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The Gothic novel often deals with supernatural events, or events occurring in nature that cannot be easily explained or over which man has no control, and it typically follows a plot of suspense and mystery

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What kind of stories do these cinematographic and literary extracts refer to?

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What kind of stories do these cinematographic and literary extracts refer to?

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It shows enthusiasm for the things of the past and particularly the Middle Ages period

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England 18th Century
First appears in poetry, then in novels

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Precursor = Horace Whalpole with THE CASTLE OF OTRANTO published in 1764

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Places - Gloomy setting: haunted houses or castles with secret passages, trapdoors, and other mysterious architecture

Natural elements: dark forests, full moon, mist, storm, violent seas

Time of the day: usually at night because it inspires fear, mystery, melancholy, the vanity of existance and the inevitability of death

Characters: the religious, the persecuted woman, the 'femme fatale', the beauty, the devil, the angel, the fallen angel, the vampire, the villain

The situations/plots: torture and imprisonment, suicide, vampirism, the dark secrets of the past coming back to haunt the present, vengeance, the conflict between good and evil

Vocabulary of fear and terror

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It is characterized by the ambiguous and sudden presentation of a supernatural element, occurring in the real world.
Therefore the character and the reader experience a hesitation / doubt between what is logical or illogical and what is possible or impossible.
The fantastic is all about DOUBT and HESITATION

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Started at the end of the 18th century but this genre only really started developing on the 19th century.
It stems from the Gothic novel genre.

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TIME ans SPACE: the surreal fact happens in a time laps with a clear beginning and an end - it also happens in a small and confined place (cupboard, a room, an office, a house or the space around the main character's surroundings
THEMES: generally uses elements of confusion such as dreams, madness, the evil alter ego, fears and superstitions, plots and schemes
Most common MOTIFS: monsters, vampires, ghosts / objects and statues becoming animated / the transformation of a man into an animal / a confusion in time and space

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A very recent literary genre that started at the end of the 19th century with the industrial revolution and the development of  scientific discoveries and technologies.
It used to be called anticipation fiction.
It used to presents better tomorrows where humanity, freed
from work thanks to science, can freely blossom.
Today, it often explores the potential consequences of scientific, social and technological innovations.

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One of the most famous Science Fiction author is Jules Verne. His wide knowledge on Science and technology, put together with his extraordinary visionary gift enabled him to imagine the possible future progress of technologies and Society. For example, he imagined the conquest of the moon (De la terre à la lune, 1865)

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Fictitious events
Places: On Earth or in Space
Time: very often in the future, sometimes in the past or in a fictitious time that blends past, present and future
With technologies innovations and scientific rules
Characters: can be humans and/or fictitious creatures
THEMES: time travel, advanced science and technology, space exploration, parallel universes, extraterrestrial life...

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As opposed to Utopia, a Dystopian fiction depicts an imaginary society organized in such a way that it prevents its inhabitants from reaching happiness.
It is also called Anti-Utopia.
It is all about pessimism and often warns us about the potential drifts of an ideology or a situation => it explores the dangerous effects of political and social structures on humanity’s future

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This genre was made popular by Aldous Huxley with A Brave new world (1932) followed by George Orwell with 1984 (1948)

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Presented as Novels or short stories
SETTINGS: an imaginary place / post-apocalyptic settings with clear or unclear relation to our world
Characters: they are unhappy and usually afraid
THEMES:  totalitarian power or an adverse ideology (government control)  /  Anarchism / oppression / mass poverty / environmental destruction / survival / loss of individualism