) motion within the Earth that stresses and deforms material; and 2) material that deforms by breaking rather than flowing. Moving plates of cold, brittle lithosphere produce most earthquakes, especially where they are contorted and grind against one another along their boundaries.

Summited by:Obrador, Lourie Jane M.

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Evidence of Plate Tectonics

Evidence from fossils, glaciers, and complementary coastlines helps reveal how plates once fit together.

Modern continents hold clues to their distant past. Evidence from fossils, glaciers, and complementary coastlines helps reveal how the plates once fit together.

Fossils tell us when and where plants and animals once existed. Some life "rode" on diverging plates, became isolated, and evolved into new species. Other life dispersed to new areas as continents reconnected, oceans narrowed, or chains of volcanic islands formed. Finding identical or similar fossils in areas separated by vast distances were a number of the primary clues that scientists wont to reconstruct past plate movement. This distribution of fossils led to theories that the southern continents were once joined during a supercontinent called Gondwana.

Similar geologic formations on different continents show historic land connections. Antarctica’s mountains are an extension of South America’s Andes. If hemisphere continents were reassembled into one landmass, glacial remnants in Africa and India would realign.

This post is an element of Exploring Earthquakes, a fashionable collection of resources co-presented by the California Academy of Sciences and KQED. This material is additionally available as a free iBooks textbook and iTunes U course.

The California Academy of Sciences may be amuseum and research institution based in San Francisco’s sound Park. Our mission: to explore, explain, and sustain life on Earth.
Rea Lalongisip

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there are many examples of fossil found on separate continents and nowhere else, suggesting the continents were once joined if continental drift had not occurred, the alternative explanation would be:

The species evolved independently on separate continents contradicting drawn's theory of evolution.

They swaw to the other continents in breading pairs to establish a second population.

GLOSSOPTERIS- genus of fossilized woody plants known from rocks that have been dated to the permain and triassic periods (roughly 300 to 200 million years ago)

deposited on the southern super continent of Gondwana it's most common fossil is that of tongue shape leaf with prominent midrib and reticulate venation.

Submitted by: PRINCESS ANGELYN BUNQUIN:)

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Evidence of Plate Tectonics

Evidence from fossils, glaciers, and complementary coastlines helps reveal how plates once fit together.

Modern continents hold clues to their distant past. Evidence from fossils, glaciers, and complementary coastlines helps reveal how the plates once fit together.

Fossils tell us when and where plants and animals once existed. Some life "rode" on diverging plates, became isolated, and evolved into new species. Other life dispersed to new areas as continents reconnected, oceans narrowed, or chains of volcanic islands formed. Finding identical or similar fossils in areas separated by vast distances were a number of the primary clues that scientists wont to reconstruct past plate movement. This distribution of fossils led to theories that the southern continents were once joined during a supercontinent called Gondwana.

Similar geologic formations on different continents show historic land connections. Antarctica’s mountains are an extension of South America’s Andes. If hemisphere continents were reassembled into one landmass, glacial remnants in Africa and India would realign.

This post is an element of Exploring Earthquakes, a fashionable collection of resources co-presented by the California Academy of Sciences and KQED. This material is additionally available as a free iBooks textbook and iTunes U course.

The California Academy of Sciences may be amuseum and research institution based in San Francisco’s sound Park. Our mission: to explore, explain, and sustain life on Earth.

Mae Jaquilyn Judan

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EVIDENCE OF PLATE MOVEMENT: GEOLOGIC FIT

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EVIDENCE OF PLATE MOVEMENT: GEOLOGIC FIT

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Have you seen the world map before? Did you notice that the eastern border of South America and the Western part of Africa seem fit together like a big jigsaw puzzle?

If you said yes, then you are thinking like Alfred Lothar Wegener(1880-1930), He is remembered as the originator of Continental Drift Theory by hypothesizing in 1912 that continents are slowly drifting around the Earth and once a large landmass called Pangaea, a Greek word which means All Earth.

Alfred Wegener collected diverse pieces of evidence to support his theory, including the geologic fit.

Geological fit evidence is the matching of the large-scale geological features on different continents. It has been noted that the coastline of south america in west  africa seem to match up however more particularly the rock terrains of separate continents confirm as well.

Eumer John Sonza

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Chynna Beredo

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A glacier is a huge mass of ice that moves slowly over land. The term “glacier” comes from the French word glace (glah-SAY), which means ice. Glaciers are often called “rivers of ice.”

Glaciers fall into two groups: alpine glaciers and ice sheets.

Alpine glaciers form on mountainsides and move downward through valleys. Sometimes, alpine glaciers create or deepen valleys by pushing dirt, soil, and other materials out of their way. Alpine glaciers are found in high mountains of every continent except Australia (although there are many in New Zealand). The Gorner Glacier in Switzerland and the Furtwangler Glacier in Tanzania are both typical alpine glaciers. Alpine glaciers are also called valley glaciers or mountain glaciers.

Ice sheets, unlike alpine glaciers, are not limited to mountainous areas. They form broad domes and spread out from their centers in all directions. As ice sheets spread, they cover everything around them with a thick blanket of ice, including valleys, plains, and even entire mountains. The largest ice sheets, called continental glaciers, spread over vast areas. Today, continental glaciers cover most of Antarctica and the island of Greenland.

Massive ice sheets covered much of North America and Europe during the Pleistocene time period. This was the last glacial period, also known as the Ice Age. Ice sheets reached their greatest size about 18,000 years ago. As the ancient glaciers spread, they carved.

SUBMITTED BY: SHAINE LIANE ALBAO